Microrobotic swarms and their robotic delivery applications offer new venues for gene therapy delivery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moataz Dowaidar
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Block Size ◽  
Research Opportunities ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Therapeutic Procedures ◽  
And Control ◽  
Substantial Effort ◽  
In Vivo Delivery ◽  
Therapy Delivery

Over the past decade, microrobotic swarms and their robotic delivery applications have evolved substantially. This review looked at the current advances in microrobotics swarming, navigation, and localization, as well as their applications for targeted imaging-guided distribution. While a substantial effort has been proposed towards in-vivo controlled administration, several restrictions remain. Research opportunities and challenges are presented, with probable solutions on the horizon. Microrobotic Swarm, Controller and Integration of Imaging Modality. Integrating the swarm controller with in vivo imaging technologies is a requirement for in vivo delivery jobs. Trading between imaging and control systems, as well as developing a swarm control scheme based on current imaging systems, is hard to do. Research should focus on integrating swarm navigation and imaging into the same energy source. The toxicity threshold needed depends on where microrobotic swarms are employed. Before establishing therapeutic procedures, the swarms' biocompatibility and toxicity should be evaluated. Swarms in endovascular delivery applications may require a more complete toxicity evaluation, including a range of parameters such as materials, dose, and block size. Research opportunities include bridging customized therapy/delivery and imaging-guided swarm control.

scholarly journals pH-Control in Aptamer-Based Diagnostics, Therapeutics, and Analytical Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micaela Belleperche ◽  
Maria DeRosa
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Ph Control ◽  
Ph Responsive ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Responsive Materials ◽  
Nucleic Acid Base ◽  
And Control ◽  
In Vivo Delivery

Aptamer binding has been used effectively for diagnostics, in-vivo targeting of therapeutics, and the construction and control of nanomachines. Nanostructures that respond to pH by releasing or changing affinity to a target have also been used for in vivo delivery, and in the construction of sensors and re-usable nanomachines. There are many applications that use aptamers together with pH-responsive materials, notably the targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics. However, the number of reported applications that directly use pH to control aptamer binding is small. In this review, we first discuss the use of aptamers with pH-responsive nanostructures for chemotherapeutic and other applications. We then discuss applications that use pH to denature or otherwise disrupt the binding of aptamers. Finally, we discuss motifs using non-canonical nucleic acid base pairing that can shift conformation in response to pH, followed by an overview of engineered pH-controlled aptamers designed using those motifs.

scholarly journals Alterations in haematological parameters of multiple in-utero insonated rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-149
Author(s):  
S.Y. Idris ◽  
M Lawal ◽  
J.S. Enam ◽  
M.S. Muhammed ◽  
A Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
And Control

The fact that ultrasound is generally perceived as a safe imaging modality due to its use of non-ionizing radiation encouraged its increasing use in the diagnosis of cyesis in Veterinary practice. Ultrasound heating during obstetric scans has the potential of increasing body temperature via absorption. The study was conducted to determine the effect of multiple prenatal ultrasounds scanning on haematological parameters of rabbit fetuses. The research involves in vivo experimental model using 16 pregnant does and exposing them to ultrasound for average of 5 minutes at day 7, 12, 15, 20, 25, 27 and 29 of gestation. They were divided into two groups as insonated and control, the restrain and scanning procedures were mimicked on the group of does that were not scanned (positive control). Upon parturition, blood samples were collected from the kits via jugular venesection into ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid containing tubes for haematology. There was a significant reduction (p < 0.05) of red blood cell count and haemoglobin concentration of insonated group. Values of packed cell volume and platelet were lower but not significant (p > 0.05) in insonated as against the control while a non-significant slight increase in total white blood cell count was seen in the control. Therefore, ultrasound heating from multiple in-utero exposure can possibly cause alterations in haematological values in Rabbits. Keywords: Fetus, Haematology, Insonation, In-utero, Rabbit, Ultrasound

Experimental Study of the Impact of Alisma plantago-aquatica Secretions on Pathogenic Bacteria

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
O. Zhukorskyy ◽  
O. Hulay
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Popula Tions ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Aim. To estimate the impact of in vivo secretions of water plantain (Alisma plantago-aquatica) on the popula- tions of pathogenic bacteria Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Methods. The plants were isolated from their natural conditions, the roots were washed from the substrate residues and cultivated in laboratory conditions for 10 days to heal the damage. Then the water was changed; seven days later the selected samples were sterilized using fi lters with 0.2 μm pore diameter. The dilution of water plantain root diffusates in the experimental samples was 1:10–1:10,000. The initial density of E. rhusiopathiae bacteria populations was the same for both experimental and control samples. The estimation of the results was conducted 48 hours later. Results. When the dilution of root diffusates was 1:10, the density of erysipelothrixes in the experimental samples was 11.26 times higher than that of the control, on average, the dilution of 1:100 − 6.16 times higher, 1:1000 – 3.22 times higher, 1:10,000 – 1.81 times higher, respectively. Conclusions. The plants of A. plantago-aquatica species are capable of affecting the populations of E. rhusiopathiae pathogenic bacteria via the secretion of biologically active substances into the environment. The consequences of this interaction are positive for the abovementioned bacteria, which is demon- strated by the increase in the density of their populations in the experiment compared to the control. The intensity of the stimulating effect on the populations of E. rhusiopathiae in the root diffusates of A. plantago-aquatica is re- ciprocally dependent on the degree of their dilution. The investigated impact of water plantain on erysipelothrixes should be related to the topical type of biocenotic connections, the formation of which between the test species in the ecosystems might promote maintaining the potential of natural focus of rabies. Keywords: Alisma plantago-aquatica, in vivo secretions, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, population density, topical type of connections.

In-vivo evaluation of lipid lowering ability of Chloris paraguaiensis extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Pavani C H
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
And Control

Hyperlipidemia is the immediate results of the excessive fat intake in food. This results in the elevated levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood. This leads to heart conditions like CAD, hypertension, congestive heart failure as risk factors which can be lethal. There are many drugs to treat and control the lipids levels in the body. These drugs are either designed to prevent LDL accumulation and VLDL synthesis. Some drugs also lower the elevated levels of saturated lipids in the body. But many drugs are known to cause side effects and adverse effects; therefore, alternatives to the drugs are the subjects for current investigations. Herbs and medicinal plants are used as treatment sources for many years. They have been used in the Indian medical systems like Ayurveda, Siddha etc. As the application of herbs in the treatment is growing, there is an urgent need for the establishment of Pharmacological reasoning and standardization of the activity of the medicinal plants. Chloris paraguaiensis Steud. is Poyaceae member that is called locally as Uppugaddi. Traditionally it is used to treat Rheumatism, Diabetes, fever and diarrhoea. The chemical constituents are known to have anti-oxidant properties and most of the anti-oxidants have anti-hyperlipidemic activity too. Since the plant has abundant flavonoid and phenol content, the current research focusses on the investigation of the anti-hyperlipidemic activity of the plant Chloris extracts. Extracts of Chloris at 200mg/kg showed a comparably similar anti hyperlipidemia activity to that of the standard drug. The extracts showed a dose based increase in the activity at 100 and 200mg/kg body weight.

scholarly journals Stage-dependent effect of deferoxamine on growth of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro

Blood ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1250-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Whitehead ◽  
TE Peto
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Clinical Malaria ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Parasite Development ◽  
And Control ◽  
Speed Of Onset

Abstract Deferoxamine (DF) has antimalarial activity that can be demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. This study is designed to examine the speed of onset and stage dependency of growth inhibition by DF and to determine whether its antimalarial activity is cytostatic or cytocidal. Growth inhibition was assessed by suppression of hypoxanthine incorporation and differences in morphologic appearance between treated and control parasites. Using synchronized in vitro cultures of Plasmodium falciparum, growth inhibition by DF was detected within a single parasite cycle. Ring and nonpigmented trophozoite stages were sensitive to the inhibitory effect of DF but cytostatic antimalarial activity was suggested by evidence of parasite recovery in later cycles. However, profound growth inhibition, with no evidence of subsequent recovery, occurred when pigmented trophozoites and early schizonts were exposed to DF. At this stage in parasite development, the activity of DF was cytocidal and furthermore, the critical period of exposure may be as short as 6 hours. These observations suggest that iron chelators may have a role in the treatment of clinical malaria.

Porphyrin-lipid nanovesicles (Porphysomes) are effective photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy

Nanophotonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keegan Guidolin ◽  
Lili Ding ◽  
Juan Chen ◽  
Brian C. Wilson ◽  
Gang Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Intrinsic Structure ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Theranostic Agents ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
And Control ◽  
Complete Tumor

Abstract Porphysomes (PS) are liposome-like nanoparticles comprising pyropheophorbide-conjugated phospholipids that have demonstrated potential as multimodal theranostic agents for applications that include phototherapies, targeted drug delivery and in vivo fluorescence, photoacoustic, magnetic resonance or positron emission imaging. Previous therapeutic applications focused primarily on photothermal therapy (PTT) and suggested that PSs require target-triggered activation for use as photodynamic therapy (PDT) sensitizers. Here, athymic nude mice bearing subcutaneous A549 human lung tumors were randomized into treatment and control groups: PS-PDT at various doses, PS-only and no treatment negative controls, as well as positive controls using the clinical photosensitizer Photofrin. Animals were followed for 30 days post-treatment. PS-PDT at all doses demonstrated a significant tumor ablative effect, with the greatest effect seen with 10 mg/kg PS at a drug-light interval of 24 h. By comparison, negative controls (PS-only, Photofrin-only, and no treatment) showed uncontrolled tumor growth. PDT with Photofrin at 5 mg/kg and PS at 10 mg/kg demonstrated similar tumor growth suppression and complete tumor response rates (15 vs. 25%, p = 0.52). Hence, porphysome nanoparticles are an effective PDT agent and have the additional advantages of multimodal diagnostic and therapeutic applications arising from their intrinsic structure. Porphysomes may also be the first single all-organic agent capable of concurrent PDT and PTT.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document