scholarly journals Structured and Unstructured Regulation Priming Induction and Effects on Task Performance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Victorino ◽  
Ronaldo Pilati
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Ego Depletion ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Recent Contribution ◽  
The Past ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Regulation Model

Self-regulation has been investigated on the past decades in many fields, and even though contributions have enlightened the understanding of a vast array of behaviors, the development of general explanatory models hardly reaches a consensus. Even relatively consensual theories like ego depletion have been recently questioned, and researchers are still in search of better models to describe the self-regulatory processes. A recent contribution on the field suggests that the presence or absence of goals may lead to different self-regulatory states, named as structured and unstructured regulation. No further attempts on this line of research have been made, even though it has potential to give significant contributions. The main objective of this thesis is to develop an explanatory model of self-regulation, based on the suggested self-regulatory states, which is hereby named structured and unstructured self-regulation model (SUSR). To develop the model, a sequence of experiments was designed and executed to test if the model is feasible and which variables are important to the process as moderators (experiments 1 and 2). Also, the information processing and the subsequent responses were investigated (experiment 3), and, as an attempt to verify a practical use of the model, its effects on sports performance were evaluated (experiment 4). Results suggest that the model is feasible, goal presence had different kinds of effects throughout the experiments and some of the moderators need to be further investigated, such as self-control and self-efficacy.

scholarly journals Poster - Structured and Unstructured Self-Regulation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Victorino
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Goal Achievement ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Jigsaw Puzzle ◽  
Recent Contribution ◽  
Moderation Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Specific Goal

Self-regulation has been investigated on the past decades in many fields, and despite the fact thatcontributions have enlightened the understanding of a vast array of behaviors, the development ofgeneral explanatory models hardly reaches a consensus. A recent contribution on the field suggeststhat the presence or absence of a goal may lead to different self-regulatory states, in which theindividual would think and behave differently, facilitating goal achievement when there is a goal, orenvironmental adaptation, when there is not. Those states were defined as structured and unstructuredself-regulation and even though this line of research has potential to give significant contributions, it isimportant to develop a better description of those states, for example, in terms of which variables mayhave influence on the process. In an effort towards the development of a model based on the suggestedself-regulatory states, a sequence of experiments was conducted to test the moderation effects of selfcontrol(experiment 1) and self-efficacy (experiment 2) on the relation between goal presence/absenceand task performance. On experiment 1 participants were randomly selected for two groups, goal or nogoal, in which they had to perform a task with or without a specific goal. The performance on the taskwas measured and the moderation effects of self-control were investigated. On experiment 2, the sameprocedure was conducted but self-efficacy was tested as a moderator. On experiment 1 the task was tofinish a jigsaw puzzle and on experiment 2 it was the Tower of London task. At this point the resultssuggest that the model is feasible, with moderation effects found for self-control and self-efficacy. Also,the presence of a goal affected the performance on both tasks, suggesting that the model could be asignificant contribution to a better understanding of self-regulation.

scholarly journals Homeostasis and its disruption in the lung microbiome

2015 ◽  
Vol 309 (10) ◽  
pp. L1047-L1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Dickson ◽  
John R. Erb-Downward ◽  
Gary B. Huffnagle
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
External Perturbation ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
The Past ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Lung Microbiome ◽  
Interkingdom Signaling ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Host Inflammatory Response ◽  
Community Stress

The disciplines of physiology and ecology are united by the shared centrality of the concept of homeostasis: the stability of a complex system via internal mechanisms of self-regulation, resilient to external perturbation. In the past decade, these fields of study have been bridged by the discovery of the lung microbiome. The respiratory tract, long considered sterile, is in fact a dynamic ecosystem of microbiota, intimately associated with the host inflammatory response, altered in disease states. If the microbiome is a “newly discovered organ,” ecology is the language we use to explain how it establishes, maintains, and loses homeostasis. In this essay, we review recent insights into the feedback mechanisms by which the lung microbiome and the host response are regulated in health and dysregulated in acute and chronic lung disease. We propose three explanatory models supported by recent studies: the adapted island model of lung biogeography, nutritional homeostasis at the host-microbiome interface, and interkingdom signaling and the community stress response.

scholarly journals Bored Into Depletion? Toward a Tentative Integration of Perceived Self-Control Exertion and Boredom as Guiding Signals for Goal-Directed Behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1272-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanja Wolff ◽  
Corinna S. Martarelli
Keyword(s):  
Ego Depletion ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Strength Model ◽  
Control Performance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Working Model ◽  
Societal Relevance ◽  
Depletion Effect ◽  
Control Research ◽  
Goal Directed Behavior

During the past two decades, self-control research has been dominated by the strength model of self-control, which is built on the premise that the capacity for self-control is a limited global resource that can become temporarily depleted, resulting in a state called ego depletion. The foundations of ego depletion have recently been questioned. Thus, although self-control is among the most researched psychological concepts with high societal relevance, an inconsistent body of literature limits our understanding of how self-control operates. Here, we propose that the inconsistencies are partly due to a confound that has unknowingly and systematically been introduced into the ego-depletion research: boredom. We propose that boredom might affect results of self-control research by placing an unwanted demand on self-control and signaling that one should explore behavioral alternatives. To account for boredom in self-controlled behavior, we provide a working model that integrates evidence from reward-based models of self-control and recent theorizing on boredom to explain the effects of both self-control exertion and boredom on subsequent self-control performance. We propose that task-induced boredom should be systematically monitored in self-control research to assess the validity of the ego-depletion effect.

The Effects of Depleted Self-Control Strength on Skill-Based Task Performance

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desmond McEwan ◽  
Kathleen A. Martin Ginis ◽  
Steven R. Bray
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Ego Depletion ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Myoelectrical Activity ◽  
Control Strength ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of depleted self-control strength on skill-based sports task performance. Sixty-two participants completed the following: a baseline dart-tossing task (20 tosses), with measures of accuracy, reaction time, and myoelectrical activity of the arms taken throughout; a self-control depletion (experimental) or a nondepletion (control) manipulation; and a second round of dart tossing. As hypothesized, participants in the experimental condition had poorer mean accuracy at Round 2 than control condition participants, and a significant decline in accuracy from Round 1 to Round 2. Experimental condition participants also demonstrated poorer consistency in accuracy compared with control condition participants at Round 2 and a significant deterioration in consistency from Round 1 to Round 2. In addition, consistency in reaction time improved significantly for the control group but not for the experimental group. The results of this study provide evidence that ego depletion effects occur in the performance of a skill-based sports task.

Self-Regulatory Processes in Early Development

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie Beeghly ◽  
Bruce D. Perry ◽  
Edward Tronick
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Caregiver Support ◽  
Relational Context ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Regulatory Systems ◽  
Mutual Regulation ◽  
At Risk Populations ◽  
Regulation Model

In this chapter, we focus on the emergence of self-regulatory processes during infancy, as framed in biopsychosocial context. We begin with a brief review of the neurobiological underpinnings of early self-regulatory processes and how self-regulatory systems develop in early childhood. Next, given that infants come into the world highly dependent on caregiver support for their survival, we argue that the emergence of self-regulation occurs primarily in a relational context, and that the capacity for self-regulation reflects both self- and parent–infant co-regulatory processes. We also provide evidence to show that variations in these early self- and parent–infant regulatory processes are linked to children’s resilient or maladaptive functioning in later life. We illustrate our arguments with findings from developmental research on self-regulation in at-risk populations and in diverse contextual–cultural settings. After a brief discussion of the implications of this literature for practice, we conclude that the Mutual Regulation Model provides a useful framework for practitioners attending to the quality of the parent–infant relationship.

Who Believes in Nonlimited Willpower? In Search of Correlates of Implicit Theories of Self-Control

2018 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-299
Author(s):  
Jan Jędrzejczyk ◽  
Marcin Zajenkowski
Keyword(s):  
Time Perspective ◽  
Implicit Theories ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Ego Depletion ◽  
Emotional Stability ◽  
Future Time Perspective ◽  
Mental Activity ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Strength Model ◽  
Domain Specific

Recently, the most prominent model of self-control, the strength model, was criticized, and other explanations of self-control have been proposed. One of them is a concept of lay, implicit, willpower theories, that is, believing either that willpower is limited (as in the strength model) or nonlimited. Research shows that holding a nonlimited-resource belief prevents individuals from suffering ego depletion and is related to successful self-regulation. The current study explored how personality, time perspective, and intelligence predict willpower theories. Additionally, two aspects of willpower theories, strenuous mental activity and resistance to temptations, were measured separately. The results indicated that the two aspects of willpower theories were not correlated with each other. This supports hypothesis that willpower theories may be domain specific and also suggests that these two aspects should not be aggregated into one, homogenous scale as was done in some previous research. Both aspects of holding a nonlimited-resource theory were related positively to emotional stability and negatively to past negative time perspective. Strenuous mental activity was positively associated with intellect and negatively with present fatalism, whereas resistance to temptations was correlated positively with conscientiousness and future time perspective. There were no relations between willpower theories and intelligence, which posits that similar life outcomes related with these two attributes are based on distinct mechanisms. Regression analyses revealed that only personality traits (emotional stability and conscientiousness) remained significant predictors of willpower beliefs.

scholarly journals Exploring the Interplay of Trait Self–Control and Ego Depletion: Empirical Evidence for Ironic Effects

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 413-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Imhoff ◽  
Alexander F. Schmidt ◽  
Friederike Gerstenberg
Keyword(s):  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Ego Depletion ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Total N ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Behaviour Study ◽  
Low Self Control ◽  
Ironic Effects

Trait self–control (TSC) has been conceptualized as a general and abstract ability to exert self–regulation across multiple domains that has mostly beneficial effects. However, its relationship to situational depletion of self–regulatory resources has received little attention. We systematically explore the interplay of trait and situational self–control in two studies (total N = 264). In contrast with a positive view of TSC, the results show greater ego depletion effects for high (vs. low) self–control abilities across such diverse domains as candy consumption (Study 1), risk–taking behaviour (Study 2) and achievement motivation (Study 2). It is proposed that these ironic effects are attributable to high–TSC individuals’ less frequent active inhibition of impulses in everyday life and their resulting lack of experience in resisting acute temptations. A third study (N> = 358) corroborated this general reasoning by showing that TSC is indeed associated with less frequent impulse inhibition in daily routines. Our data point to a downside of dispositional self–control in ego depletion paradigms. Other explanations and potential future avenues for resolving inconsistent findings across the literature are discussed. Copyright © 2013 European Association of Personality Psychology

Anxiety, Ego Depletion, and Sports Performance

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 580-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Englert ◽  
Alex Bertrams
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Ego Depletion ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Free Throw ◽  
Control Strength ◽  
Performance Under Pressure

In the present article, we analyzed the role of self-control strength and state anxiety in sports performance. We tested the hypothesis that self-control strength and state anxiety interact in predicting sports performance on the basis of two studies, each using a different sports task (Study 1: performance in a basketball free throw task, N = 64; Study 2: performance in a dart task, N = 79). The patterns of results were as expected in both studies: Participants with depleted self-control strength performed worse in the specific tasks as their anxiety increased, whereas there was no significant relation for participants with fully available self-control strength. Furthermore, different degrees of available self-control strength did not predict performance in participants who were low in state anxiety, but did in participants who were high in state anxiety. Thus increasing self-control strength could reduce the negative anxiety effects in sports and improve athletes’ performance under pressure.

scholarly journals Understanding and interpreting the effects of prior cognitive exertion on self-regulation of sport and exercise performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Graham ◽  
Denver M. Y. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Mental Fatigue ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Sport And Exercise ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Over the past decade there has been considerable research into the effects of prior cognitive exertion on subsequent self-regulation of sport and exercise performance. In this chapter we provide an overview of how this body of literature has developed amongst two parallel, yet separate perspectives - self-control and mental fatigue – and where it currently stands. The prominent theories in the field are discussed and areas that warrant further investigation moving forward are highlighted. This includes discussion of factors known to mediate and moderate this relationship, and future directions that will help us elucidate underlying mechanisms.

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