Model prediction on the reliability of fixed bed reactor for ammonia production

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Mole Fraction ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Ammonia Production ◽  
Feed Composition ◽  
Optimum Yield ◽  
Functional Parameters ◽  
Yield Factor

In this research work Haber process was employed to examine the reliability of the functional parameters and coefficient on ammonia production using the fixed bed reactor with hydrogen gas and nitrogen used as the main source of the reactant. Mathematical models were developed to monitor and predict the effectiveness factors, nitrogen fractional conversion, temperature, component mole fraction, hydrogen mole fraction, and ammonia mole fraction profile for the various cases considered during the investigation. The simulated parameters for case 1, 2 and 3 for components of total feed flow, pressure, reactor bed volume and feed composition influence the reliability of the functional parameters and the coefficient of the fixed bed reactor for optimum yield of ammonia. The developed models were simulated using Matlab program to evaluate the functional parameters and the results obtained from the system in terms of optimum yield factor indicate 30% to 34% increase in ammonia production. The increase in the performance evaluation concept revealed the reliability of the developed model in monitoring and predicting the rate of production of ammonia in a fixed bed reactor.

State-of-the-art in methane-reforming reactor modeling: challenges and new insights

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Fabrik ◽  
Amgad Salama ◽  
Hussameldin Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Methane Reforming ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Reactor Modeling ◽  
Industrial Practice ◽  
Work Done

Abstract The reforming of methane is an important industrial process, and reactor modeling and simulation is frequently employed as a design and analysis tool in understanding this process. While much research work is devoted to catalyst formulations, reaction mechanisms, and reactor designs, this review aims to summarize the literature concerning the simulation of methane reforming. Applications in industrial practice are highlighted, and the three main approaches to representing the reactions are briefly discussed. An overview of simulation studies focusing on methane reforming is presented. The three central methods for fixed-bed reactor modeling are discussed. Various approaches and modern examples are discussed, presenting their modeling methods and key findings. The overall objective of this paper is to provide a dedicated review of simulation work done for methane reforming and provide a reference for understanding this field and identifying possible new paths.

The Optimization of an Ammonia Synthesis Reactor Using Genetic Algorithm

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Taghi Sadeghi ◽  
Azam Kavianiboroujeni
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Ammonia Synthesis ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Ammonia Production ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Quench Temperature

An industrial ammonia synthesis reactor was studied in order to optimize its operational conditions by means of increasing overall ammonia production. A heterogeneous, one-dimensional model and a two-dimensional rigorous model were utilized to evaluate the process behavior. The simulation results of the two models were compared with data from an industrial ammonia plant. The one-dimensional model was found to be adequate for optimization purposes. Applying the Genetic Algorithm (GA) as a powerful method for complex problems, the model was employed to optimize the reactor performance in varying its quench flows. The optimal temperature profile along the fixed bed reactor was studied by changing independent variables including the quench temperature and the quench flow rates. Optimization results show that the optimum quench temperature is about 615°K and that the optimum quench flows can enhance ammonia production rate by 3.3%.

Steam Gasification for Biomass Tar with Natural Ores of Limonite and Dolomite

2012 ◽  
Vol 608-609 ◽  
pp. 201-205
Author(s):  
Liu Yun Li ◽  
Hiroo Kunii ◽  
Masamitsu Yamauchi ◽  
Hee Joon Kim ◽  
Tadaaki Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Steam Gasification ◽  
Reactor System ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Carbon Oxides ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
Biomass Tar ◽  
Reaction Equilibrium

Light gases were produced from biomass tar gasification using limonite and dolomite as catalysts. Experiments were performed in a fixed bed reactor with the gasification temperatures of 600–800 °C. Limonite gave the obvious effect on the tar gasification, and the light gases of hydrogen and carbon oxides were mainly obtained. Also, the gas yields depended on the catalytic temperature. Hydrogen yields tend to increasing with temperatures from 650 to 800 °C. The reaction equilibrium was changed by dolomite addition in the reactor system; hydrogen gas was doubled with the limonite and dolomite mixture compared to limonite only.

Gasification of Biomass in a Fixed Bed Reactor

2014 ◽  
Vol 875-877 ◽  
pp. 1831-1836
Author(s):  
Arnoldo Emilio Delgado ◽  
Oscar F.S. Avilés ◽  
William Aperador
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Gaseous Mixture ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Clean Fuels

Currently, there are different kinds of alternative fuels called "clean fuels" within which hydrogen gas is considered. The hydrogen can be produced by various methods. The aim of this research is producing hydrogen gas by gasification of biomass in a fixed bed reactor, using a gaseous mixture with a high energy potential.

scholarly journals Preparation of Pt-Zeolite Catalyst for Conversion of n-Octanol

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-97
Author(s):  
I Made Sadiana ◽  
Iip Izul Falah ◽  
Triyono Triyono
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Zeolite Catalyst ◽  
Catalyst Activity ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Activity Increase ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Nitrogen Stream ◽  
Oxygen Gas

Pt-zeolite catalyst has been prepared by immersing a sample of zeolite in PtCl4 solution. After separation, the sample was dried and calcinated at 550 °C for 4 hours under nitrogen stream. Furthermore, the sample was oxidized with oxygen gas at 350 °C for 2 hours and reduced with hydrogen gas at 400 °C for 2 hours. Total amount of impregnated metal, acidity and surface are of the samples were determined by using atomic absorption spectrophotometric, gravimetric and gas sorption methods, respectively. The activity test was done in a fixed bed reactor and the results of the reaction were analyzed by using gas chromatograph. The result of the characterization showed that the higher total amount of impregnated metal, the lower the surface area and total volume of pores. The acidity and the catalyst activity increase with the increasing of the total amount of impregnated metal. The flow rate of feed and temperature reaction also influence yield conversion. The optimum yield of n-octanol conversion was obtained at 400 °C with the showest flow rate of n-octanol and flow rate of H2 gas was equal to 40 mL/minute.

Kinetics of H2S Sorption on Manganese Oxide and Mn-Fe-Cu Mixed Oxide Prepared by the Complexation Technique

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinar Caglayan ◽  
Sena Yasyerli ◽  
Irfan Ar ◽  
Gulsen Dogu ◽  
Timur Dogu
Keyword(s):  
Manganese Oxide ◽  
Mixed Oxide ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Retention Capacity

Hydrogen sulfide sorption activities of manganese oxide and Mn-Fe-Cu mixed oxide sorbents were examined in a fixed bed reactor. Sulfur retention capacity of Mn-O sorbent was found to be quite high at 600 °C both in the absence and presence of hydrogen gas (0.17 and 0.14 g S/g sorbent, respectively). This sorbent has a high porosity and a relatively high surface area. Best regeneration temperature of this sorbent was found as 700 °C, with a gas stream containing 6% oxygen in nitrogen. Mn-Fe-Cu mixed oxide sorbent had a lower sulfur retention capacity (0.07 g S/g sorbent). However, both of these sorbents gave quite high initial sorption rate constants, resulting very sharp breakthrough curves. Deactivation model was shown to give good agreement with the experimental H2S breakthrough curves.

HAZOP study of a fixed bed reactor for MTBE synthesis using a dynamic approach

2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juraj Labovský ◽  
Zuzana Švandová ◽  
Jozef Markoš ◽  
L’udovít Jelemenský
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Process Unit ◽  
Feed Composition ◽  
Tertiary Butyl ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractA methodology for hazard investigation based on the integration of a mathematical model approach into hazard and operability analysis is presented. This approach is based on mathematical modelling of a process unit where both steady-state analysis, including analysis of the steady states multiplicity and stability, and dynamic simulation are used. The dynamic simulation serves for the investigation of consequences of failures of the main controlled parameters, i.e. inlet temperature, feed temperature and feed composition. This simulation is also very useful for the determination of the influence of failure duration on the reactor behaviour. On the other hand, the steady state simulation can predict the reactor behaviour in a wide range of failure magnitude and determine the parametric zones, where shifting from one steady state to another one may occur. A fixed bed reactor for methyl tertiary-butyl ether synthesis was chosen to identify potential hazard and operational problems of a real process.

scholarly journals Dehydration of 2,3-Butanediol to 1,3-Butadiene and Methyl Ethyl Ketone: Modeling, Numerical Analysis and Validation Using Pilot-Scale Reactor Data

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 999
Author(s):  
Daesung Song ◽  
Sung-Yong Cho ◽  
Toan-Thang Vu ◽  
Hoang-Phi-Yen Duong ◽  
Eunkyu Kim
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Reactor Model ◽  
Feed Composition ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Operation Conditions

This work presents the numerical analysis and validation of a fixed bed reactor model for 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO) dehydration. The 1D heterogeneous reactor model considering interfacial and intra-particle gradients, was simulated and numerical analysis of the model was conducted to understand the characteristics of the reactions in a catalyst along the reactor length. The model was also validated by comparing predicted performance data with pilot-scale plant data operated at 0.2 bar, 299–343 °C and 0.48–2.02 h−1 of weight hourly space velocity (WHSV). The model showed good agreement with the temperature profile, 2,3-BDO conversion and selectivity of target products. In addition, sensitivity analyses of the model were investigated by changing feed flow rate, feed composition, and inlet temperature. It was found that stable and efficient operation conditions are lower than 0.65 h−1 of WHSV and 330–340 °C of inlet temperature. Additionally, the reactor performance was not affected by 2,3-BDO feed concentration above 70%.

scholarly journals Syngas Characteristics From Catalytic Gasification of Polystyrene and Pinewood in CO2 Atmosphere

2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Liu ◽  
Kiran Raj G. Burra ◽  
Zhiwei Wang ◽  
Jinhu Li ◽  
Defu Che ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mole Fraction ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Catalytic Gasification ◽  
Syngas Production ◽  
Cold Gas Efficiency ◽  
Gas Efficiency ◽  
Al2o3 Catalyst ◽  
Co2 Atmosphere ◽  
Cold Gas

Abstract Syngas production from catalytic gasification of polystyrene and pinewood in CO2 atmosphere was investigated over Ni-Mg/Al2O3 catalyst in a fixed-bed reactor at 900 °C. A quasi in situ method was adopted for catalytic gasification wherein the catalyst placed downstream of the feedstock in the same reactor was used for enhanced syngas production. The effect of catalyst on evolutionary behavior, cumulative syngas yield, syngas composition, and cold gas efficiency was systematically analyzed. The results showed that addition of catalyst for polystyrene gasification resulted in enhanced yields of 63% H2, 20% CO, 119% CH4, and 85% C2-C3 yields. Enhanced H2 and light hydrocarbon yields were mainly from enhanced cracking of pyrolytic vapors from polystyrene degradation, while the CO yield was attributed to CO2-assisted reforming of benzene derivatives from primary cracking and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from secondary gas phase condensations. The yields of H2, CO, CH4, and C2-C3 from pinewood gasification in the presence of catalyst was also enhanced by 150%, 14%, 39%, and 16%, respectively, indicating that Ni-Mg/Al2O3 catalyst can efficiently enhance syngas production in CO2-assisted gasification. A comparison of syngas composition between non-catalytic and catalytic conditions revealed improved syngas quality in catalytic gasification with increased H2 mole fraction but decreased CO mole fraction. Furthermore, cold gas efficiency enhanced from 44% to 57% in catalytic polystyrene gasification, and from 75% to 94% in catalytic pinewood gasification. The results suggest that catalytic CO2 gasification offers a promising pathway for efficient energy production from wastes plastics and biomass while simultaneously using CO2.

scholarly journals Production of CO-rich Hydrogen Gas from Methane Dry Reforming over Co/CeO2 Catalyst

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bamidele V. Ayodele ◽  
Maksudur R. Khan ◽  
Chin Kui Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Dry Reforming ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Methane Dry Reforming ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

<p>Production of CO-rich hydrogen gas from methane dry reforming was investigated over CeO<sub>2</sub>-supported Co catalyst. The catalyst was synthesized by wet impregnation and subsequently characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), liquid N<sub>2</sub> adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for the structure, surface and thermal properties. The catalytic activity test of the Co/CeO<sub>2</sub> was investigated between 923-1023 K under reaction conditions in a stainless steel fixed bed reactor. The composition of the products (CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>) from the methane dry reforming reaction was measured by gas chromatography (GC) coupled with thermal conductivity detector (TCD). The effects of feed ratios and reaction temperatures were investigated on the catalytic activity toward product selectivity, yield, and syngas ratio. Significantly, the selectivity and yield of both H<sub>2</sub> and CO increases with feed ratio and temperature. However, the catalyst shows higher activity towards CO selectivity. The highest H<sub>2</sub> and CO selectivity of 19.56% and 20.95% respectively were obtained at 1023 K while the highest yield of 41.98% and 38.05% were recorded for H<sub>2</sub> and CO under the same condition. Copyright © 2016 BCREC GROUP. All rights reserved</p><p><em>Received: 21<sup>st</sup> January 2016; Revised: 23<sup>rd</sup> February 2016; Accepted: 23<sup>rd</sup> February 2016</em></p><p><strong>How to Cite:</strong> Ayodele, B.V., Khan, M.R., Cheng, C. K. (2016). Production of CO-rich Hydrogen Gas from Methane Dry Reforming over Co/CeO<sub>2</sub> Catalyst. <em>Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering &amp; Catalysi</em>s, 11 (2): 210-219 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.11.2.552.210-219)</p><p><strong>Permalink/DOI:</strong> http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.11.2.552.210-219</p>

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