The Effects of Depleted Self-Control Strength on Skill-Based Task Performance

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desmond McEwan ◽  
Kathleen A. Martin Ginis ◽  
Steven R. Bray
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Ego Depletion ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Myoelectrical Activity ◽  
Control Strength ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of depleted self-control strength on skill-based sports task performance. Sixty-two participants completed the following: a baseline dart-tossing task (20 tosses), with measures of accuracy, reaction time, and myoelectrical activity of the arms taken throughout; a self-control depletion (experimental) or a nondepletion (control) manipulation; and a second round of dart tossing. As hypothesized, participants in the experimental condition had poorer mean accuracy at Round 2 than control condition participants, and a significant decline in accuracy from Round 1 to Round 2. Experimental condition participants also demonstrated poorer consistency in accuracy compared with control condition participants at Round 2 and a significant deterioration in consistency from Round 1 to Round 2. In addition, consistency in reaction time improved significantly for the control group but not for the experimental group. The results of this study provide evidence that ego depletion effects occur in the performance of a skill-based sports task.

The Effect of Ego Depletion on Sprint Start Reaction Time

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 506-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Englert ◽  
Alex Bertrams
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Ego Depletion ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Control Strength ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
False Start ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Practical Implications

In the current study, we consider that optimal sprint start performance requires the self-control of responses. Therefore, start performance should depend on athletes’ self-control strength. We assumed that momentary depletion of self-control strength (ego depletion) would either speed up or slow down the initiation of a sprint start, where an initiation that was sped up would carry the increased risk of a false start. Applying a mixed between- (depletion vs. nondepletion) and within- (before vs. after manipulation of depletion) subjects design, we tested the start reaction times of 37 sport students. We found that participants’ start reaction times decelerated after finishing a depleting task, whereas it remained constant in the nondepletion condition. These results indicate that sprint start performance can be impaired by unrelated preceding actions that lower momentary self-control strength. We discuss practical implications in terms of optimizing sprint starts and related overall sprint performance.

Examining Practice and Learning Effects With Serial Administration of the Clinical Reaction Time Test in Healthy Young Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 558-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy N. Nguyen ◽  
Reuben N. Clements ◽  
Lucas A. Porter ◽  
Nicole E. Clements ◽  
Matthew D. Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Athletic Training ◽  
Learning Effect ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Clinical Reaction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Clinical Reaction Time

Context: The clinical reaction time (RTclin) test has been recommended as a valid test for assessing concussion and determining recovery of reaction time function following concussion. However, it is unknown whether repeat assessment, as is used in postconcussion testing, is affected by learning or practice phenomena. Objective: To determine if a practice or learning effect is present with serial administration of the RTclin test. Design: Randomized control trial. Setting: University athletic training clinics. Participants: A total of 112 healthy collegiate athletes (age = 19.46 [1.34] y). Interventions: The control group completed the RTclin test on days 1 and 60. The experimental group completed the RTclin test on days 1, 2, 3, 7, and 60. Main Outcome Measure: Reaction time as measured with the RTclin test. Results: The difference in RTclin test performance from day 1 to day 60 was not significant (mean change = −2.77 [14.46] ms, P = .42, 95% confidence intervals, −6.40 to 0.862) between groups. The experimental group experienced significant improvement (λ = 0.784, F4,49 = 3.365, P = .02, η2 = .216, power = 0.81) with acute repeat testing. However, post hoc analysis did not reveal a significant difference between scores during the 5 test periods. Conclusions: The results suggest serial administration of the RTclin test does not produce a practice or learning effect. Clinicians, however, should be cautious as the results do provide evidence patients may demonstrate improved scores when testing occurs on repetitive days after initial exposure to the test.

Effects of Rapid Weight Loss on Balance and Reaction Time in Elite Judo Athletes

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1371-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Morales ◽  
Carla Ubasart ◽  
Mónica Solana-Tramunt ◽  
Israel Villarrasa-Sapiña ◽  
Luis-Millán González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Judo Athletes ◽  
Experimental Group

Balance, reaction time, and strength are key factors affecting judo performance. Although ample research has been done examining potential strength changes caused by weight loss prior to competition, changes in balance and reaction time have been overlooked. Purpose: To examine the effects of rapid and progressive weight loss (RWL and PWL) on balance, reaction time, and strength in a group of elite judo athletes. Methods: A total of 38 female and male judo athletes (age = 20.6 [2.6] y) completed balance, reaction-time, and strength assessments 1 wk prior to an official weigh-in (pretest) and immediately after the weigh-in (posttest). The athletes were divided into 3 groups, 1 control group who maintained regular training and eating habits, 1 experimental group who engaged in PWL (<3% reductions in body mass), and a second experimental group who used RWL techniques (>3% reductions in body mass). Results: The RWL group showed significant decreases (P < .05) in balance performance (ellipse area: 4.83 [0.87] vs 6.31 [1.39] mm2 with eyes closed; mean mediolateral velocity: 2.07 [0.2] vs 2.52 [0.45] mm·s−1 with eyes closed; and mean anteroposterior velocity: 2.25 [0.20] vs 2.51 [0.32] mm·s−1 with eyes open and 2.44 [0.26] vs 3.06 [0.56] mm·s−1 with eyes closed) and reaction time (0.38 [0.04] vs 0.42 [0.06] s) with no changes in strength from pretesting to posttesting. The athletes in the PWL and control groups maintained performance in all variables. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate negative effects on perceptual motor-skill performance in judo athletes engaging in RWL strategies prior to competition.

Effects of State Anxiety and Ego Depletion on Performance Change in Golf Putting: A Hierarchical Linear Model Application

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 904-921
Author(s):  
Myoungjin Shin ◽  
Yoora Kim ◽  
Seungha Park
Keyword(s):  
Linear Model ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Model ◽  
Ego Depletion ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Golf Putting ◽  
Performance Change ◽  
Experimental Group

This study employed a hierarchical linear model analysis to examine the effects of ego depletion and state anxiety on performance changes in golf putting. We randomly assigned 51 female college students with no previous golf putting experience to either an ego-depletion (experimental) group ( n = 26) or a non-ego-depletion (control) group ( n = 25). Putting performance changes over repeated trials displayed a quadratic curve, and both ego depletion and state anxiety exerted negative effects on early, but not late, putting performance. Contrary to previous findings, the interaction effect between ego depletion and state anxiety on performance was nonsignificant.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness Of Mindfulness Training to Improve Fast Boat Crew Self-Control in Bali Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Putu Ugram Swadharma ◽  
Alimatus Sahrah ◽  
Nur Fachmi Budi Setyawan
Keyword(s):  
Mindfulness Training ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Experimental Subjects ◽  
Experimental Group

This research aims to empirically examine the effectiveness of mindfulness training to improve the fast boat ship crews’ self-control in X company Bali, Indonesia. The experimental subjects in this research were 22, 12 as the experimental group and 10 as the control group. Collection data was done by using likert scale of 26 items with reliability of  0.889. The data processed using Mann-Whitney tests, the average value of the experimental group is (16.50) is higher than the average value of the control group (5.5), This means the average score of self-control boat crews receiving treatment is higher than whose not given treatment. The result of reaserch is Mann-Whitney U  = 0,000, Z = -3,974, p (value) or Asymp Sig < 0.05 which means there are statistically significant is differences beetwen two group.  

scholarly journals Post-Depletion Aggression Restrained: Replicabily of Brief Mindfulness Induction In Indonesian Sample

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleoputri Yusainy ◽  
Wahyu Wicaksono
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Ego Depletion ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Mindfulness Practice ◽  
Control Performance ◽  
Competitive Reaction ◽  
Time Task ◽  
Mindfulness Induction ◽  
British Sample

Mindfulness practice is being promoted in Western countries as a means to improve one’s ability to restrain aggression under “depleted” condition. The applicability of this framework in non-Western settings is yet to be determined. This study (N = 119 Indonesian undergraduates) directly replicated Yusainy and Lawrence (2015) experiment with native British sample, to examine the moderation of mindfulness induction on post-depletion aggression (i.e., blast intensity in an adapted competitive reaction-time task). Similar results were obtained, in that mindfulness induction moderated the ego-depletion and (i) blast intensity link under low/moderate provocation, and (ii) self-control performance link after the aggression task. Notably, the benefit of mindfulness was also indicated in our additional aggression measure of the late deliverance of maximum blast in depleted females. While Western operationalisation of mindfulness operates quite similarly across cultures, the inclusion of a subtle measure of aggression appears to be crucial for Indonesian females.

scholarly journals Comparison of Physical Effect Between Two Training Methods for Individuals With Substance Use Disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
yanguang yang ◽  
Jing-yi Chen ◽  
Xiao-wu Pang ◽  
Meng-lu Shen ◽  
Su-yong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Push Up

Abstract Background: High-intensity Interval Training (HIIT) has recently been widely used for health promotion in healthy people and patients with chronic diseases. It is not clear whether HIIT can bring better physical rehabilitation benefits to individuals with substance use disorder (SUD) than that of Moderate-intensity continuous Training (MICT). The study aimed to compare the effects of HIIT versus MICT on the physical fitness of individuals with SUD.Methods: A total 120 individuals with amphetamine-type stimulant dependent from a compulsory drug rehabilitation center voluntarily took part in this study. They were randomly assigned to the HIIT group (experimental group) and MICT group (control group). The subjects in experimental group received HIIT training three times a week (80%-85%HRMax, 60min). The exercise included rope jumping, running, weight training and basketball game. The subjects from control group received MICT 3 times a week (60%HRMax, 60min), including Tai Chi, mind-body exercise and recreation activity. Physical fitness assessment were performed at the baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months exercise intervention including blood pressure (BP), vital capacity (VC), hand grip, push-up, sit-and-reach, one-leg-stand with eyes closed and choice reaction time. The craving level was assessed using the visual analog scale （VAS）at the baseline, 6 months and 12 months. A two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to test whether the intervention were different after 12 months.Results: The within-group factor displayed significant changes in HIIT and MICT groups in terms of the systolic BP (F (4,336) =12.799), diastolic BP (F(4,336) =9.495), VC (F(4,336)=18.121), hand grip (F(4,336)=34.815), sit-and-reach (F(4,336) =13.871), choice reaction time (F(4,336) =20.603), one-leg-stand with eyes closed (F(4,336) =14.495) and push-up (F(4,336) =28.805). The craving level decreased after 12 months intervention in both groups (F(2,168) =11.25, P<0.001), but there was not significant differences between HIIT and MICT group.Conclusion: Both HIIT and MICT can promote the physical fitness rehabilitation for individuals with SUD. Clinical Trials Registry: ChiCTR1900022158 Chinese Clinical Trial Registry

scholarly journals The Effect of Mind Subtraction Meditation Intervention on Smartphone Addiction and the Psychological Wellbeing among Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3263
Author(s):  
Eun-Hi Choi ◽  
Min Young Chun ◽  
Insoo Lee ◽  
Yang-Gyeong Yoo ◽  
Min-Jae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Smartphone Addiction ◽  
School Based ◽  
Stress Coping Strategies ◽  
Control Section ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Experimental Group

As the smartphone has become an indispensable device in modern lives, consequential psychosocial problems such as smartphone addiction have been getting attention worldwide, especially regarding adolescents. Based on its positive effect on young individuals’ mental health, mind subtraction meditation has been widely applied to many school-based programs in South Korea. This study aims to identify the effects of a school program based on mind subtraction on the smartphone addiction of adolescents. A total of 49 high school sophomores, 24 from the experimental group (mean age = 16), and 25 from the control group (mean age = 16) are included in this case-control study. The experimental group is given the meditation program sessions in the morning, two times a week for 20 min per session, for a total of 12 weeks. The experimental group shows improvements regarding the ‘smartphone addiction’ section (p < 0.001), for instant satisfaction (p < 0.001) and long-term satisfaction (p < 0.001). Concerning the ‘self-control’ section and decreasing stress (p < 0.001), problem focusing (p < 0.001), and social support navigation (p = 0.018), there are improvements in these ‘stress coping strategies’ sections. This study directly shows the positive effect of mind subtraction meditation on smartphone addiction in adolescents and, thus, provides guidance to the future development of smartphone addiction prevention programs for young individuals.

Ego Depletion and Attention Regulation Under Pressure: Is a Temporary Loss of Self-Control Strength Indeed Related to Impaired Attention Regulation?

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Englert ◽  
Kris Zwemmer ◽  
Alex Bertrams ◽  
Raôul R.D. Oudejans
Keyword(s):  
Motor Task ◽  
Ego Depletion ◽  
General Assumption ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Gaze Behavior ◽  
Attention Regulation ◽  
Control Strength ◽  
Dart Throwing ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Impaired Attention

In the current study we investigated whether ego depletion negatively affects attention regulation under pressure in sports by assessing participants’ dart throwing performance and accompanying gaze behavior. According to the strength model of self-control, the most important aspect of self-control is attention regulation. Because higher levels of state anxiety are associated with impaired attention regulation, we chose a mixed design with ego depletion (yes vs. no) as between-subjects and anxiety level (high vs. low) as within-subjects factor. Participants performed a perceptual-motor task requiring selective attention, namely, dart throwing. In line with our expectations, depleted participants in the high-anxiety condition performed worse and displayed a shorter final fixation on bull’s eye, demonstrating that when one’s self-control strength is depleted, attention regulation under pressure cannot be maintained. This is the first study that directly supports the general assumption that ego depletion is a major factor in influencing attention regulation under pressure.

Anxiety, Ego Depletion, and Sports Performance

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 580-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Englert ◽  
Alex Bertrams
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Ego Depletion ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Free Throw ◽  
Control Strength ◽  
Performance Under Pressure

In the present article, we analyzed the role of self-control strength and state anxiety in sports performance. We tested the hypothesis that self-control strength and state anxiety interact in predicting sports performance on the basis of two studies, each using a different sports task (Study 1: performance in a basketball free throw task, N = 64; Study 2: performance in a dart task, N = 79). The patterns of results were as expected in both studies: Participants with depleted self-control strength performed worse in the specific tasks as their anxiety increased, whereas there was no significant relation for participants with fully available self-control strength. Furthermore, different degrees of available self-control strength did not predict performance in participants who were low in state anxiety, but did in participants who were high in state anxiety. Thus increasing self-control strength could reduce the negative anxiety effects in sports and improve athletes’ performance under pressure.

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