scholarly journals Temporal (in)stability in English monosyllabic and disyllabic words: Insights on the effect of voicing on vowel duration

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Coretta
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Stability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Vowel Duration ◽  
Compensation Mechanism ◽  
Acoustic Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Monosyllabic Words ◽  
Disyllabic Words ◽  
The Stability

English is one in the wide range of languages in which the duration of vowels is modulated by the voicing of the following consonant: Vowels are shorter when followed by voiceless stops, and longer when followed by voiced stops. The so-called voicing effect has been attributed to a variety of mechanisms. Temporal compensation between the duration of the vowel and the following stop closure is one of these mechanisms. Based on acoustic data from Italian and Polish disyllabic words, the compensatory mechanism has been proposed to be a consequence of the temporal stability of the interval between the consonant releases flanking the vowel. The timing of the VC boundary within this interval determines the respective durations of the vowel and the stop closure. In this paper, it is shown that the duration of the release-to-release interval is not affected by the voicing of the second consonant in English disyllabic words, but that it is in monosyllabic words. It is argued that the stability of the interval can be derived from the isochronous phasing of the vocalic gestures in the VCV sequence of disyllabic words. The absence of the temporal anchor of a second vowel in monosyllabic words, on the other hand, allows the vocalic and the consonant gesture durations to be modified independently. Other aspects of production and perception behind the voicing effect can coexist with a temporal compensation mechanism and cannot be excluded.

The effect of viscosity on the stability of a uniformly rotating liquid column in zero gravity

2007 ◽  
Vol 572 ◽  
pp. 261-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. KUBITSCHEK ◽  
P. D. WEIDMAN
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Tricritical Point ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Liquid Column ◽  
Azimuthal Mode ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Axisymmetric Disturbances ◽  
Stability Results

An investigation of the linear temporal stability of a uniformly rotating viscous liquid column in the absence of gravity is presented. The governing parameters are the rotational Reynolds number Re and the Hocking parameter L, defined as the ratio of surface tension to centrifugal forces. Though the viscosity-independent condition L≥(k2 + n2-1)−1 for stability to disturbances of axial wavenumber k and azimuthal mode number n has been known for some time, the preferred modes, growth rates and frequencies at onset of instability have not been reported. We compute these results over a wide range of L–Re space and determine certain asymptotic behaviours in the limits of L→0, L→∞ and Re→∞. The computations exhibit a continuous evolution toward known inviscid stability results in the large-Re limit and their ultimate transition to an n = 1 spiral mode at small Re. While viscosity is shown to reduce growth rates for axisymmetric disturbances, it also produces a destabilizing effect for n = 2 planar and n = 1 spiral disturbances in certain regions of parameter space. A special feature is the appearance of a tricritical point in L–Re space at which maximum growth rates of the axisymmetric, n = 1 spiral, and n = 2 planar disturbances are equal.

scholarly journals Testing and Applications of Non-Linear Wave Shaping Circuits Based on Zener Diodes at Cryogenic Temperatures

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 4910-4918
Author(s):  
A. M. Abd El-Maksood
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
The Other ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
Linear Wave ◽  
Cryogenic Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
The Stability

            Applications of wave-shaping clipping circuits based on Zener diodes are of great interest in a wide range of modern electronic systems. As well, given the strong interest in space research and trips to distant planets, where the journey takes long periods. Therefore, the matter requires reliance on electronic systems with special specifications commensurate with the nature of the extremely low-temperature environments, down to cryogenic level (around 90 K). So, the present paper was concerned with studying the stability of the performance of different non-linear wave-shaping systems, based on silicon Zener diodes, whenever operates at very low temperatures down to cryogenic levels. From which, it is clear that for BZX79-C4V7 and BZX79-C5V6 Zeners, such electronic systems were shown to be insensitive to temperature variations. On the other hand, low breakdown voltage Zeners (BZV86-1V4 and BZX83-C3V6), the clipping edges were shown to be increased with lowering temperatures from 300 K down to 93 K. Finally, for Zener diodes with VZ greater than 6.0 V (BZX83-C6V8 and BZX55C9V1), the temperature coefficient is positive, so the clipping edges decrease with lowering temperatures, for the same range of temperatures.

scholarly journals An Acoustic Analysis of Cantonese Lexical Tones by Chinese Youths in Seremban, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chan Huey Jien
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vowel Duration ◽  
Chinese Community ◽  
Acoustic Characteristics ◽  
Lexical Tones ◽  
Monosyllabic Words ◽  
Malaysian Chinese

Cantonese is widely spoken among the Malaysian Chinese community. Cantonese speakers are not only native speakers, but also non-native speakers. One of the difficult parts of Cantonese learning is lexical tones. In view of this, this study provides an acoustic analysis of Cantonese lexical tones produced by Chinese youths in Seremban, Negeri Sembilan. This study investigates the acoustic characteristics of Cantonese lexical tones by analysing the length features and pitch features of monosyllabic words. Six female speakers participated in this study. Three of them are native Cantonese speakers, while the other three are non-native Cantonese speakers. Data analysis was conducted by using Praat. In terms of length features, T2 and T6 are the shortest smooth tones, and T7 is the shortest checked tone. In terms of pitch features, T3 and T4 had greater changes compared to the previous study. All lexical tones produced by non-native speakers, with the exception of T2, are level tones. Moreover, in both groups, the vowel duration and pitch value of T2 are relatively the same as T6, and there is a trend of combination.

scholarly journals Wie stabil sind Bindungsangst und Bindungsvermeidung? Der Einfluss von Persönlichkeit und Beziehungsveränderungen auf die partnerbezogenen Bindungsdimensionen

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-26
Author(s):  
Elke Rohmann ◽  
Beate Küpper ◽  
Martina Schmohr
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
The Other ◽  
Panel Analysis ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Dominant Influence ◽  
Better Than

In a sample of 57 students who were interviewed at three waves within eight months the assumption was investigated that personality dimensions (specifically agreeableness and neuroticism) predict general attachment better than partner-related attachment. In accordance with this assumption neuroticism predicted general attachment anxiety better than partner-related anxiety. Results of a cross-lagged panel analysis showed that partner-related anxiety was predicted better by neuroticism than vice versa. With respect to the association between agreeableness and partner-related avoidance, no dominant influence of one variable over the other was detected. After positive and negative changes in the course of their relationship congruent changes in partner-related attachment anxiety were detected. Specifically, negative changes in the course of relationship caused an increase in attachment anxiety, whereas positive changes in the course of relationship caused a decrease in attachment anxiety. Contrary to our expectations, the stability of partnerrelated attachment anxiety did not differ from the stability of partner-related attachment avoidance. In addition, both dimensions of partner-related attachment reached the same level of temporal stability as agreeableness and neuroticism. Zusammenfassung Es wurde in einer Studie mit einer Stichprobe von 57 Studierenden, die zu drei Messzeitpunkten innerhalb von acht Monaten befragt worden waren, untersucht, ob Persönlichkeitsmerkmale (Verträglichkeit und Neurotizismus) besser die allgemeine Bindung als die partnerbezogene Bindung vorhersagen. Diese Annahme konnten wir für die Vorhersage von Bindungsangst durch Neurotizismus bestätigen. Weiterhin ließ sich in einer cross-lagged-panel-Analyse zeigen, dass die partnerbezogene Bindungsangst nach acht Monaten besser durch Neurotizismus vorhergesagt wurde als umgekehrt. Dagegen ließ sich für den Zusammenhang von Verträglichkeit und partnerbezogener Bindungsvermeidung keine einseitige Einflussrichtung feststellen. Die Veränderbarkeit der partnerbezogenen Bindungsangst konnte durch positive und negative Beziehungsveränderungen vorhergesagt werden. Nach negativen Beziehungsveränderungen nahm die Bindungsangst zu, während sie nach positiven Beziehungsveränderungen abnahm. Entgegen unserer Annahmen fanden wir keine geringere Stabilität von partnerbezogener Bindungsangst im Vergleich zu partnerbezogener Bindungsvermeidung. Zudem waren die beiden partnerbezogenen Bindungsdimensionen zeitlich genauso stabil wie Verträglichkeit und Neurotizismus.

Analysis of the Stability of Elliptical Journal Bearings under Vapor Cavitation Erosion

2015 ◽  
Vol 789-790 ◽  
pp. 241-245
Author(s):  
Rosli Hj Yusof ◽  
T.V.V.L.N. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Cavitation Erosion ◽  
Journal Bearings ◽  
The Other ◽  
Operating Speed ◽  
Erosion Wear ◽  
Hydrodynamic Bearings ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Bearing System

The phenomenon of lubricant cavitation in hydrodynamic bearings and its effect on the stability has been rigorously studied and reported in the literatures. In certain cases, cavitation has significant effect on the dynamic and stability characteristics of the rotor-bearing system. With a proper control of the cavitation condition and groove location, stability can be achieved over a wide range of operating speed, in the case of elliptical journal bearings. On the other hand, the stability is not affected by the presence of vapor cavitation, in the case of multi-lobe journal bearings with the oil supplied at atmospheric pressure. For the unstable, submerged, circular bearings, vapor cavitation phenomena results in a distinctive vibration response observable on the vibration plots. The stability of the elliptical journal bearings under the influence of vapor cavitation erosion was analyzed. It is found that vapor cavitation erosion on elliptical bearings results in instability of the whirling shaft. Collapse of the vapor cavitation bubbles causes erosion wear that falls within the pressure zone of the elliptical bearing, thus causing the instability.

Uniformity of Magnification from Different Electron Microscopes

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 32-33
Author(s):  
Godfrey C. Hoskins ◽  
V. Williams ◽  
V. Allison
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Grating ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carbon Replica ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
The Stability

The method demonstrated is an adaptation of a proven procedure for accurately determining the magnification of light photomicrographs. Because of the stability of modern electrical lenses, the method is shown to be directly applicable for providing precise reproducibility of magnification in various models of electron microscopes.A readily recognizable area of a carbon replica of a crossed-line diffraction grating is used as a standard. The same area of the standard was photographed in Phillips EM 200, Hitachi HU-11B2, and RCA EMU 3F electron microscopes at taps representative of the range of magnification of each. Negatives from one microscope were selected as guides and printed at convenient magnifications; then negatives from each of the other microscopes were projected to register with these prints. By deferring measurement to the print rather than comparing negatives, correspondence of magnification of the specimen in the three microscopes could be brought to within 2%.

Implications of Person Fluctuation for the Stability and Validity of Test Scores

Methodology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pere J. Ferrando
Keyword(s):  
Item Response ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Person Fit ◽  
Item Parameters ◽  
Individual Trait ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Fluctuation Model

In the IRT person-fluctuation model, the individual trait levels fluctuate within a single test administration whereas the items have fixed locations. This article studies the relations between the person and item parameters of this model and two central properties of item and test scores: temporal stability and external validity. For temporal stability, formulas are derived for predicting and interpreting item response changes in a test-retest situation on the basis of the individual fluctuations. As for validity, formulas are derived for obtaining disattenuated estimates and for predicting changes in validity in groups with different levels of fluctuation. These latter formulas are related to previous research in the person-fit domain. The results obtained and the relations discussed are illustrated with an empirical example.

2D Color-Intensity Representation of Ultrasonic Thickness Gauge Measurements

2020 ◽  
pp. 1192-1198
Author(s):  
M.S. Mohammad ◽  
Tibebe Tesfaye ◽  
Kim Ki-Seong
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Thickness Gauge ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Digital Readout ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Ultrasonic Thickness

Ultrasonic thickness gauges are easy to operate and reliable, and can be used to measure a wide range of thicknesses and inspect all engineering materials. Supplementing the simple ultrasonic thickness gauges that present results in either a digital readout or as an A-scan with systems that enable correlating the measured values to their positions on the inspected surface to produce a two-dimensional (2D) thickness representation can extend their benefits and provide a cost-effective alternative to expensive advanced C-scan machines. In previous work, the authors introduced a system for the positioning and mapping of the values measured by the ultrasonic thickness gauges and flaw detectors (Tesfaye et al. 2019). The system is an alternative to the systems that use mechanical scanners, encoders, and sophisticated UT machines. It used a camera to record the probe’s movement and a projected laser grid obtained by a laser pattern generator to locate the probe on the inspected surface. In this paper, a novel system is proposed to be applied to flat surfaces, in addition to overcoming the other limitations posed due to the use of the laser projection. The proposed system uses two video cameras, one to monitor the probe’s movement on the inspected surface and the other to capture the corresponding digital readout of the thickness gauge. The acquired images of the probe’s position and thickness gauge readout are processed to plot the measured data in a 2D color-coded map. The system is meant to be simpler and more effective than the previous development.

Performance of Electronic Structure Methods for the Description of Hückel-Möbius Interconversions in Extended π-Systems

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Woller ◽  
Ambar Banerjee ◽  
Nitai Sylvetsky ◽  
Xavier Deraet ◽  
Frank De Proft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Structure ◽  
Basis Set ◽  
Dft Methods ◽  
Molecular Switching ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Electronic Structure Methods ◽  
Explicitly Correlated ◽  
Relative Errors ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Basis Set Expansion

<p>Expanded porphyrins provide a versatile route to molecular switching devices due to their ability to shift between several π-conjugation topologies encoding distinct properties. Taking into account its size and huge conformational flexibility, DFT remains the workhorse for modeling such extended macrocycles. Nevertheless, the stability of Hückel and Möbius conformers depends on a complex interplay of different factors, such as hydrogen bonding, p···p stacking, steric effects, ring strain and electron delocalization. As a consequence, the selection of an exchange-correlation functional for describing the energy profile of topological switches is very difficult. For these reasons, we have examined the performance of a variety of wavefunction methods and density functionals for describing the thermochemistry and kinetics of topology interconversions across a wide range of macrocycles. Especially for hexa- and heptaphyrins, the Möbius structures have a pronouncedly stronger degree of static correlation than the Hückel and figure-eight structures, and as a result the relative energies of singly-twisted structures are a challenging test for electronic structure methods. Comparison of limited orbital space full CI calculations with CCSD(T) calculations within the same active spaces shows that post-CCSD(T) correlation contributions to relative energies are very minor. At the same time, relative energies are weakly sensitive to further basis set expansion, as proven by the minor energy differences between MP2/cc-pVDZ and explicitly correlated MP2-F12/cc-pVDZ-F12 calculations. Hence, our CCSD(T) reference values are reasonably well-converged in both 1-particle and n-particle spaces. While conventional MP2 and MP3 yield very poor results, SCS-MP2 and particularly SOS-MP2 and SCS-MP3 agree to better than 1 kcal mol<sup>-1</sup> with the CCSD(T) relative energies. Regarding DFT methods, only M06-2X provides relative errors close to chemical accuracy with a RMSD of 1.2 kcal mol<sup>-1</sup>. While the original DSD-PBEP86 double hybrid performs fairly poorly for these extended p-systems, the errors drop down to 2 kcal mol<sup>-1</sup> for the revised revDSD-PBEP86-NL, again showing that same-spin MP2-like correlation has a detrimental impact on performance like the SOS-MP2 results. </p>

A brief scale of pathological worry that everyone already has

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Verkuil ◽  
Briana Brownlow ◽  
Michael Vasey ◽  
Jos F. Brosschot ◽  
Julian F. Thayer
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Divergent Validity ◽  
Central Process ◽  
Life Study ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Excellent Internal Consistency ◽  
Convergent And Divergent Validity ◽  
Pathological Worry ◽  
Anxiety Questionnaire

Worry is a central process in a wide range of psychopathological and somatic conditions. Three studies (N = 856) were used to test whether a subscale composed of five items of the most commonly used trait anxiety questionnaire, Spielberger’s State Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait version (STAI-T), is appropriate to measure worry. Results showed that the subscale, named the Brief Worry Scale (BWS), had excellent internal consistency and temporal stability. Convergent and divergent validity were supported by correlation analyses using worry questionnaires and measures of anxious arousal and depression. The BWS was a particularly good predictor of the pathogenic aspects of worry, including worry perseveration in daily life (study 1), measures of clinical worry (study 2) and the uncontrollability of experimentally induced worry (study 3). Taken together, these studies demonstrate that the BWS might be a valuable scale for pathological worry, for which many researchers already have data.

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