scholarly journals Changes in Functional Connectivity following Treatment with Emotion Regulation Therapy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Scult ◽  
David Marc Fresco ◽  
Faith Gunning ◽  
Conor Liston ◽  
Saren Seeley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Network Nodes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Nuanced Understanding

Emotion Regulation Therapy (ERT) is an efficacious treatment for distress disorders (i.e. depression and anxiety), predicated on a conceptual model wherein difficult to treat distress arises from intense emotionality (e.g., neuroticism, dispositional negativity) and is prolonged by negative self-referentiality (e.g., worry, rumination). Individuals with distress disorders exhibit disruptions in two corresponding brain networks including the salience network (i.e., “SN”) reflecting emotion/motivation and the default mode network (i.e., “DMN”) reflecting self-referentiality. Using resting-state functional connectivity analyses, seeded with primary regions in each of these networks, we investigated whether ERT was associated with theoretically consistent changes across nodes of these networks and whether these changes related to improvements in clinical outcomes. This study examined 21 generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) patients (with and without major depressive disorder (MDD)) drawn from a larger intervention trial (Renna et al., 2018), who completed resting state fMRI scans before and after receiving 16 sessions of ERT. We utilized seed-based connectivity analysis with seeds in the PCC, right anterior insula, and right posterior insula, to investigate whether ERT was associated with changes in connectivity of nodes of the DMN and SN networks with changes across the brain. Findings revealed statistically significant treatment linked changes in both the DMN and SN network nodes, and these changes were associated with clinical improvement corresponding to medium effect sizes. The results are discussed in light of a nuanced understanding of the role of connectivity changes in GAD and MDD, and begin to provide neural network support for the hypothesized treatment model predicated by ERT.

scholarly journals Altered hypothalamus functional connectivity with limbic system in fibromyalgia and the modulation effect of intervention

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Kong ◽  
Yiting Huang ◽  
Jiao Liu ◽  
Siyi Yu ◽  
Ming Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Limbic System ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Modulation Effect ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Background: This study aims to investigate the resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) changes of the hypothalamus in Fibromyalgia patients and the modulation effect of effective treatments. Methods: Fibromyalgia patients and matched healthy controls (HC’s) were recruited. Resting state fMRI data were collected from fibromyalgia patients before and after a 12-week Tai Chi intervention and once from HC’s. Results: Data analysis showed that fibromyalgia patients displayed significantly decreased medial hypothalamus (MH) rsFC with the thalamus and amygdala when compared to HC’s at baseline. After the intervention, fibromyalgia patients showed increased (normalized) MH rsFC in the thalamus and amygdala. Effective connectivity analysis showed disrupted MH and thalamus interaction in fibromyalgia, which nonetheless could be partially restored by Tai Chi. Conclusions: Elucidating the role of the diencephalon and limbic system in the pathophysiology and development of fibromyalgia may facilitate the development of new treatment methods for this prevalent disorder. Trial registration: Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02407665. Registered 3 April 2015 - Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02407665

scholarly journals Effects of long-term cocaine self-administration on brain resting-state functional connectivity in nonhuman primates

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Kohut ◽  
Dionyssios Mintzopoulos ◽  
Brian D. Kangas ◽  
Hannah Shields ◽  
Kelly Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Chronic Cocaine

AbstractLong-term cocaine use is associated with a variety of neural and behavioral deficits that impact daily function. This study was conducted to examine the effects of chronic cocaine self-administration on resting-state functional connectivity of the dorsal anterior cingulate (dACC) and putamen—two brain regions involved in cognitive function and motoric behavior—identified in a whole brain analysis. Six adult male squirrel monkeys self-administered cocaine (0.32 mg/kg/inj) over 140 sessions. Six additional monkeys that had not received any drug treatment for ~1.5 years served as drug-free controls. Resting-state fMRI imaging sessions at 9.4 Tesla were conducted under isoflurane anesthesia. Functional connectivity maps were derived using seed regions placed in the left dACC or putamen. Results show that cocaine maintained robust self-administration with an average total intake of 367 mg/kg (range: 299–424 mg/kg). In the cocaine group, functional connectivity between the dACC seed and regions primarily involved in motoric behavior was weaker, whereas connectivity between the dACC seed and areas implicated in reward and cognitive processing was stronger. In the putamen seed, weaker widespread connectivity was found between the putamen and other motor regions as well as with prefrontal areas that regulate higher-order executive function; stronger connectivity was found with reward-related regions. dACC connectivity was associated with total cocaine intake. These data indicate that functional connectivity between regions involved in motor, reward, and cognitive processing differed between subjects with recent histories of cocaine self-administration and controls; in dACC, connectivity appears to be related to cumulative cocaine dosage during chronic exposure.

scholarly journals Finger Tapping Task Activation vs. TMS Hotspot: Different Locations and Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jue Wang ◽  
Hai-Jiang Meng ◽  
Gong-Jun Ji ◽  
Ying Jing ◽  
Hong-Xiao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Finger Tapping ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Human Motor ◽  
Healthy Participants ◽  
Task Activation

Abstract Both functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) have been used to non-invasively localize the human motor functional area. These locations can be clinically used as stimulation target of TMS treatment. However, it has been reported that the finger tapping fMRI activation and TMS hotspot were not well-overlapped. The aim of the current study was to measure the distance between the finger tapping fMRI activation and the TMS hotspot, and more importantly, to compare the network difference by using resting-state fMRI. Thirty healthy participants underwent resting-state fMRI, task fMRI, and then TMS hotspot localization. We found significant difference of locations between finger tapping fMRI activation and TMS hotspot. Specifically, the finger tapping fMRI activation was more lateral than the TMS hotspot in the premotor area. The fMRI activation peak and TMS hotspot were taken as seeds for resting-state functional connectivity analyses. Compared with TMS hotspot, finger tapping fMRI activation peak showed more intensive functional connectivity with, e.g., the bilateral premotor, insula, putamen, and right globus pallidus. The findings more intensive networks of finger tapping activation than TMS hotspot suggest that TMS treatment targeting on the fMRI activation area might result in more remote effects and would be more helpful for TMS treatment on movement disorders.

scholarly journals Prevalent and sex-biased breathing patterns modify functional connectivity MRI in young adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles J. Lynch ◽  
Benjamin M. Silver ◽  
Marc J. Dubin ◽  
Alex Martin ◽  
Henning U. Voss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Breathing Patterns ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Brain Organization ◽  
Normal Breathing ◽  
Functional Connectivity Mri

Abstract Resting state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a tool for investigating human brain organization. Here we identify, visually and algorithmically, two prevalent influences on fMRI signals during 440 h of resting state scans in 440 healthy young adults, both caused by deviations from normal breathing which we term deep breaths and bursts. The two respiratory patterns have distinct influences on fMRI signals and signal covariance, distinct timescales, distinct cardiovascular correlates, and distinct tendencies to manifest by sex. Deep breaths are not sex-biased. Bursts, which are serial taperings of respiratory depth typically spanning minutes at a time, are more common in males. Bursts share features of chemoreflex-driven clinical breathing patterns that also occur primarily in males, with notable neurological, psychiatric, medical, and lifespan associations. These results identify common breathing patterns in healthy young adults with distinct influences on functional connectivity and an ability to differentially influence resting state fMRI studies.

High-Order Functional Connectivity Network for Differential Diagnosis of Depression

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1095-1102
Author(s):  
Jian Yang ◽  
Xu Mao ◽  
Ning Liu ◽  
Ning Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Correlation Time ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
High Order ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity

Resting-state functional connectivity (FC) changes dynamically and major depressive disorder (MDD) has abnormality in functional connectivity networks (FCNs), but few existing resting-state fMRI study on MDD utilizes the dynamics, especially for identifying depressive individuals from healthy controls. In this paper, we propose a methodological procedure for differential diagnosis of depression, called HN3D, which is based on high-order functional connectivity networks (HFCN). Firstly, HN3D extracts time series by independent component analysis, and partitions them into overlapped short series by sliding time window. Secondly, it constructs a FCN for each time window and concatenates correlation matrices of all FCNs to generate correlation time series. Then, correlation time series are grouped into different clusters and high-order correlations for HFCN is calculated based on their means. Finally, graph based features of HFCNs are extracted and selected for a linear discriminative classifier. Tested on 21 healthy controls and 20 MDD patients, HN3D achieved its best 100% classification accuracy, which is much higher than results based on stationary FCNs. In addition, most discriminative components of HN3D locate in default mode network and visual network, which are consistent with existing stationary-based results on depression. Though HN3D needs to be studied further, it is helpful for the differential diagnosis of depression and might have potentiality in identifying relevant biomarkers.

scholarly journals Resting-state functional connectivity of social brain regions predicts motivated dishonesty

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luoyao Pang ◽  
Huidi Li ◽  
Quanying Liu ◽  
Yue-jia Luo ◽  
Dean Mobbs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Social Brain ◽  
Moral Regulation ◽  
Interpretable Model ◽  
Reward Valuation

Motivated dishonesty is a typical social behavior varying from person to person. Resting-state fMRI (rsfMRI) is capable of identifying unique patterns from functional connectivity (FC) between brain networks. To identify the relevant neural patterns and build an interpretable model to predict dishonesty, we scanned 8-min rsfMRI before an information-passing task. In the task, we employed monetary rewards to induce dishonesty. We applied both connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM) and region-of-interest (ROI) analysis to examine the association between FC and dishonesty. CPM indicated that the stronger FC between fronto-parietal and default mode networks can predict a higher dishonesty rate. The ROIs were set in the regions involving four cognitive processes (self-reference, cognitive control, reward valuation, and moral regulation). The ROI analyses showed that a stronger FC between these regions and the prefrontal cortex can predict a higher dishonesty rate. Our study offers an integrated model to predict dishonesty with rsfMRI, and the results suggest that the frequent motivated dishonest behavior may require a higher engagement of social brain regions.

scholarly journals Multivariate resting-state functional connectivity predicts response to cognitive behavioral therapy in obsessive–compulsive disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (9) ◽  
pp. 2222-2227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicco Reggente ◽  
Teena D. Moody ◽  
Francesca Morfini ◽  
Courtney Sheen ◽  
Jesse Rissman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Before And After

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for many with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). However, response varies considerably among individuals. Attaining a means to predict an individual’s potential response would permit clinicians to more prudently allocate resources for this often stressful and time-consuming treatment. We collected resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging from adults with OCD before and after 4 weeks of intensive daily CBT. We leveraged machine learning with cross-validation to assess the power of functional connectivity (FC) patterns to predict individual posttreatment OCD symptom severity. Pretreatment FC patterns within the default mode network and visual network significantly predicted posttreatment OCD severity, explaining up to 67% of the variance. These networks were stronger predictors than pretreatment clinical scores. Results have clinical implications for developing personalized medicine approaches to identifying individual OCD patients who will maximally benefit from intensive CBT.

scholarly journals Advanced Meditation Alters Resting-State Brain Network Connectivity Correlating With Improved Mindfulness

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramana V. Vishnubhotla ◽  
Rupa Radhakrishnan ◽  
Kestas Kveraga ◽  
Rachael Deardorff ◽  
Chithra Ram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Brain Network Connectivity

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of an intensive 8-day Samyama meditation program on the brain functional connectivity using resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI).Methods: Thirteen Samyama program participants (meditators) and 4 controls underwent fMRI brain scans before and after the 8-day residential meditation program. Subjects underwent fMRI with a blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) contrast at rest and during focused breathing. Changes in network connectivity before and after Samyama program were evaluated. In addition, validated psychological metrics were correlated with changes in functional connectivity.Results: Meditators showed significantly increased network connectivity between the salience network (SN) and default mode network (DMN) after the Samyama program (p < 0.01). Increased connectivity within the SN correlated with an improvement in self-reported mindfulness scores (p < 0.01).Conclusion: Samyama, an intensive silent meditation program, favorably increased the resting-state functional connectivity between the salience and default mode networks. During focused breath watching, meditators had lower intra-network connectivity in specific networks. Furthermore, increased intra-network connectivity correlated with improved self-reported mindfulness after Samyama.Clinical Trials Registration: [https://clinicaltrials.gov], Identifier: [NCT04366544]. Registered on 4/17/2020.

scholarly journals A Pilot Study on Playback Theatre as a Therapeutic Aid after Natural Disasters: Brain Connectivity Mechanisms of Effects on Anxiety

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 247054702096656
Author(s):  
Sarat Munjuluri ◽  
Peter K. Bolin ◽  
Y. T. Amy Lin ◽  
Nina L. Garcia ◽  
Leslie Gauna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Playback Theatre ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cohen's D

Background Natural disasters can affect mental health and result in symptoms of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Playback Theatre (PT) is a form of improvisation where actors play-back personal stories told by audience members. Whether PT can be therapeutic in post-disaster settings is not known. Method We used a series of PT performances and studied levels of depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms in a sample of 13 people affected by Hurricane Harvey that happened in Houston, TX, August 2017. Brain imaging, specifically resting state functional connectivity of the amygdala was also studied before and after the PT performances. Results Both anxiety ( p = .001, Cohen’s d = –1.25) and PTSD ( p = .002, Cohen’s d = –1.0) symptoms significantly decreased after a series of 4 PT performances from January 2019 – February 2019. Depression reduction was not significant. We performed resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) MRI before and after the series of performances. We used the right and left amygdala as seeds for RSFC analysis and found that the connectivity between the left amygdala and the bilateral supramarginal gyri was increased after PT. The bilateral supramarginal connectivity with the default mode and the saliency networks increased too, which correlated with reduction in anxiety scores. Conclusions PT may offer a form of intervention for anxiety caused by disasters. An increase in left amygdala/supramarginal gyri connectivity may be the underlying mechanism.

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