scholarly journals Efficacy of teleconsultation as compared to in-person consultation in the delivery of school psychological services: a rapid systematic evidence review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexa von Hagen ◽  
Bettina Müller ◽  
Anna Sedlak ◽  
Gerhard Bachmann ◽  
Jana Herbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
School Psychologists ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Psychological Services ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
School Psychological Services ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Evidence Review ◽  
The Impact

As a consequence of the Covid-19 pandemic, the implementation of teleconsultation in the delivery of school psychological services has increased notoriously in many countries throughout the last year. With the aim of supporting evidence-based practices on this matter, we conducted a rapid systematic evidence review on the efficacy of teleconsultation as compared to in-person consultation in the delivery of school psychological services. From a total of 3,873 references identified through our search, only three (< 1%) reports met eligibility criteria for this review. One of these studies showed serious risk of bias according to the ROBINS-I rating scale (Sterne et al., 2016) and was therefore excluded from further analyses. Due to insufficient data, we were unable to compute meta-analyses and for this reason summarized the available evidence in a narrative style. Overall, the limited evidence that we identified seems to indicate that the impact of teleconsultation in the delivery of school psychological services on consumer satisfaction and evaluated mental health outcomes of service users is equivalent or slightly higher to in-person consultation. However, this information needs to be interpreted with caution due to the scarcity of available data, as well as methodological limitations. Our findings may serve as a basis for policymakers and school psychologists to guide an evidence-based implementation of teleconsultation practices, as well as a starting point for researchers to build on previous work when designing future studies in this field.

scholarly journals Heuristics, biases and traps in managerial decision making

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 2117-2122
Author(s):  
Peter Gál ◽  
Miloš Mrva ◽  
Matej Meško
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Managerial Decision ◽  
Initial Information ◽  
Representativeness Heuristic ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the paper is to demonstrate the impact of heuristics, biases and psychological traps on the decision making. Heuristics are unconscious routines people use to cope with the complexity inherent in most decision situations. They serve as mental shortcuts that help people to simplify and structure the information encountered in the world. These heuristics could be quite useful in some situations, while in others they can lead to severe and systematic errors, based on significant deviations from the fundamental principles of statistics, probability and sound judgment. This paper focuses on illustrating the existence of the anchoring, availability, and representativeness heuristics, originally described by Tversky & Kahneman in the early 1970’s. The anchoring heuristic is a tendency to focus on the initial information, estimate or perception (even random or irrelevant number) as a starting point. People tend to give disproportionate weight to the initial information they receive. The availability heuristic explains why highly imaginable or vivid information have a disproportionate effect on people’s decisions. The representativeness heuristic causes that people rely on highly specific scenarios, ignore base rates, draw conclusions based on small samples and neglect scope. Mentioned phenomena are illustrated and supported by evidence based on the statistical analysis of the results of a questionnaire.

Bowel dysfunction-related needs assessment in colorectal cancer survivors.

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 715-715
Author(s):  
Virginia Sun ◽  
David D. Smith ◽  
Lily L. Lai ◽  
Carrie Chong ◽  
Marcia Grant
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Coping Behavior ◽  
Bowel Function ◽  
Bowel Dysfunction ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Bowel Movements ◽  
The Impact

715 Background: Bowel dysfunction is common following treatment for colorectal cancer (CRC), with substantial impact on survivors’ quality of life (QOL). There are few evidence-based protocols to support positive adjustments to bowel function changes. The purpose of this study was to assess CRC survivors’ bowel dysfunction related information needs following surgery. Methods: CRC survivors who were within 1-3 months post-resection (n=37) completed questionnaires on bowel function, fecal incontinence specific QOL, and bowel dysfunction needs. Six randomly selected participants were interviewed to further explore unmet needs. Quantitative data were summarized using descriptive statistics for all subscales and individual items. Qualitative data were interpreted through content analysis methods. Results: The mean number of daily bowel movements was 5.5 (range 2-10). Many survivors reported incomplete bowel evacuation (66%) and increased urgency/frequency (75%). More problems were reported on the impact of diet on function (X=12, SD=3.2) and urgency/soilage (X=13.5, SD=4.5). Lower QOL scores were observed for the impact of dysfunction on lifestyle (X=2.7, SD=1.0) and coping behavior (X=2.7, SD=0.9). Survivors reported unmet information needs for the following: 1) managing bowel dysfunction in an emergency; 2) type of foods that are helpful or not helpful with bowel function; and 3) talking to others who share the same experience. The majority (75%) desired to participate in a rehabilitation program, and preferred to receive content before treatments or discharge from hospital following surgery. Conclusions: CRC survivors report unmet bowel dysfunction related needs, and desire more information and strategies to help with managing changes to their bowel patterns. Evidence-based interventions that are timely and personalized are needed to support long-term, positive adjustments following treatment.

Pilot Study on the Impact of Evidence-Based Data on Oncology Pharmacists’ Perceptions

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-363
Author(s):  
Sophie Renet ◽  
Denis Lebel ◽  
Sonia Prot-Labarthe ◽  
Roxane Therrien ◽  
Olivier Bourdon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Care Costs ◽  
Level Of Agreement

Objectives: The main objective was to evaluate whether the level of agreement of oncology hospital pharmacists with statements on their impact is influenced by the presence or absence of evidence-based data. The secondary objective was to evaluate the relative importance of evidence-based data among factors that may have contributed to oncology pharmacy practice evolution. Methods: Oncology pharmacists’ answered a Web questionnaire to measure their level of agreement with statements regarding their impact. Respondents answered the questionnaire before (pre) and after (post) being informed whether supporting evidence was available for each statement. Respondents were also asked to rank all of the factors in order of their perceived contribution to oncology pharmacy practice evolution. Results: A total of 64 questionnaires were obtained. Respondents reported a high level of agreement with statements regarding their impact on oncology pharmacy practice (mean agreement of 95.9% pre vs 93.8% post). A statistically significant diminution in the level of agreement was observed for 3 statements after respondents were informed that no supporting evidence was available for these statements. Respondents assigned a high importance to factors related to the perception of positive outcomes of pharmaceutical activities on patient safety, health care costs, and clinical results but a low importance to the use of evidence-based data.

scholarly journals Measurement of the Effects of School Psychological Services: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Müller ◽  
Alexa von Hagen ◽  
Natalie Vannini ◽  
Gerhard Büttner
Keyword(s):  
School Psychology ◽  
School Psychologists ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
School Context ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Psychological Services ◽  
Psychological Practice ◽  
School Psychological Services ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Full Text Screening

School psychologists are asked to systematically evaluate the effects of their work to ensure quality standards. Given the different types of methods applied to different users of school psychology measuring the effects of school psychological services is a complex task. Thus, the focus of our scoping review was to systematically investigate the state of past research on the measurement of the effects of school psychological services published between 1998 and 2018 in eight major school psychological journals. Of the 5,048 peer-reviewed articles published within this period, 623 were coded by two independent raters as explicitly refering to school psychology or counseling in the school context in their titles or abstracts. However, only 22 included definitions of effects of school psychological services or described outcomes used to evaluate school psychological services based on full text screening. These findings revealed that measurement of the effects of school psychological services has not been a focus of research despite its' relevance in guidelines of school psychological practice.

Perioperative Analgesia for Patients Undergoing Thyroidectomy and Parathyroidectomy: An Evidence-Based Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (10) ◽  
pp. 949-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon K. Nguyen ◽  
James Stathakios ◽  
Daniel Quan ◽  
Jessica Pinto ◽  
Hosheng Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Local Anesthetics ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Rescue Analgesia ◽  
Perioperative Analgesia ◽  
Analgesic Consumption ◽  
Pain Scores

Objective: To perform an evidence-based systematic review evaluating perioperative analgesia, including opioid alternatives, used for patients undergoing thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy. Methods: A comprehensive literature search from 1997 to January 2018 of Pubmed, Cochrane, and EmBase libraries was performed for studies reporting analgesic administration following thyroid or parathyroid surgery. This systematic review was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies were evaluated for level of evidence and given a Jadad score to assess for risk of bias. Outcomes gathered included postoperative pain scores, time to rescue analgesia, rescue analgesic consumption, and adverse events. Results: Thirty-eight randomized controlled trials met inclusion criteria. The GRADE criteria determined the overall evidence to be moderate-high. Studies utilizing NSAIDs reported reduced requirements for rescue analgesics. Acetaminophen studies presented with conflicting data on effectiveness. Gabapentinoid studies demonstrated lower pain scores and an increased time to rescue analgesic. Local anesthetics were effective at decreasing Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) pain scores while also reducing rescue analgesic consumption. Ketamine was shown to increased postoperative nausea and vomiting. NSAIDs and local anesthetic studies had an aggregate grade of evidence A, while all others had grade B evidence. Conclusion: There is significant evidence supporting the use of NSAIDs and local anesthetics in the perioperative period for pain management for thyroid and parathyroid surgeries. Acetaminophen, gabapentinoid and ketamine have some supporting evidence and may serve as adequate alternatives. Further multi-institutional RCTs are warranted to delineate optimal analgesic regimens. Level of Evidence: NA

scholarly journals Characteristics of sleep-conducive music: A narrative evidence review

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-437
Author(s):  
Yuluan Wang ◽  
Annette Rivard ◽  
Christine Guptill ◽  
Carol Boliek ◽  
Cary Brown
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Evidence Review ◽  
Evidence Based Guidelines ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: Sleep deficiency (SD) is a prevalent problem and has serious negative consequences for physical, cognitive, and psychological well-being. The use of music as a non-pharmacological sleep intervention has been proposed in several studies. A 2014 meta-analysis of 10 randomized trials evaluating the impact of music on sleep concluded that it can decrease sleep onset delay (latency) and sleep disturbances, increases sleep duration, and improves daytime dysfunction.  It appears that, to-date, evidence-based guidelines for the selection and/or production of sleep-promoting music do not exist.  This review addresses that gap and synthesizes available literature towards the goal of developing guidelines grounded in the evidence-based characteristics of sleep conducive music. Design and Results: A narrative review of research papers relevant to the topic identified evidence-based characteristics of sleep-conducive music related to tempo, rhythm, pitch, volume, and duration. Conclusion: This identification and compilation of evidence-based characteristics of sleep-conducive music can underpin future research that targets development and testing of specific music to promote sleep.  

Demographic Influences on Perceptions of School Psychological Services

1982 ◽  
Vol 54 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1167-1176
Author(s):  
Richard M. Gargiulo ◽  
Norman S. Chambers ◽  
Edward D. Fiscus
Keyword(s):  
School Psychologists ◽  
School Psychologist ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Information Gathering ◽  
Psychological Services ◽  
Nonparametric Analysis ◽  
Exceptional Children ◽  
School Psychological Services ◽  
Perceptions Of School

This study examined the influence of demographic variables on the perceptions of 191 teachers, 90 administrators, and 51 school psychologists when establishing preference rankings in five areas of school psychological services: priority for referral, information-gathering techniques, utilization of the school psychologist, effectiveness with exceptional children, and strategies of remediation employed. A nonparametric analysis of rank indicated contradictory perceptions among the respondents. Age, sex, degree, experience, and level of assignment affected the subjects' perceptions variously. Explanations were proposed.

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