scholarly journals Animal Spirits in the Beautiful Game. Testing social pressure in professional football during the COVID-19 lockdown

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Cueva
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Social Pressure ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Large Dataset ◽  
Animal Spirits ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic forced almost all professional football matches worlwide to be played in empty stadiums. This large-scale natural experiment offers a unique opportunity to assess the impact of social pressure on decision making and behavior. In particular, I investigate the effect of the home crowd on match outcomes and referee decisions. Using a large dataset from 41 professional football leagues in 30 different countries, I find that the home advantage in match outcomes drops by around one half and that referee bias against away teams completely disappears following the lockdowns. My results therefore suggest that social pressure exerted by home crowds has an important effect on the behavior of referees and on game outcomes.

scholarly journals Voice Communication Systems Impact on Navigating Officers

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lovro Maglić ◽  
Sanjin Valčić ◽  
Ana Gundić ◽  
Livia Maglić
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
Voice Communication ◽  
New Process ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Voice Calls ◽  
The Impact

The tasks of an officer of the watch (OOW) on complex ships during navigation in coastal areas may be very challenging. Almost all the tasks require substantial information processing and timely decision making. Every distracting element should be avoided during navigation. Every call, made through any communication system, activates a new process that the OOW needs to conduct. The new process may interrupt a previously started task. In case of too many incoming calls, the workload of the OOW may increase significantly, thus, their situational awareness may be compromised and the risk of errors may increase. The objective of this research was to analyze the impact of incoming voice calls on the OOW. The research methods used include a questionnaire survey and a series of interviews with experienced officers. The main outcomes refer to the average frequency of incoming calls, duration of conversations and subjective assessment of their influence. The results indicate that, during one watch, an officer needs to answer 14 calls that last 16.19 min altogether. However, the officers consider 45% of calls made during watch keeping as distracting. A possible call management system with the aim to reduce distractions made by low priority calls is proposed in this paper.

The Early Post-Stalin Succession Struggle and Upheavals in East-Central Europe: Internal-External Linkages in Soviet Policy Making (Part 1)

1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Soviet Bloc ◽  
East Central Europe ◽  
East Central ◽  
Soviet Policy ◽  
External Events ◽  
The Impact

The death of Josif Stalin was followed by momentous changes in the Soviet bloc. Part 1 of this two-part article considers how and why these changes came about, looking at the interaction between domestic and external events. It explores the nature of Soviet decision making, the impact of events in East-Central Europe, the implementation of Moscow's new policy, and the use of Soviet troops to put down a large-scale uprising in East Germany. Politics, Power, and U.S. Policy in Iran, 1950–1953

scholarly journals The impact of Government‐mandated shared decision‐making for implantable defibrillators: A natural experiment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birju R. Rao ◽  
Faisal M. Merchant ◽  
Eli R. Abernethy ◽  
David H. Howard ◽  
Daniel D. Matlock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Implantable Defibrillators ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Cognitive Tool for Enhanced Decision Making and Personal Change among College Students

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Crystal Mata Kreitler ◽  
Donald F. Dansereau ◽  
Timothy M. Barth ◽  
Gregory T. Repasky ◽  
James Miller
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Cognitive Tool ◽  
Personal Change ◽  
Writing Group ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Spatial Display

Many college students have difficulty with decision making and personal change. In this study, we examine the impact of a fill-in-the-node spatial display that college students complete while considering alternatives and action plans related to dilemmas and behavior change. College students who utilized the cognitive tool reported greater positive expectations for future decision making and personal change than did those in a problem-based writing group and a no treatment group. Implications for academic advisors are discussed.

scholarly journals THE STATE'S RESPONSIBILITY IN THE WELFARE OF PEOPLE AND ECONOMIC RECOVERY IN THE FACE OF COVID-19 FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF LAW AND HUMAN RIGHTS

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-198
Author(s):  
Serlika Aprita ◽  
Lilies Anisah
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Problem Solver ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Government ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

The Covid-19 pandemic was taking place in almost all countries around the world. Along with the increasingly vigorous government strategy in tackling the spread of the corona virus that was still endemic until now, the government had started to enforce the Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) with the signing of Government Regulation (PP) No. 21 of 2020 about PSBB which was considered able to accelerate countermeasures while preventing the spread of corona that was increasingly widespread in Indonesia. The research method used was normative prescriptive. The government put forward the principle of the state as a problem solver. The government minimized the use of region errors as legitimacy to decentralization. The government should facilitated regional best practices in handling the pandemic. Thus, the pandemic can be handled more effectively. The consideration, the region had special needs which were not always accommodated in national policies. The government policy should be able to encourage the birth of regional innovations in handling the pandemic as a form of fulfilling human rights in the field of health. Innovation was useful in getting around the limitations and differences in the context of each region. In principle, decentralization required positive incentives, not penalties. Therefore, incentive-based central policies were more awaited in handling and minimizing the impact of the pandemic.    

scholarly journals The Impact of the Online COVID-19 Infodemic on French Red Cross Actors’ Field Engagement and Protective Behaviors: Mixed Methods Study

10.2196/27472 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. e27472
Author(s):  
Leonardo W Heyerdahl ◽  
Benedetta Lana ◽  
Tamara Giles-Vernick
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Protective Behaviors ◽  
Traditional Media ◽  
French Red Cross ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tuning Out

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has been widely described as an infodemic, an excess of rapidly circulating information in social and traditional media in which some information may be erroneous, contradictory, or inaccurate. One key theme cutting across many infodemic analyses is that it stymies users’ capacities to identify appropriate information and guidelines, encourages them to take inappropriate or even harmful actions, and should be managed through multiple transdisciplinary approaches. Yet, investigations demonstrating how the COVID-19 information ecosystem influences complex public decision making and behavior offline are relatively few. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate whether information reported through the social media channel Twitter, linked articles and websites, and selected traditional media affected the risk perception, engagement in field activities, and protective behaviors of French Red Cross (FRC) volunteers and health workers in the Paris region of France from June to October 2020. Methods We used a hybrid approach that blended online and offline data. We tracked daily Twitter discussions and selected traditional media in France for 7 months, qualitatively evaluating COVID-19 claims and debates about nonpharmaceutical protective measures. We conducted 24 semistructured interviews with FRC workers and volunteers. Results Social and traditional media debates about viral risks and nonpharmaceutical interventions fanned anxieties among FRC volunteers and workers. Decisions to continue conducting FRC field activities and daily protective practices were also influenced by other factors unrelated to the infodemic: familial and social obligations, gender expectations, financial pressures, FRC rules and communications, state regulations, and relationships with coworkers. Some respondents developed strategies for “tuning out” social and traditional media. Conclusions This study suggests that during the COVID-19 pandemic, the information ecosystem may be just one among multiple influences on one group’s offline perceptions and behavior. Measures to address users who have disengaged from online sources of health information and who rely on social relationships to obtain information are needed. Tuning out can potentially lead to less informed decision making, leading to worse health outcomes.

scholarly journals PERKEMBANGAN BENTUK KERAJINAN RENCONG DI DESA BAET KECAMATAN SUKA MAKMUR KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 326
Author(s):  
Saniman Andi Kafri ◽  
Reza Sastra Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Problem Formulations ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Production Objectives

AbstrakRencong merupakan produk budaya lokal Aceh yang diwariskan secara turun-temurun oleh nenek monyangnya suku Aceh. Rencong sebagai senjata tradisional sekaligus simbol identitas diri masyarakat Aceh memiliki sejarah panjang dan bentuk yang menarik. Sampai saat ini rencong Aceh tetap diminati oleh masyarakat Aceh maupun pendatang yang berkunjung ke daerah Aceh. Seiring dengan berlakunya PSBB di Aceh, juga berdampak terhadap pengrajin rencong, Kondisi ini juga menuntut masyarakat harus mencari pekerjaan lain untuk dapat memenuhi kebutuhan hidup sehari-hari, dampak virus covid-19 dirasakan langsung oleh pengrajin rencong yang ada di tiga desa Baet yaitu, Baet Masjid, Baet Lampuot dan Baet Meusago di kecamatan Sukamakmur Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Beberapa pengrajin yang bertahan, dikarenakan tidak adanya pekerjaan lain seperti yang dilakukan oleh bapak Yudi Hidayat, Ibrahin dan Zuhri. Pemerintah Aceh bahkan telah menetapkan kampung-kampung ini sebagai kampung rencong yang menjadi destinasi wisata baru di Aceh. Sebelum Covid- 19 hampir semua penduduknya berpropesi sebagai pengrajin rencong. Membuat rencong dilakukan secara turun-temurun dimana pembuatan kerajinan ini dilakukan oleh laki-laki dan perempuan. Keunikan rencong dapat dilihat dari bentuknya yang menyerupai kalimat Bismillah ditulis dalam bahasa Arab. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya hubungan erat antara rencong dengan Islam. Perubahan zaman tentunya turut mengubah kebudayaan, dalam hal ini turut merubah bentuk rencong dan fungsi rencong itu sendiri, dimana dahulunya bentuk rencong hanya berukuran 35 cm dan dalam perkembanganya bentuk rencong saat ini sudah mulai ber pariasi mulai dari ukuran 15 cm sampai dengan 2 M, selain itu rencong pada saat ini produksi lebih memanfaatkan pamor rencong sebagai salah satu senjata khas Aceh yang ada di Indonesia sehingga fungsinya beralih dari fungsi praktis menjadi fungsi estetis sehingga tujuan produksinya turut mempengaruhinya, dimana rencong saat ini sudah digunakan sebagai aksesoris dalam pakaian adat Aceh dan aksesoris dalam pagelaran pertunjukan. Metode penelitian “Perkembangan Bentuk Kerajinan Rencong di Desa Baet Kecamatan Suka Makmur Kabupaten Aceh Besar” ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan penelitian kualitatif. Metode ini dapat menjawab semua rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini. metode kualitatif juga dapat menggali informasi secara mendalam.  Kata Kunci: rencong, kerajinan, fungsi estetis.AbstractRencong is a product of local Aceh culture that has been passed down from generation to generation by his Acehnese mony grandmother. Rencong as a traditional weapon as well as a symbol of Acehnese identity has a long history and an interesting form. Until now, Aceh rencong is still in demand by Acehnese people and migrants visiting the area. Along with the enactment of the Large-Scale Social Restrictions in Aceh it also has an impact on rencong craftsmen, this condition also requires people to find other jobs to be able to meet their daily needs, the impact of the covid-19 virus is felt directly by rencong craftsmen in three Baet villages, namely, Baet Masjid, Baet Lampuot and Baet Meusago in Sukamakmur sub-district, Aceh Besar district. Some of the craftsmen who survived, were due to the absence of other jobs such as those done by Yudi Hidayat, Ibrahin and Zuhri. In this case, the Aceh government has even designated these villages as Rencong villages which have become new tourist destinations in Aceh. Almost all residents work as rencong craftsmen. Making rencong has been done from generation to generation. The making of this craft is done by both men and women. The uniqueness of rencong can be seen from its shape which resembles the sentence Bismillah written in Arabic. This shows the close relationship between rencong and Islam. Changes in time have certainly changed the culture, in this case also changing the shape of the rencong and the function of the rencong itself, where previously the shape of the rencong was only 35 cm in size and in its development the shape of the rencong now varies from 15 cm to 2 M in size, besides The current rencong production utilizes the prestige of rencong as one of Aceh's typical weapons in Indonesia so that its function is shifted from a practical function to an aesthetic function so that its production objectives also influence, where rencong is currently used as an accessory in Acehnese traditional clothing and accessories in performances the research method "Development of Rencong Craft Forms in Baet Village, Suka Makmur District, Aceh Besar District. "This is done using qualitative research. This method can answer all problem formulations in this study. Qualitative methods can also digging information.  Keywords: rencong, craft, aesthetic function.. 

scholarly journals A Framework for Evidence-Based Decision Making in Large-Scale Food Fortification Programs

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1802-1802
Author(s):  
Valerie Friesen ◽  
Mduduzi Mbuya ◽  
Lynnette Neufeld ◽  
Frank T Weiringa
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Program Design ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Food Fortification ◽  
Impact Pathway ◽  
Gates Foundation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Evidence Based Decision Making

Abstract Objectives The use of evidence on program performance and potential for impact for decision making in food fortification programs is limited and often done in isolation from other micronutrient interventions. We present a framework for fortification stakeholders responsible for making program recommendations and decisions to facilitate and document evidence-based decision making. Methods First, we reviewed the literature to define the key decision makers and decisions necessary for effective fortification program design and delivery, informed by a clear impact pathway. Then we classified decisions by domain, identified data sources and criteria for their assessment, and adapted the GRADE Evidence to Decision framework to summarize the results. Finally, we considered how the framework would apply to different country programs to test its utility. Results Policymakers, particularly government ministries, and the food producers themselves are the most important decision makers in a fortification program, while technical support agencies, donor agencies, and the research community play important roles in translating data and evidence into contextualized recommendations that meet the needs of different decision makers. The main fortification decision types were classified into five domains across the impact pathway: 1) program design (need, food vehicle(s)); 2) program delivery (compliance, quality, coverage); 3) program impact (nutrient intake and status); 4) overlapping micronutrient interventions and/or under-served populations; and 5) decisions to continue or stop programs. Important criteria for the assessment of each decision type included priority, benefits/risks, equity, acceptability, and feasibility among others. Country examples illustrated the importance of coordinating decision-making in the context of overlapping micronutrient interventions to ensure continued safety and impact over time. Conclusions This framework is a practical tool to enable evidence-based decision making by fortification stakeholders. Using evidence in a systematic and transparent way can enable more effective program design, delivery, and ultimately health impacts. Funding Sources Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Teacher Decision Making in Participation of Students with Disabilities in Large-Scale Assessment

2001 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizanne Destefano ◽  
James G. Shriner ◽  
Claire A. Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Confidence ◽  
Large Scale Assessment ◽  
Teacher Decision Making ◽  
Scale Assessment ◽  
Instructional Needs ◽  
Teacher's Knowledge ◽  
The Impact

This article reports on the findings of a study to test the effectiveness of an intervention with teachers and administrators to improve decision making regarding participation and accommodation for students with disabilities in large-scale assessments. Using a pretest/posttest, multiple measures design involving more than 80 teachers, the study assessed the impact of training on teacher's knowledge and confidence about participation and accommodation, accommodation decisions for hypothetical students, and actual accommodation decisions the following year. Results indicate that after training, there was a stronger relationship among participation/accommodation, curriculum, and instructional needs. Teachers expressed high confidence in their ability to make accommodation decisions after training.

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