scholarly journals CALCULATION ANALYSIS TO DETERMINE THE LARGEST EARTHQUAKE AREA AT NORTH SUMATERA USING J48 DESICION TREE METHOD

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diyan Parwatiningtyas ◽  
Erlin Windia Ambarsari
Keyword(s):  
Subduction Zone ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Eurasian Plate ◽  
Earthquake Intensity ◽  
Moderate Earthquake ◽  
Earthquake Frequency ◽  
Value Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Calculation Analysis ◽  
Earthquake Area

Northern Sumatera is subduction zone region which sustain a high magnitude earthquake. It caused Sumatera region encounter two plates, viz the Eurasian plate and the Indo-Australian. They are reinforced on active Semangko fault. Because of this both plates are convergent, and formed by subduction zone, it resulting in high earthquake frequency content. Then, it area traversed three fault : Fault Renun, Fault Toru and Fault Angkola through kilometre 475, which the source and the propagation of earthquake wave from Firma terrain. The impact of the earthquake at Northern Sumatera region is quite dangerous for local people. Beside that, the main factor of damages is depend on earthquakes magnitude acceleration. And then, from this value, will gained the earthquake intensity. On this case, we trying to manage the safety environment at this area using J48 desicion tree which aims to inform the most specific area experienced an earthquake. Based on the result of data processing, the largest earthquake area at Northern Sumatera is Nias region. It showed from the earthquake acceleration value between 202,71 – 542 gal, MMI scale > 7 SR and it has 1,5 lattitude and 97,5 longitude. Then, the langkat Area, Deli Serdang and South Tapanuli include on moderate earthquake, because they have earthquake acceleration value range beetwen 100 – 150 gal, and its MMI scale is ≤ 7.

scholarly journals Tsunami heights and limits in 1945 along the Makran coast estimated from testimony gathered 7 decades later in Gwadar, Pasni and Ormara

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3085-3096
Author(s):  
Hira Ashfaq Lodhi ◽  
Shoaib Ahmed ◽  
Haider Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Subduction Zone ◽  
Plate Boundary ◽  
Arabian Plate ◽  
Great Earthquake ◽  
Eurasian Plate ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
Makran Subduction Zone ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Town

Abstract. The towns of Pasni and Ormara were the most severely affected by the 1945 Makran tsunami. The water inundated land for almost 1 km at Pasni, engulfing 80 % of the huts of the town, while at Ormara the tsunami inundated land for 2.5 km, washing away 60 % of the huts. The plate boundary between the Arabian Plate and Eurasian Plate is marked by Makran subduction zone (MSZ). This Makran subduction zone in November 1945 was the source of a great earthquake (8.1 Mw) and an associated tsunami. Estimated death tolls, waves arrival times, and the extent of inundation and runup have remained vague. We summarize observations of the tsunami through newspaper items, eyewitness accounts and archival documents. The information gathered is reviewed and quantified where possible to obtain the inundation parameters specifically and understand the impact in general along the Makran coast. The quantification of runup and inundation extents is based on a field survey or old maps.

scholarly journals Analisis Pergeseran Koseismik Gempa Sianok Tahun 2007 Berdasarkan Data Pengamatan GPS Tahun 1993-2007 dan Efek terhadap SRGI 2013

2019 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joni Efendi ◽  
Kosasih Prijatna ◽  
Irwan Meilano
Keyword(s):  
Subduction Zone ◽  
Coseismic Deformation ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Earthquake Cycle ◽  
Eurasian Plate ◽  
Earthquake Parameters ◽  
Australian Plate ◽  
Geodetic Control ◽  
Coordinate Changes ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRAKTumbukan miring Lempeng Eurasia dengan Lempeng Indo-Australia membentuk zona subduksi di bagian barat Pulau Sumatra dan sejumlah segmen sesar di darat Pulau Sumatra. Zona subduksi dan segmen sesar yang terbentuk aktif bergerak sehingga sering menimbulkan gempa bumi di wilayah tersebut. Semenjak diberlakukannya Sistem Referensi Geospasial Indonesia 2013 (SRGI 2013) sebagai referensi tunggal dalam aktivitas pemetaan di Indonesia, maka perubahan posisi kerangka referensi koordinat sebagai fungsi waktu akibat dinamika bumi perlu diperhitungkan. Dengan terjadinya dua gempabumi yang berurutan pada tanggal 6 Maret 2007 di wilayah Danau Singkarak Sumatra Barat, akan menimbulkan deformasi koseismik yang dapat mempengaruhi SRGI2013. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan analisis untuk menentukan model koseismik gempabumi Sianok yang paling sesuai dan sejauh mana dampaknya pada SRGI 2013. Berdasarkan hasil analisis terhadap nilai residual hasil validasi dengan koseismik pada 11 titik pengamatan GPS dapat disimpulkan bahwa model koseismik dari gempabumi Sianok adalah model koseismik menggunakan data parameter gempa dari Global CMT dengan residual misfit 47.5 mm. Secara umum, pola kosesimik gempabumi Sianok mendeskripsikan mekanisme gempabumi sesar geser. Nilai kosesimik terbesar terjadi pada titik KACA dan K108, yaitu 135,43 mm dan 84,74 mm. Besarnya koseismik gempabumi Sianok tidak berpengaruh terhadap peta dengan skala 1: 1000, akan tetapi akan mempengaruhi nilai koordinat Jaring Kontrol Geodesi (JKG) yang berada di sekitar daerah gempa, sehingga perlu adanya pemutakhiran koordinat dari JKG.Kata kunci: Gempabumi Sianok, GPS, Deformasi Koseismik, SRGI2013. ABSTRACTThe oblique movement of Eurasian Plate towards Indo-Australian Plate create subduction zone in the western part of Sumatra Island and some faults on the mainland of Sumatra. These subduction zone and faults actively produce some earthquakes. Since we used the Geospatial Reference System of Indonesia 2013 (SRGI 2013) as one reference on mapping activities in Indonesia, coordinate changes as a function of time caused by earthquake cycle need to be calculated. There are two earthquakes that had been occurred on March 6, 2007 in Singkarak Lake area which affected the SRGI 2013. We analyzed the data to estimate the coseismic model of Sianok earthquake and the impact to the SRGI 2013. The residual from the coseismic model by including 11 GPS displacements shows that the coseismic model of Sianok earthquake is a model that used earthquake parameters from Global CMT with the misfit of 47.5 mm. Overall, this coseismic pattern shows the shear mechanism. The largest displacements are on KACA and K108 sites, that are 135.43 mm and 84.74 mm respectively. The coseimic of Sianok earthquake does not affect a map with scale of 1:1000, but affect the Geodetic Control Network in this area. From this analysis, we conclude that we need to update our Geodetic Control Network.Keywords: Sianok Earthquake, GPS, Coseismic Deformation, SRGI2013.

It Is More Than Language

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-98
Author(s):  
Dianne Toe ◽  
Louise Paatsch ◽  
Amy Szarkowski
Keyword(s):  
Specific Area ◽  
Cooperative Interaction ◽  
Social And Emotional Development ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pragmatic Skills ◽  
Social Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Shed Light

Deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children who use spoken language face unique challenges when communicating with others who have typical hearing, particularly their peers. In such contexts, the social use of language has been recognized as an area of vulnerability among individuals in this population and has become a focus for research and intervention. The development of pragmatic skills intersects with many aspects of child development, including emotional intelligence and executive function, as well as social and emotional development. While all these areas are important, they are beyond the scope of this chapter, which highlights the impact of pragmatics on the specific area of cognition. Cognitive pragmatics is broadly defined as the study of the mental processes involved in the understanding of meaning in the context of a cooperative interaction. This chapter explores how DHH children and young people construe meaning in the context of conversations and expository interactions with their peers. The chapter aims to examine the role played by the cognitive processes of making inferences and comprehending implicature, within the overall display of pragmatic skills. Further, the authors use this lens in the analysis of interactions between DHH children and their peers in order to shed light on the development of pragmatic skills in children who are DHH.

scholarly journals Progress and challenges of implantable neural interfaces based on nature-derived materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenio Redolfi Riva ◽  
Silvestro Micera
Keyword(s):  
Interface Design ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Matrix Proteins ◽  
Neural Interface ◽  
Neural Interfaces ◽  
Biomedical Science ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Response ◽  
The Impact

AbstractNeural interfaces are bioelectronic devices capable of stimulating a population of neurons or nerve fascicles and recording electrical signals in a specific area. Despite their success in restoring sensory-motor functions in people with disabilities, their long-term exploitation is still limited by poor biocompatibility, mechanical mismatch between the device and neural tissue and the risk of a chronic inflammatory response upon implantation.In this context, the use of nature-derived materials can help address these issues. Examples of these materials, such as extracellular matrix proteins, peptides, lipids and polysaccharides, have been employed for decades in biomedical science. Their excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability in the absence of toxic compound release, physiochemical properties that are similar to those of human tissues and reduced immunogenicity make them outstanding candidates to improve neural interface biocompatibility and long-term implantation safety. The objective of this review is to highlight progress and challenges concerning the impact of nature-derived materials on neural interface design. The use of these materials as biocompatible coatings and as building blocks of insulation materials for use in implantable neural interfaces is discussed. Moreover, future perspectives are presented to show the increasingly important uses of these materials for neural interface fabrication and their possible use for other applications in the framework of neural engineering.

EDUKASI DAN MITIGASI GEMPA PADA BANGUNAN

2021 ◽  
pp. 417
Author(s):  
Daniel Christianto ◽  
Sunarjo Leman ◽  
Alvira Nathania Tanika ◽  
Maria Kevinia Sutanto ◽  
Vryscilia Marcella
Keyword(s):  
General Information ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Eurasian Plate ◽  
Earthquake Mitigation ◽  
Natural Event ◽  
Australian Plate ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Prone Area ◽  
Tectonic Earthquakes ◽  
The Impact

A natural disaster is a natural event that has a major impact on the human population. One of the natural events that became the focus of this PKM activity was an earthquake. Earthquakes are natural events in the form of vibrations or wavy movements on the earth's crust caused by internal forces. Earthquakes caused by shifting of the ground are called tectonic earthquakes and earthquakes caused by volcanoes are called volcanic earthquakes. Indonesia is an earthquake-prone area because it is located on three plates, namely the Eurasian Plate, the Pacific Plate, and the Indo-Australian Plate. Only in western, central and southern Kalimantan, the source of the earthquake was not found. To reduce the impact of risk during an earthquake, it is necessary to carry out an earthquake mitigation to the community in areas prone to earthquakes. Earthquake mitigation that will be carried out in this PKM activity is in the form of counseling through online webinars to prevent physical contact or crowds, related to the Covid19 pandemic. As a result, from the questions asked by participants, there is still a lack of understanding of the dangers of changing the function of the building or the building's use limit based on the design load and the condition of the building after the earthquake. So for the next PKM, it is recommended to make general information guidelines such as examples of photos or pictures about the condition of buildings that need to be reviewed for repairs or are no longer suitable for use after being hit by an earthquake.Bencana alam adalah suatu peristiwa alam yang mengakibatkan dampak besar bagi populasi manusia. Salah satu peristiwa alam yang menjadi fokus dalam kegiatan PKM ini adalah gempa bumi. Gempa bumi merupakan fenomena alam berupa getaran atau gerakan bergelombang pada lempeng bumi yang disebabkan oleh tenaga yang berasaldari dalam bumi. Gempa yang disebabkan oleh pergeseran tanah dinamakan gempa tektonik dan gempa yang disebabkan oleh gunung berapi dinamakan gempa vulkanik. Indonesia merupakan daerah rawan gempa karena terletak di atas tiga lempeng yakni Lempeng Eurasia, Lempeng Pasifik, dan Lempeng Indo-Australia. Hanya di Kalimantan bagian barat, tengah, dan selatan, sumber gempa bumi tidak ditemukan. Untuk mengurangi dampak resiko pada saat gempa perlu dilakukan suatu mitigasi gempa kepada masyarakat di daerah yang rawan terjadi gempa bumi. Mitigasi gempa yang akan dilakukan dalam kegiatan PKM ini berupa penyuluhan melalui webinar secara online untuk mencegah kontak fisik atau kerumunan, berhubungan dengan pandemi Covid19. Hasilnya, dari pertanyaan yang diajukan peserta, masih kurang pemahaman bahaya dari mengubah fungsi guna bangunan atau batas guna bangunan berdasarkan beban desain dan kondisi bangunan setelah gempa. Maka untuk PKM selanjutnya, disarankan membuat panduan informasi secara umum seperti contoh foto atau gambar tentang kondisi bangunan yang perlu ditinjau untuk perbaikan atau tidak layak guna lagi setelah terkena gempa.

Dampak Program CSR Binaan PT Pertamina RU II Sungai Pakning: Analisis Social Return on Investment (SROI) dan Sensitivitas

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-212
Author(s):  
Nurhazana Nurhazana ◽  
Muhammad Luthfi iznillah ◽  
Sahat Roy Pianto
Keyword(s):  
Program Implementation ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Social Investment ◽  
Social Return On Investment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Program Costs ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Calculation Analysis

The purpose of this study is to see the impact of the CSR program of PT Pertamina RU II Sei Pakning through the analysis of Social Return on Investment and sensitivity. This research is descriptive quantitative by utilizing primary and secondary data. Primary data consists of data obtained from processing observational data and secondary data obtained from various literature sources. Based on the results of the SROI calculations for the four programs, it can be concluded that the social investment made for each program is feasible because all programs have a positive SROI score (more than 1) during the program implementation plan. In accordance with the results of the SROI calculation analysis, four programs from PT Pertamina RU II Sungai Pakning have generated benefits that are greater than the program costs. However, there are still opportunities to increase and expand the scope of benefits from the four programs.

scholarly journals Resilience measurement of Padang city’s infrastructures toward multi-hazard

2020 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Giani Ananda ◽  
Taufika Ophiyandri ◽  
Edi Hasymi
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Fault Line ◽  
Eurasian Plate ◽  
Assessment Data ◽  
Meeting Point ◽  
Australian Plate ◽  
Infrastructure Resilience ◽  
The Impact

The complexity of geographical conditions and regional morphology of Padang City have caused it to be at high risk of multi-hazard. Padang City is located near the meeting point of the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate, and also on the Sumatra Fault line (Semangko Fault). Therefore, strong infrastructures are needed in order to minimize the impact of the risk of multi-hazard. This study is conducted to measure the resilience of Padang City’s infrastructures toward multi-hazard and provide recommendations to improve the resilience of Padang City’s infrastructures toward Multi-hazard. This study was conducted with qualitative methods and presented quantitatively in the form of diagrams. The measurement is carried out based on the concept of city toughness measurements made by UNISDR known as the "Scorecard". This study only focuses on essential 8 about "Increase Infrastructure Resilience" and essential 10 about "Expedite Recovery and Build Back Better". From this study, it can be concluded that the resilience of Padang City infrastructures is still relatively low so several recommendations that are expected will increase the resilience of Padang City’s infrastructures are proposed, that are; in-depth assessment, data collection and supervision monitoring of infrastructures, important assets, and protective infrastructure.

scholarly journals GIS-Based Rockfall Susceptibility Zoning in Greece

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charalampos Saroglou
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Rock Falls ◽  
Earthquake Intensity ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Gis Techniques ◽  
Earthquake Effect ◽  
The Impact

The assessment of rockfall risks on human activities and infrastructure is of great importance. Rock falls pose a significant risk to (a) transportation infrastructure, (b) inhabited areas, and (c) Cultural Heritage sites. The paper presents a method to assess rockfall susceptibility at national scale in Greece, using a simple rating approach and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques. An extensive inventory of rockfalls for the entire country was compiled for the period between 1935 and 2019. The rockfall events that were recorded are those which have mainly occurred as distinct rockfall episodes in natural slopes and have impacted human activities, such as roads, inhabited areas, and archaeological sites. Through a detailed analysis of the recorded data, it was possible to define the factors which determine the occurrence of rockfalls. Based on this analysis, the susceptibility zoning against rockfalls at the national scale was prepared, using a simple rating approach and GIS techniques. The rockfall susceptibility zoning takes into account the following parameters: (a) the slope gradient, (b) the lithology, (c) the annual rainfall intensity, (d) the earthquake intensity, and (e) the active fault presence. Emphasis was given on the study of the earthquake effect as a triggering mechanism of rockfalls. Finally, the temporal and spatial frequency of the recorded events and the impact of rockfalls on infrastructure assets and human activities in Greece were evaluated.

scholarly journals The Effects of Earthquake Significant Duration D595 to the Earthquake Intensity Measures and the Inelastic Response of SDOF Reinforced Concrete Structure

2019 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 01005
Author(s):  
Widodo Pawirodikromo
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Response ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Seismic Intensity ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structure ◽  
Earthquake Intensity ◽  
Intensity Measures ◽  
Earthquake Frequency

The concept of seismic intensity measures has long beendiscussed and has been collected by researchers among whom are by [1-6]. However, the effect of earthquake duration on the structural response hasnot received attention from the researcher so it has not been seen in the listof the existing seismic intensity measures. In the spectral response, forexample, it has been accommodated peak value and earthquake frequencycontent but has not accommodated the duration of the earthquake. Theeffect of earthquake duration on a response, damage or collapse capacity ofthe structure has been done by the researchers [7-10]. The spectrallyequivalent approach/control has been used by [9,10]., while the collapsecapacity approach is cursed by [8]. The use of the classification of theearthquake frequency content as independent variables has been suggestedby [7]. In this study, the classification of earthquake frequency (lowfrequency), earthquake duration as the independent variable and peakacceleration control have been used. Single degree of Freedom (SDOF)structures excited by 15-earthquakes with effective durations varyingbetween te = 6.34 to 30.18 s have been used. The results showed that notall seismic intensity measure used had a strong relationship with effectiveduration. The earthquake effective duration has a positive relationship withthe damage index but the relationship is relatively weak

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