scholarly journals Potential of range extender electric vehicles (REEVS)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibham Veza ◽  
Muhammad Faizullizam Roslan ◽  
Mohd Farid Muhamad Said ◽  
Zulkarnain Abdul Latiff
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Low Temperature Combustion ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Market Penetration ◽  
Battery Electric Vehicles ◽  
Range Extender ◽  
Temperature Combustion

Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) is a promising technology. However, it suffers from low range characteristics thus increasing the anxiety to prospect customers and hindering its market penetration. To overcome this challenge, a range extender that can generate additional power to charge the battery could be the solution. This brief review article will highlight the prospects and challenges of range extender technology for electric vehicles. A number of automobile manufacturers have launched their Range Extended Electric Vehicles (REEVs) models and the detailed comparison will be given. Several types of range extenders will be discussed, including the internal combustion engine, microturbine, and fuel cell. Lastly, this report will suggest the use of Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) i.e Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine be utilised as range extenders for electric vehicles.

scholarly journals Steam and Oxyhydrogen Addition Influence on Energy Usage by Range Extender—Battery Electric Vehicles

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Łebkowski
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Battery Electric Vehicles ◽  
Range Extender

The objective of this paper is to illustrate the benefits of the influence of the steam and oxyhydrogen gas (HHO) on the composition of emitted exhaust gases and energy usage of operating the internal combustion engine (ICE) that drives a generator-powered battery electric vehicle (BEV). The employed internal combustion generating sets can be used as trailer mounted electric energy sources allowing one to increase the range of BEV vehicles, mainly during long distance travel between cities. The basic configurations of hybrid and electric propulsion systems used in a given Electric Vehicles (xEV) includes all types of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (xHEV) and Battery Electric Vehicles (xBEV), which are discussed. Using the data collected during traction tests in real road traffic (an electric car with a trailer range extender (RE) fitted with ICE generators (5 kW petrol, 6.5 kW diesel), a mathematical model was developed in the Modelica package. The elaborated mathematical model takes into account the dynamic loads acting on the set of vehicles in motion and the electric drive system assisted by the work of RE. Conducted tests with steam and HHO additives for ICE have shown reduced (5–10%) fuel consumption and emissions (3–19%) of harmful gases into the atmosphere.

A review on powertrain subsystems and charging technology in battery electric vehicles: Current and future trends

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702110259
Author(s):  
Kunal Wagh ◽  
Pankaj Dhatrak
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Local Pollution ◽  
Battery Electric Vehicles ◽  
Global Emission ◽  
Battery Technology

The transport industry is a major contributor to both local pollution and greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). The key challenge today is to mitigate the adverse impacts on the environment caused by road transportation. The volatile market prices and diminishing supplies of fuel have led to an unprecedented interest in battery electric vehicles (BEVs). In addition, improvements in motor efficiencies and significant advances in battery technology have made it easier for BEVs to compete with internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. This paper describes and assesses the latest technologies in different elements of the BEV: powertrain architectures, propulsion and regeneration systems, energy storage systems and charging techniques. The current and future trends of these technologies have been reviewed in detail. Finally, the key issue of electric vehicle component recycling (battery, motor and power electronics) has been discussed. Global emission regulations are pushing the industry towards zero or ultra-low emission vehicles. Thus, by 2025, most cars must have a considerable level of powertrain electrification. As the market share of electric vehicles increases, clear trends have emerged in the development of powertrain systems. However, some significant barriers must be overcome before appreciable market penetration can be achieved. The objective of the current study is to review and provide a complete picture of the current BEV technology and a framework to assist future research in the sector.

An Experimental Investigation of the Auto-Ignition Properties of Two C5 Esters: Methyl Butanoate and Butyl Methanoate

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Walton ◽  
Carlos Perez ◽  
Margaret S. Wooldridge
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Low Temperature Combustion ◽  
Moderate Pressure ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Auto Ignition ◽  
Methyl Butanoate ◽  
Temperature Combustion ◽  
Time Histories

Ignition studies of two small esters were performed using a rapid compression facility (RCF). The esters (methyl butanoate and butyl methanoate) were chosen to have matching molecular weights, and C:H:O ratios, while varying the lengths of the constituent alkyl chains. The effect of functional group size on ignition delay time was investigated using pressure time-histories and high speed digital imaging. The mixtures studied covered a range of conditions relevant to oxygenated fuels and fuel additives, including bio-derived fuels. Low temperature and moderate pressure conditions were selected for study due to their relevance to advanced low temperature combustion strategies, and internal combustion engine conditions. The results are discussed in terms of the reaction pathways affecting the ignition properties.

scholarly journals Impact of injection strategies on combustion characteristics, efficiency and emissions of gasoline compression ignition operation in a heavy-duty multi-cylinder engine

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1426-1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buyu Wang ◽  
Michael Pamminger ◽  
Ryan Vojtech ◽  
Thomas Wallner
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Pilot Injection ◽  
Low Temperature Combustion ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Temperature Combustion ◽  
Gas Recirculation ◽  
Direct Fuel Injection

Gasoline compression ignition using a single gasoline-type fuel for direct/port injection has been shown as a method to achieve low-temperature combustion with low engine-out NOx and soot emissions and high indicated thermal efficiency. However, key technical barriers to achieving low-temperature combustion on multi-cylinder engines include the air handling system (limited amount of exhaust gas recirculation) as well as mechanical engine limitations (e.g. peak pressure rise rate). In light of these limitations, high-temperature combustion with reduced amounts of exhaust gas recirculation appears more practical. Furthermore, for high-temperature gasoline compression ignition, an effective aftertreatment system allows high thermal efficiency with low tailpipe-out emissions. In this work, experimental testing was conducted on a 12.4 L multi-cylinder heavy-duty diesel engine operating with high-temperature gasoline compression ignition combustion with port and direct injection. Engine testing was conducted at an engine speed of 1038 r/min and brake mean effective pressure of 1.4 MPa for three injection strategies, late pilot injection, early pilot injection, and port/direct fuel injection. The impact on engine performance and emissions with respect to varying the combustion phasing were quantified within this study. At the same combustion phasing, early pilot injection and port/direct fuel injection had an earlier start of combustion and higher maximum pressure rise rates than late pilot injection attributable to more premixed fuel from pilot or port injection; however, brake thermal efficiencies were higher with late pilot injection due to reduced heat transfer. Early pilot injection also exhibited the highest cylinder-to-cylinder variations due to differences in injector behavior as well as the spray/wall interactions affecting mixing and evaporation process. Overall, peak brake thermal efficiency of 46.1% and 46% for late pilot injection and port/direct fuel injection was achieved comparable to diesel baseline (45.9%), while early pilot injection showed the lowest brake thermal efficiency (45.3%).

Performance of multi-dimensional models for simulating diesel premixed charge compression ignition engine combustion using low- and high-pressure injectors

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 475-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
S-C Kong ◽  
Y Ra ◽  
R D Reitz
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Spray Angle ◽  
Low Temperature Combustion ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Detailed Chemistry ◽  
Engine Combustion ◽  
Temperature Combustion ◽  
Hsdi Diesel Engine

An engine CFD model has been developed to simulate premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) combustion using detailed chemistry. The numerical model is based on the KIVA code that is modified to use CHEMKIN as the chemistry solver. The model was applied to simulate ignition, combustion, and emissions processes in diesel engines operated to achieve PCCI conditions. Diesel PCCI experiments using both low- and high-pressure injectors were simulated. For the low-pressure injector with early injection (close to intake valve closure), the model shows that wall wetting can be minimized by using a pressure-swirl atomizer with a variable spray angle. In the case of using a high-pressure injector, it is found that late injection (SOI = 5 ° ATDC) benefits soot emissions as a result of low-temperature combustion at highly premixed conditions. The model was also used to validate the emission reduction potential of an HSDI diesel engine using a double injection strategy that favours PCCI conditions. It is concluded that the present model is useful to assess future engine combustion concepts, such as PCCI and low-temperature combustion (LTC).

Investigating Fuel Condensation Processes in Low Temperature Combustion Engines

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Qiu ◽  
Rolf D. Reitz
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Phase Region ◽  
Low Temperature Combustion ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Temperature Combustion ◽  
Real Gas Effects ◽  
Unburned Hydrocarbons ◽  
Late Stages

Condensation of gaseous fuel is investigated in a low temperature combustion engine fueled with double direct-injected diesel and premixed gasoline at two load conditions. Possible condensation is examined by considering real gas effects with the Peng-Robinson equation of state and assuming thermodynamic equilibrium of the two fuels. The simulations show that three representative condensation events are observed. The first two condensations are found in the spray some time after the two direct injections, when the evaporative cooling reduces the local temperature until phase separation occurs. The third condensation event occurs during the late stages of the expansion stroke, during which the continuous expansion sends the local fluid into the two-phase region again. Condensation was not found to greatly affect global parameters, such as the average cylinder pressure and temperature mainly because, before the main combustion event, the condensed phase was converted back to the vapor phase due to compression and/or first stage heat release. However, condensed fuel is shown to affect the emission predictions, including engine-out particulate matter and unburned hydrocarbons.

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