scholarly journals Homeostasis and its disruption in the lung microbiome

2015 ◽  
Vol 309 (10) ◽  
pp. L1047-L1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Dickson ◽  
John R. Erb-Downward ◽  
Gary B. Huffnagle
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
External Perturbation ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
The Past ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Lung Microbiome ◽  
Interkingdom Signaling ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Host Inflammatory Response ◽  
Community Stress

The disciplines of physiology and ecology are united by the shared centrality of the concept of homeostasis: the stability of a complex system via internal mechanisms of self-regulation, resilient to external perturbation. In the past decade, these fields of study have been bridged by the discovery of the lung microbiome. The respiratory tract, long considered sterile, is in fact a dynamic ecosystem of microbiota, intimately associated with the host inflammatory response, altered in disease states. If the microbiome is a “newly discovered organ,” ecology is the language we use to explain how it establishes, maintains, and loses homeostasis. In this essay, we review recent insights into the feedback mechanisms by which the lung microbiome and the host response are regulated in health and dysregulated in acute and chronic lung disease. We propose three explanatory models supported by recent studies: the adapted island model of lung biogeography, nutritional homeostasis at the host-microbiome interface, and interkingdom signaling and the community stress response.

scholarly journals Poster - Structured and Unstructured Self-Regulation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Victorino
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Goal Achievement ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Jigsaw Puzzle ◽  
Recent Contribution ◽  
Moderation Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Specific Goal

Self-regulation has been investigated on the past decades in many fields, and despite the fact thatcontributions have enlightened the understanding of a vast array of behaviors, the development ofgeneral explanatory models hardly reaches a consensus. A recent contribution on the field suggeststhat the presence or absence of a goal may lead to different self-regulatory states, in which theindividual would think and behave differently, facilitating goal achievement when there is a goal, orenvironmental adaptation, when there is not. Those states were defined as structured and unstructuredself-regulation and even though this line of research has potential to give significant contributions, it isimportant to develop a better description of those states, for example, in terms of which variables mayhave influence on the process. In an effort towards the development of a model based on the suggestedself-regulatory states, a sequence of experiments was conducted to test the moderation effects of selfcontrol(experiment 1) and self-efficacy (experiment 2) on the relation between goal presence/absenceand task performance. On experiment 1 participants were randomly selected for two groups, goal or nogoal, in which they had to perform a task with or without a specific goal. The performance on the taskwas measured and the moderation effects of self-control were investigated. On experiment 2, the sameprocedure was conducted but self-efficacy was tested as a moderator. On experiment 1 the task was tofinish a jigsaw puzzle and on experiment 2 it was the Tower of London task. At this point the resultssuggest that the model is feasible, with moderation effects found for self-control and self-efficacy. Also,the presence of a goal affected the performance on both tasks, suggesting that the model could be asignificant contribution to a better understanding of self-regulation.

scholarly journals Structured and Unstructured Regulation Priming Induction and Effects on Task Performance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Victorino ◽  
Ronaldo Pilati
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Ego Depletion ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Recent Contribution ◽  
The Past ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Regulation Model

Self-regulation has been investigated on the past decades in many fields, and even though contributions have enlightened the understanding of a vast array of behaviors, the development of general explanatory models hardly reaches a consensus. Even relatively consensual theories like ego depletion have been recently questioned, and researchers are still in search of better models to describe the self-regulatory processes. A recent contribution on the field suggests that the presence or absence of goals may lead to different self-regulatory states, named as structured and unstructured regulation. No further attempts on this line of research have been made, even though it has potential to give significant contributions. The main objective of this thesis is to develop an explanatory model of self-regulation, based on the suggested self-regulatory states, which is hereby named structured and unstructured self-regulation model (SUSR). To develop the model, a sequence of experiments was designed and executed to test if the model is feasible and which variables are important to the process as moderators (experiments 1 and 2). Also, the information processing and the subsequent responses were investigated (experiment 3), and, as an attempt to verify a practical use of the model, its effects on sports performance were evaluated (experiment 4). Results suggest that the model is feasible, goal presence had different kinds of effects throughout the experiments and some of the moderators need to be further investigated, such as self-control and self-efficacy.

Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia During Sleep and Waking

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Stoakley ◽  
Karen J. Mathewson ◽  
Louis A. Schmidt ◽  
Kimberly A. Cote
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Affective Style ◽  
Waking State ◽  
Optimal Period ◽  
The Stability

Abstract. Resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is related to individual differences in waking affective style and self-regulation. However, little is known about the stability of RSA between sleep/wake stages or the relations between RSA during sleep and waking affective style. We examined resting RSA in 25 healthy undergraduates during the waking state and one night of sleep. Stability of cardiac variables across sleep/wake states was highly reliable within participants. As predicted, greater approach behavior and lower impulsivity were associated with higher RSA; these relations were evident in early night Non-REM (NREM) sleep, particularly in slow wave sleep (SWS). The current research extends previous findings by establishing stability of RSA within individuals between wake and sleep states, and by identifying SWS as an optimal period of measurement for relations between waking affective style and RSA.

Stability and Folding of the Unusually Stable Hemoglobin from Synechocystis is Subtly Optimized and Dependent on the Key Heme Pocket Residues.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheetal Uppal ◽  
Mohd. Asim Khan ◽  
Suman Kundu
Keyword(s):  
Molten Globule ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Model System ◽  
Heme Pocket ◽  
The Past ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Delivery Vehicles ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Key Residues ◽  
Synechocystis Sp

Aims: The aim of our study is to understand the biophysical traits that govern the stability and folding of Synechocystis hemoglobin, a unique cyanobacterial globin that displays unusual traits not observed in any of the other globins discovered so far. Background: For the past few decades, classical hemoglobins such as vertebrate hemoglobin and myoglobin have been extensively studied to unravel the stability and folding mechanisms of hemoglobins. However, the expanding wealth of hemoglobins identified in all life forms with novel properties, like heme coordination chemistry and globin fold, have added complexity and challenges to the understanding of hemoglobin stability, which has not been adequately addressed. Here, we explored the unique truncated and hexacoordinate hemoglobin from the freshwater cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 known as “Synechocystis hemoglobin (SynHb)”. The “three histidines” linkages to heme are novel to this cyanobacterial hemoglobin. Objective: Mutational studies were employed to decipher the residues within the heme pocket that dictate the stability and folding of SynHb. Methods: Site-directed mutants of SynHb were generated and analyzed using a repertoire of spectroscopic and calorimetric tools. Result: The results revealed that the heme was stably associated to the protein under all denaturing conditions with His117 playing the anchoring role. The studies also highlighted the possibility of existence of a “molten globule” like intermediate at acidic pH in this exceptionally thermostable globin. His117 and other key residues in the heme pocket play an indispensable role in imparting significant polypeptide stability. Conclusion: Synechocystis hemoglobin presents an important model system for investigations of protein folding and stability in general. The heme pocket residues influenced the folding and stability of SynHb in a very subtle and specific manner and may have been optimized to make this Hb the most stable known as of date. Other: The knowledge gained hereby about the influence of heme pocket amino acid side chains on stability and expression is currently being utilized to improve the stability of recombinant human Hbs for efficient use as oxygen delivery vehicles.

scholarly journals Copper Phyllosilicates-Derived Catalysts in the Production of Alcohols from Hydrogenation of Carboxylates, Carboxylic Acids, Carbonates, Formyls, and CO2: A Review

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Dien-Thien To ◽  
Yu-Chuan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Spatial Effect ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
The Past ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Remedial Actions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Size Interaction

Copper phyllosilicates-derived catalysts (CuPS-cats) have been intensively explored in the past two decades due to their promising activity in carbonyls hydrogenation. However, CuPS-cats have not been completely reviewed. This paper focuses on the aspects concerning CuPS-cats from synthesis methods, effects of preparation conditions, and dopant to catalytic applications of CuPS-cats. The applications of CuPS-cats include the hydrogenation of carboxylates, carboxylic acids, carbonates, formyls, and CO2 to their respective alcohols. Besides, important factors such as the Cu dispersion, Cu+ and Cu0 surface areas, particles size, interaction between Cu and supports and dopants, morphologies, and spatial effect on catalytic performance of CuPS-cats are discussed. The deactivation and remedial actions to improve the stability of CuPS-cats are summarized. It ends up with the challenges and prospective by using this type of catalyst.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic and Energy Efficiency Analysis of a Domestic Refrigerator Using Al2O3 Nano-Refrigerant

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5659
Author(s):  
Farhood Sarrafzadeh Javadi ◽  
Rahman Saidur
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
Nanoparticle Concentration ◽  
Evaporator Temperature ◽  
Domestic Refrigerator ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nano Lubricant ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Energy Efficiency Analysis ◽  
Al2o3 Nanofluid

Refrigeration systems have experienced massive technological changes in the past 50 years. Nanotechnology can lead to a promising technological leap in the refrigeration industry. Nano-refrigerant still remains unknown because of the complexity of the phase change process of the mixture including refrigerant, lubricant, and nanoparticle. In this study, the stability of Al2O3 nanofluid and the performance of a nano-refrigerant-based domestic refrigerator have been experimentally investigated, with the focus on the thermodynamic and energy approaches. It was found that by increasing the nanoparticle concentration, the stability of nano-lubricant was decreased and evaporator temperature gradient was increased. The average of the temperature gradient increment in the evaporator was 20.2% in case of using 0.1%-Al2O3. The results showed that the energy consumption of the refrigerator reduced around 2.69% when 0.1%-Al2O3 nanoparticle was added to the system.

scholarly journals Information Disorder and Self-Regulation in Europe: A Broader Non-Economistic Conception of Self-Regulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aznar
Keyword(s):  
Social Communication ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
The Public ◽  
Media Companies ◽  
The Past ◽  
European Institutions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Information Manipulation

Over the past decade, the problems arising from social communication have yet again become burning issues on social and political agendas. Information disorder, hate speeches, information manipulation, social networking sites, etc., have obliged the most important European institutions to reflect on how to meet the collective challenges that social communication currently poses in the new millennium. These European Institutions have made a clear commitment to self-regulation. The article reviews some recent European initiatives to deal with information disorder that has given a fundamental role to self-regulation. To then carry out a theoretical review of the normative notion of self-regulation that distinguishes it from the neo-liberal economicist conception. To this end, (1) a distinction is drawn between the (purportedly) self-regulating market and (2) a broader conception of self-regulation inherent not to media companies or corporations, but to the social subsystem of social communication, is proposed. This involves increasing the number of self-regulatory mechanisms that may contribute to improve social communication, and reinforcing the commitment of those who should exercise such self-regulation, including not only media companies but also the professionals working at them and the public at large.

scholarly journals Water confined in solutions of biological relevance

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (10) ◽  
pp. 1563-1574
Author(s):  
Marie-Claire Bellissent-Funel
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Biological Macromolecules ◽  
Organic Solutes ◽  
Confined Water ◽  
The Past ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Biological Relevance ◽  
The Stability

AbstractIn many relevant situations, water is not in its bulk form but instead attached to some substrates or filling some cavities. We shall call water in the latter environment confined water as opposed to bulk water. It is known that the confined water is essential for the stability and the function of biological macromolecules. In this paper, we provide a review of the experimental and computational advances over the past decades concerning the understanding of the structure and dynamics of water confined in aqueous solutions of biological relevance. Examples involving water in solution of organic solutes (cryoprotectants such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), sugars such as trehalose) are provided.

Using metavisualization to revise an explanatory model regarding a chemical reaction between ions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solange Wagner Locatelli ◽  
Bette Davidowitz
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Chemistry Education ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Explanatory Model ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Correct Figure ◽  
Real Life Situation

The objective of this work was to evaluate the implementation of a metavisual strategy for students to revise and self-regulate concepts arising in a study of a chemical reaction between ions. For this purpose, two chemistry education undergraduate students at a Brazilian public university carried out an investigative activity, involving metavisual steps, to revise explanatory models at the submicro level. Students were given a problem, namely a reaction between ions drawn from a real-life situation and were provided with clay to construct an explanatory model of the submicro level for the initial and final stages of the reaction. The students were asked to compare their clay model with an example of a scientifically correct figure of the submicro level of the reaction generated by the researchers. At this stage students were given the option to reconstruct their model. Data were captured via photographs of the clay models and students’ verbal discussions as they proceeded through the activity. The findings reveal evidence of self-regulation of mental models at the submicro level, from the interaction of prior knowledge, chemical diagrams and discussions and reflections by the pair of students. Difficulties regarding chemical formulae were also observed in relation to the symbolic level. Finally, there are implications for teaching chemistry, since teachers in training need to experience metavisual strategies for future application in their classrooms.

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