scholarly journals Electrospray characteristics of aqueous KCl solutions with various electrical conductivities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahand Faraji ◽  
Behnam Sadri ◽  
Babak Vajdi Hokmabad ◽  
Esmaeil Esmaeilzadeh ◽  
Navid Jadidoleslam
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
High Voltage Electrode ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Conductivity Variation ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
Stainless Steel Ring

In the present experimental study, the effects of electrical conductivity on electrospraying procedure are investigated.A metallic nozzle with 600 m ID as high voltage electrode and a stainless steel ring as a groundelectrode were employed. Experiments were carried out in still room temperature. Four different aqueous KClsolutions were sprayed in various high voltages and flow rates. Results confirm that spraying modes changeswith conductivity variation. For forming a cone shape, emerging from the nozzle, required applied electric fielddecreases with conductivity increasing. Results also revealed that conductivity of dispersed solution acts a mainrole on forming and elongation of the cones in electrospraying procedure. The size and velocity of emanateddroplets are also investigated in order to gaining some insight to the electrospraying phenomenon.

Temperature Dependence of the Electrical Conductivity of Poly(Benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b'] Dithiophene-4,8-Diyl Vinylene) and Poly(Dodecylthiophene)

1997 ◽  
Vol 488 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C Hyer ◽  
R. G. Pethe ◽  
T. Yogi ◽  
S. C. Sharma ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Thermal Fluctuation ◽  
Variable Range Hopping ◽  
Tunneling Model ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Electrical Conductivities

AbstractWe present results for the electrical conductivity (σ) of thin films of poly(benzo[1,2-b:4,5- b']dithiophene-4,8-diyl vinylene) (PBDV) and poly (dodecylthiophene) (PDDT) as a function of temperature in the range 15-295K. The polymers were doped with FeC13 and PF6 which resulted in electrical conductivities differing by two orders of magnitude at room temperature. We examine three sets of σ(T)-data by using the variable-range hopping (VRH) model that predicts a linear relationship between ln(T1/2σ) and T1/4. We observe a change in the slope of the ln(T1/2σ) vs T14 relationship in all three samples at low temperatures. We also analyze the temperature dependence of the resistivity of PBDV by using the thermal fluctuation-induced tunneling model.

Plasma Generation

1983 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Pfender
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Hydrogen Plasma ◽  
Plasma Temperature ◽  
Thermonuclear Fusion ◽  
Neutral Species ◽  
Plasma Generation ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
Copper Plasma

In general, a plasma consists of a mixture of electrons, ions,and neutral species. Although there are free electric charges in a plasma, negative and positive charges compensate each other, i.e. overall a plasma is electrically neutral, a property which is known as quasi-neutrality. In contrast to an ordinary gas, the free electric charges in a plasma give rise to high electrical conductivities which may even surpass those of metals. A hydrogen plasma, for example, at atmospheric pressure heated to temperatures of 106 K, has the same electrical conductivity as copper at room temperature. As the plasma temperature increases, the electrical conductivity increases beyond that of copper. Plasma temperatures of the order of 106 K and above are typical for thermonuclear fusion experiments.

scholarly journals Boosting the Power Factor of Benzodithiophene Based Donor–Acceptor Copolymers/SWCNTs Composites through Doping

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1447
Author(s):  
Zhongming Chen ◽  
Mengfei Lai ◽  
Lirong Cai ◽  
Wenqiao Zhou ◽  
Dexun Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Power Factor ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Seebeck Coefficients ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Donor Acceptor ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

In this study, a benzodithiophene (BDT)-based donor (D)–acceptor (A) polymer containing carbazole segment in the side-chain was designed and synthesized and the thermoelectric composites with 50 wt % of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were prepared via ultrasonication method. Strong interfacial interactions existed in both of the composites before and after immersing into the 2,3,5,6-Tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ) solution as confirmed by UV-Vis-NIR, Raman, XRD and SEM characterizations. After doping the composites by F4TCNQ, the electrical conductivity of the composites increased from 120.32 S cm−1 to 1044.92 S cm−1 in the room temperature. With increasing the temperature, the electrical conductivities and Seebeck coefficients of the undoped composites both decreased significantly for the composites; the power factor at 475 K was only 6.8 μW m−1 K−2, which was about nine times smaller than the power factor at room temperature (55.9 μW m−1 K−2). In the case of doped composites, although the electrical conductivity was deceased from 1044.9 S cm−1 to 504.17 S cm−1, the Seebeck coefficient increased from 23.76 μV K−1 to 35.69 μW m−1 K−2, therefore, the power factors of the doped composites were almost no change with heating the composite films.

Experimental study of a modified dual-type high-voltage electrode for electrostatic separation applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 232-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdeldjalil Reguig ◽  
Abdelber Bendaoud ◽  
Peyman Dordizadeh ◽  
Abdelhady Regab Salama ◽  
Sara Messal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
High Voltage Electrode ◽  
Electrostatic Separation

Stimulated Dissociation of Complex Ions and Structural Relaxation in Molten Non-Equilibrium MgCl2 and ZnCl2

2014 ◽  
Vol 595 ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.M. Shabanov ◽  
S.I. Suleimanov ◽  
В.Y. Gyulov ◽  
A.O. Magomedova
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Equilibrium State ◽  
Raman Spectra ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Structural Relaxation ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Complex Ions ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
Pulsed Fields ◽  
Non Equilibrium

On exposure of high-voltage microsecond pulsed fields the molten salts pass into a non-equilibrium state with disappearance of the characteristic peaks of the Raman spectra and increased electrical conductivity. In the course of the relaxation of nonequilibrium melts their Raman spectra and electrical conductivities are restored to the values and features specific to equilibrium systems in over about 10 minutes.

scholarly journals Investigation of The Effects of Temperature on Physical, Mechanical And Electrical Conductivity Properties in AISI 310S Austenitic Stainless Steel

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-184
Author(s):  
Handan Özlü Torun ◽  
Vedat Taşdemir ◽  
Süleyman Kerli
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Resistance Value ◽  
Conductivity Behavior

In our study, annealing was done to AISI 310S stainless steel at 800 °C. The effects of these annealing on structural, morphological, mechanical and electrical conductivities were investigated. From XRD results, it has been observed that the material is austenite and cubic in nature. SEM analysis has shown that the surface of AISI 310S steel changes with temperature. The tensile test of the material was made and it was observed that the tensile strength of the material decreased with the effect of temperature. In addition, the conductivity behavior of AISI 310S steel was measured with four probe technique depending on heat treatment. As a result of the measurements, it was observed that the resistance value increased and the conductivity value decreased in the heat treated material.

Investigation on Microstructure and Properties of Heavily Cold Rolled Cu-Fe Alloys

2010 ◽  
Vol 150-151 ◽  
pp. 847-851
Author(s):  
Zhi Ming Zhou ◽  
Li Wen Tang ◽  
Min Min Cao ◽  
Bin Bin Lei
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Vacuum Induction Melting ◽  
Induction Melting ◽  
Master Alloys ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Fe Alloys ◽  
Rolling Strain

CuFe10 and CuFe15 (mass fraction) alloys were prepared by vacuum induction melting and were cold rolled heavily at room temperature. Microstructure, microhardness and electrical conductivity of these alloys were measured at various cold rolled strain levels. The experimental results showed that the microhardness increased rapidly and the electrical conductivity decreases gradually with the increase of rolling strain at first. The microhardness increased slowly while the strain η greater than 2.3. The Fe-rich phases are deformed to ribbons filaments. However, the electrical conductivity increases again after deforming to a certain degree. The final electrical conductivities of heavily cold rolled CuFe10 and CuFe15 alloys were slight lower than vacuum inducing melted master alloys, however, the microhardness had increased about 44% and 47%, respectively.

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