scholarly journals Declining Carbon Emission/Concentration during COVID-19: A critical review on temporary relief

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joydip Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Anthropogenic Emissions ◽  
Air Contaminants ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Temporary Relief ◽  
Toxicological Profile ◽  
Carbon Release ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Industry Sectors

In December 2019 the deadly pandemic COVID-19 traumatized mankind through its lethal impact. To seize the outbreak, nationwide/region-based lockdown strategies were adopted by most of the COVID-19 affected countries. This in turn resulted in restricted transportation via surface, water, and air, as well as significantly reduced working hours of the industry sectors, so on and so forth. The obvious outcome was a sudden discernible decline in atmospheric adulteration. Accordingly, the anthropogenic emissions at the global and regional/local scales were examined during the lockdown period by several researchers using both or either satellite-based and ground-based monitoring. Among several other air-contaminants, carbon has a dominant toxicological profile causing adverse health effects and thereby attracting researches interest in carbon-release probing during the systematic confinement period imposed by the ruling authorities across the globe. The results of those studies indicated a confirmed decline in carbon emission/concentration making the air more breathable for the period. In this review, the studies related to anthropogenic emissions of carbon during the lockdown period are accounted for by compiling the recently reported data from published articles.

Inter-Relational Dynamics of Various HR Aspects in High Altitude Illness Attrition

2020 ◽  
pp. 114-132
Author(s):  
Ajeya Jha ◽  
Ajay Dheer ◽  
Vijay Kumar Mehta ◽  
Saibal Kumar Saha
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Relational Dynamics ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Personal Stress ◽  
High Altitude Illness ◽  
And Performance

The adverse health effects of high altitude are of considerable importance since they may seriously interfere with working efficiency of an organization that is actively involved with inescapable duties. The objective of the current study is to explore inter-relational dynamics of various HR aspects in HAIA. The HR aspects included are job delay, poor team, motivation, less leave, high working hours, poor decision making, personal stress, family stress, personal discomfort, uncertainty, poor relations, health, accidents, quality and performance. A decision-making trial and an evaluation laboratory have been used to explore the inter-relation dynamics of various factors of HR. The results indicate that personal stress has the highest impact priority which is followed by poor performance, poor team and motivation. Uncertainty, less leave, and high working hours has the least impact priority. It is also found that high working hours, less leave and poor health are the major causes whereas decrease in motivation and poor quality of work are the major results.

Adequacy of Australia's GP workforce: estimating supply and demand, 2005–06 to 2015–16

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Dingwall ◽  
Joan Henderson ◽  
Helena Britt ◽  
Christopher Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Service Utilisation ◽  
Australian Study ◽  
Hours Worked ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Gp Services ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Current Concerns ◽  
Calculated Average

Objective A 2011 Australian study calculated average annual general practitioner (GP) utilisation and predicted numbers required to meet demand to 2020. The objective of the present study is to calculate average annual GP utilisation in 2015–16 compared with clinical demand predicted in 2005–06. Methods Demand was calculated from Medicare Benefits Schedule, Department of Veterans’ Affairs and Australian Bureau of Statistics data. Length of consultation and average clinical hours worked per week (from 2002–03 to 2015–16) was drawn from GP self-reported data collected through the Bettering the Evaluation And Care of Health (BEACH) program. GP workforce numbers were sourced from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare ‘Medical practitioners workforce 2015’ report. Results Predicted demand from 2005–06 to 2009–10 approximated GP supply. Beyond 2011, approximately 2674 additional GPs were required in 2015–16 to maintain the average annual 2005–06 GP workload. An additional 5941 GPs were required to meet the increase in clinical demand (for GP services to patients) from 2005–06 to 2015–16. Conclusions The number of GP clinical hours worked decreased, and clinical demand increased. Ongoing efforts are required to ensure the supply of GPs to meet the clinical demand of Australia’s aging population. What is known about this topic? For the past three decades there has been concern about the supply of GPs in Australia. In recent years the Australian Government has taken several steps to improve access to GP services by increasing the overall supply of GPs and encouraging a more even distribution of GPs across Australia. A 2011 Australian study calculated average annual GP service utilisation and predicted the number of GPs required to meet clinical demand to 2020. There are current concerns that the GP workforce has reached a state of oversupply. What does this paper add? This study concludes that the GP workforce is not in a state of oversupply, confirming that patient clinical demand increased through both population growth and the aging of the population. Although the number of GPs increased, the number of clinical hours worked by (male) GPs decreased. Therefore, the rise in the number of GPs did not result in a proportional rise in GP workforce capacity. Clearly standardised definitions and inclusions for counting the GP workforce would improve accuracy in measuring this section of the health workforce. What are the implications for practitioners? GP workforce supply will require ongoing monitoring over coming years considering the increasing population, the aging of the population, declining clinical GP working hours and the approaching mass retirement of older GPs.

scholarly journals Declining Carbon Emission/Concentration during COVID-19: A critical review on temporary relief

Carbon Trends ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 100131
Author(s):  
Arpita Adhikari ◽  
Joydip Sengupta ◽  
Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Temporary Relief

scholarly journals Noise and the city: Leveraging crowdsourced big data to examine the spatio-temporal relationship between urban development and noise annoyance

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 1201-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Hong ◽  
Byoungjun Kim ◽  
Michael Widener
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Noise Annoyance ◽  
Major Development ◽  
Citizen Complaints ◽  
After Hours ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Noise is one of the most frequent complaints and represents a public health hazard. While traffic-related noise has been studied extensively, research on construction noise has been lacking. In this study, we examined the relationship between construction activities and noise annoyance and tested whether this relationship is stronger after working hours. Data were drawn from a historical inventory of major development projects and crowdsourced citizen complaints data (311 calls) in Vancouver, Canada from 2011 to 2016. Mixed effects models were developed with an interaction between construction activities and after-hours report. Results show that neighborhood noise complaints were significantly associated with major constructions (IRR = 1.062, 95% CI = 1.024–1.097). A significant interaction effect was also found between construction activities and after-hours reporting (IRR = 1.050 CI = 1.012–1.087). To our knowledge, this is one of the first studies to empirically show the adverse effects of urban development on noise annoyance. The results imply that existing noise bylaws may not be effective in restricting construction activities at night and during sleeping hours, which may cause adverse health effects.

Management of low back pain in Australian emergency departments

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 826-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni E Ferreira ◽  
Gustavo C Machado ◽  
Christina Abdel Shaheed ◽  
Chung-Wei Christine Lin ◽  
Chris Needs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Reported Data

BackgroundTo describe the diagnoses of people who present to the emergency department (ED) with low back pain (LBP), the proportion of people with a lumbar spine condition who arrived by ambulance, received imaging, opioids and were admitted to hospital; and to explore factors associated with these four outcomes.MethodsIn this retrospective study, we analysed electronic medical records for all adults presenting with LBP at three Australian EDs from January 2016 to June 2018. Outcomes included discharge diagnoses and key aspects of care (ambulance transport, lumbar spine imaging, provision of opioids, admission). We explored factors associated with these care outcomes using multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression models and reported data as ORs.ResultsThere were 14 024 presentations with a ‘visit reason’ for low back pain, of which 6393 (45.6%) had a diagnosis of a lumbar spine condition. Of these, 31.4% arrived by ambulance, 23.6% received lumbar imaging, 69.6% received opioids and 17.6% were admitted to hospital. Older patients (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.56 to 2.04) were more likely to be imaged. Opioids were less used during working hours (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.98) and in patients with non-serious LBP compared with patients with serious spinal pathology (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.55). Hospital admission was more likely to occur during working hours (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.48 to 2.05) and for those who arrived by ambulance (OR 2.98, 95% CI 2.53 to 3.51).ConclusionMany ED presentations of LBP were not due to a lumbar spine condition. Of those that were, we noted relatively high rates of lumbar imaging, opioid use and hospital admission.

Managerial support

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Travaglione ◽  
Brenda Scott-Ladd ◽  
Justin Hancock ◽  
Joshua Chang
Keyword(s):  
Union Membership ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Employee Perceptions ◽  
Pay Equity ◽  
Managerial Support ◽  
Environment Control ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Industry Sectors ◽  
Skill Shortages

This study investigates how Australian employees perceive managerial support and the influence of union membership on their perception of managerial support using data from 4124 employed persons in Australia across a range of industry sectors. The results indicate that employee perceptions of the work environment (control over working hours, job security, pay equity and safety) influence their perceptions of managerial support, regardless of union membership. The findings imply that managers have a critical role to play in supporting the needs of employees, particularly as organizations confront the challenges posed by aging workforces, growing skill shortages and an increasingly diverse and mobile workforce. This article addresses the call for organizations to provide more support to their employees from governments and management scholars. It also addresses the issue of managers taking on greater prerogative as employee advocates in the light of declining union influence.

scholarly journals Investigation of Hematological and Biochemical Profiles of Tannery Workers Exposed to Chromium in Hazaribagh, Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adua Rahman ◽  
Md. Fahimur Rahman ◽  
Jobaida Akther ◽  
A. H. M. Nurun Nabi ◽  
Laila N. Islam
Keyword(s):  
Liver Damage ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Hematological Disorders ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Biochemical Profiles ◽  
Tannery Workers ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters

Occupational exposure to chromium used in mineral tanning processes cause adverse health effects on workers of leather tanning industries. This study aimed to evaluate the hematological and biochemical profiles in tannery workers of Hazaribagh, Bangladesh compared with a control group. A total of 225 participants, 121 tannery workers and 104 controls, were enrolled. All subjects completed interviewer-administered questionnaires; their physical health was examined, blood samples were collected and the hematological and biochemical parameters were analyzed. The tannery workers had mean duration of work exposure at tanneries for 13.1±9.7 years, and working hours per day of 10.7±2.3 which were significantly higher than 7.6±2.2 of the controls. Previous results showed long-term exposed tannery workers had significantly higher serum chromium concentrations than controls. The tanners had dermatological problems, infections on body surfaces, and respiratory ailments, among other complaints. The red blood cell count, hematocrit (48.91 %) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (29.39 g/dL) were lower in tannery workers but hemoglobin (14.58±1.30 g/dL) was significantly lower than in the controls (15.96±0.88 g/dL). The tanners had significantly lower neutrophil (51.31 %), higher lymphocyte (41.82 %), monocyte (2.44 %) and eosinophil (4.17 %) counts. Their mean creatinine and alkaline phosphatase values were normal but markers of liver damage, alanine transaminase (42.7±39.3 U/L) and aspartate transaminase (44.3±20.5 U/L), and liver dysfunction marker - bilirubin (1.04±0.85 mg/dL) levels were significantly higher. These findings suggest that exposure to chromium poses serious threats to the health of tannery workers who are at risk of toxicity related liver damage and hematological disorders.

scholarly journals Optimization of Inter-industry Carbon Emission Transfer Structure Based on Decoupling Effects: an empirical analysis from Chinese industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 04020
Author(s):  
Licheng Sun ◽  
Lingling Jiang ◽  
Biying Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Industrial Carbon ◽  
Dynamic Variations ◽  
Chinese Industry ◽  
Transfer Structure ◽  
Industry Sectors ◽  
Industrial Economic

This paper utilizes 27 Chinese industry sectors as study objects, and measures the decoupling effects of the industrial carbon emission transfer; furthermore, this paper proposes several optimizing strategies for an inter-industry carbon emission transfer structure toward the realization of dual goals, i.e., industrial economic development and industrial carbon emission reduction. The research result shows that: Different industries show different decoupling effects of carbon emission transfer, and the distribution of the six states of decoupling effects could all be observed. With respect to dynamic variations, the decoupling effects of industrial carbon emission transfer were optimal during the late stage, and the decoupling effects during 2010-2012 were the most optimal. With respect to the optimizing strategies for the inter-industry carbon emission transfer, efforts should be focused on increasing the carbon emission exports, while reducing the carbon emission imports of 11 industries (CMWI and others). Future efforts should be directed at increasing carbon emission imports and reducing carbon emission exports in the three industries of CLII, PPSM, and MPI, while increasing both carbon emission exports and imports in 10 industries (FMTP and others), and reducing both carbon emission imports and exports in the three industries of MMII, OMW, and WRT.

scholarly journals Monitoring of Indoor Ultrafine Particulate Matter at the Sites of the Czech Armed Forces

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva KELLNEROVÁ ◽  
Zbyněk VEČEŘA ◽  
Josef KELLNER ◽  
Tomáš ZEMAN
Keyword(s):  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Ultra Fine Particles

Ultrafine particles and nanoparticles in the air are evaluated as a risk factor for the development of respiratory and other healthsymptoms due to their inhalation from the ambient air. The Czech Army professionals are expected to have frequent presence in apolluted environment and regular exposure to air with increased concentration of airborne pollutants. The report evaluates the presenceof ultra-fine particles (in the range of about 7.6–299.6 nm) in rooms often used by soldiers during their working hours whenthey are not deployed. The purpose is to assess whether the presence of troops in these workplaces is safe and does not pose a riskof adverse health effects in itself. Testing took place in three military rooms (classroom 1, classroom 2 and exercise flight simulatorroom). Seven samples of air were analysed in time by the scanning mobility particle sizer in succession. Mean particle concentrationswere found at 1.79×104, 7.53×103 and 8.39×103 N·cm-3 for the classroom 1, classroom 2 and exercise flight simulator room.Conclusions of the research have shown that particle concentrations in the places of the Czech Army can reach values that borderthe immission limits stated by the World Health Organisation.

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