scholarly journals Advancing Knowledge on the Health Consequences of Discrimination: The Potential of Virtual Reality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Priscilla Lui ◽  
Elizabeth Stringer ◽  
Ernest Jouriles
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Science Method ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
Innovative Method ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Methodological Approaches

Objectives: Racism and discrimination drive racial and ethnic health disparities, and are robust markers for a host of health outcomes in People of Color and Indigenous Peoples (POCI). A comprehensive understanding of possible causal pathways by which racism and discrimination lead to POCI’s health disadvantages is a critical step toward reducing disparities and promoting health equity. Experimental methods can help researchers delineate these causal pathways. In this manuscript, we illustrate how virtual reality (VR) can be used by researchers in experimental studies to advance discrimination science. Method: We summarize current findings on health effects of discrimination. We describe common methodological approaches that have been employed in discrimination science and discuss some of their limitations. Arguments for the potential benefits of using VR to advance discrimination science are provided. Results: VR has the potential to facilitate ecologically valid experiments that examine individuals’ responses to racism and discrimination-related experiences in real-time. Conclusions: VR offers scientists an innovative method that can be used in experimental studies to help delineate how racism and discrimination might lead to health problems in POCI. Still, VR is new to discrimination science; thus, research is necessary to empirically delineate advantages and possible disadvantages of using VR in studies on discrimination.

A Precarious Confluence: Neoliberalism, Race, and Water Insecurity

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Mascarenhas
Keyword(s):  
First Nations ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
First Century ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Water Insecurity ◽  
The Core ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
Racial Projects ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Cities

Three very different field sites—First Nations communities in Canada, water charities in the Global South, and the US cities of Flint and Detroit, Michigan—point to the increasing precariousness of water access for historically marginalized groups, including Indigenous peoples, African Americans, and people of color around the globe. This multi-sited ethnography underscores a common theme: power and racism lie deep in the core of today’s global water crisis. These cases reveal the concrete mechanisms, strategies, and interconnections that are galvanized by the economic, political, and racial projects of neoliberalism. In this sense neoliberalism is not only downsizing democracy but also creating both the material and ideological forces for a new form of discrimination in the provision of drinking water around the globe. These cases suggest that contemporary notions of environmental and social justice will largely hinge on how we come to think about water in the twenty-first century.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Heading-and-Winning Machines in the Conditions of Potash Mines

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3444
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Lavrenko ◽  
Dmitriy I. Shishlyannikov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Mechanized Method ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Potash Mine ◽  
Complex Indicators ◽  
Potassium Magnesium

The authors focus on the process of potash ore production by a mechanized method. They show that currently there are no approved procedures for assessing the performance of heading-and-winning machines operating in the conditions of potash mines. This causes difficulties in determining the field of application of heading-and-winning machines, complicates the search for implicit technical solutions for the modernisation of existing models of mining units, prohibits real-time monitoring of the stability of stope-based technological processes and makes it difficult to assess the performance of the services concerning mining enterprises. The work represents an aggregate assessment of the performance of heading-and-winning machines for potash mines by determining complex indicators describing the technological and technical levels of organising the work in stopes. Such indicators are the coefficients of productivity and energy efficiency, respectively. Experimental studies have been carried out in the conditions of the potash mine of the Verkhnekamskoye potassium-magnesium salt deposit to assess the performance of the latest and most productive Ural-20R heading-and-winning machines manufactured in Russia. Using the above methodological approaches, this paper shows that the unsatisfactory technological performance of the studied machine is due to the low productivity of the mine district transport. The average productivity coefficient was 0.29. At the same time, high values of the energy efficiency coefficient show that the productivity of the machine is on par with design conditions.

VIRTUAL REALITY USAGE IN THE RADIOGRAPHY SIMULATOR DEVELOPMENT FOR NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING PERSONNEL TRAINING

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
E. E. Kovshov ◽  
V. S. Kuvshinnikov ◽  
D. F. Kazakov
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Digital Radiography ◽  
Network Protocols ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Technical Personnel ◽  
Software And Hardware ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Additional Education ◽  
Non Destructive

Organizational, technical and methodological approaches to the creation and virtual reality usage in the development and implementation in additional education of a digital radiography simulator for non-destructive testing of products and materials are considered. It is noted that the most widespread virtual reality technologies are used for training and testing the knowledge of engineering and technical personnel and workers directly involved in production, as well as within the technological preparation of production during complex and responsible operations, including the control of products and materials. The pilot solutions obtained to date and tested allow us to judge the results of complex scientific research. Prospects of expanding the range of applicability of software and hardware solutions of virtual reality, including those based on network protocols and telecommunications solutions, are determined.

Providing Incentives to Youth Participants in Research: A Literature Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-215
Author(s):  
Jenny L. Afkinich ◽  
Dara R. Blachman-Demner
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Validity Of Results ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Contentious Issue ◽  
Wage Payment ◽  
Potential Benefits

The provision of financial incentives to youth involved in research remains an understudied and contentious issue. Although the practice is common and often accepted, a comprehensive understanding of the current status of the literature regarding the potential benefits and limitations is lacking. The primary question this article seeks to answer is as follows: “What are the concerns and best practices identified in the literature for the appropriate and ethical provision of incentives to children and adolescents?” Following a thorough review and screening process, 25 articles were selected and central themes were identified within them. Themes include the following: the wage-payment model, effectiveness for recruitment, effectiveness for retention, financial versus alternative incentives, coerciveness, influence on validity of results, and other ethical dilemmas. Gaps in the literature are discussed. Overall, the literature suggests financial incentives can be provided appropriately to children as long as necessary precautions are taken.

The methodological approaches in an experimental study of cultural transmission process

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djalma Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Cultural Transmission ◽  
General Relation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Relational Processes ◽  
Construction Of Knowledge ◽  
Transmission Process ◽  
Experimental Project ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Methodological Aspects

In this paper, we will discuss the possibility of understanding experimental studies on cultural transmission processes from an articulation between the particular–general relation in the construction of knowledge, with an approximation between the notions of Nomothetic and Idiographic science. For this, we discuss data collected from an experimental project about the cultural transmission process drawing our attention, as much to the continuities as the discontinuities present in the process. Our discussions pointed to the need to consider, in experimental studies, the particular actions and significations of research participants, as well as the generalization that is dialogically constructed in the collectivity. With this in mind, it is proposed that at least three theoretical-methodological aspects cannot be lost sight of when considering the experimental study of the cultural transmission process: (1) the relation between Idiographic and Nomothetic science; (2) interdependent relational processes that occur between particularities and generalities; and (3) the need to appreciate continuities and discontinuities as part of the process of construction and analysis of experimental projects.

scholarly journals Wargaming for International Relations research

2021 ◽  
pp. 135406612110640
Author(s):  
Erik Lin-Greenberg ◽  
Reid B.C. Pauly ◽  
Jacquelyn G. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Recruitment Bias ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Scholarly Inquiry

Political scientists are increasingly integrating wargames into their research. Either by fielding original games or by leveraging archival wargame materials, researchers can study rare events or topics where evidence is difficult to observe. However, scholars have little guidance on how to apply this novel methodological approach to political science research. This article evaluates how political scientists can use wargames as a method of scholarly inquiry and sets out to establish a research agenda for wargaming in International Relations. We first differentiate wargames from other methodological approaches and highlight their ecological validity. We then chart out how researchers can build and run their own games or draw from archival wargames for theory development and testing. In doing so, we explain how researchers can navigate issues of recruitment, bias, validity, and generalizability when using wargames for research, and identify ways to evaluate the potential benefits and pitfalls of wargames as a tool of inquiry. We argue that wargames offer unique opportunities for political scientists to study decision-making processes both in and beyond the International Relations subfield.

scholarly journals Effect of virtual reality therapy, combined with physiotherapy for improving motor proficiency in individuals with Down syndrome: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Stander ◽  
Jennifer C. Du Preez ◽  
Chantel Kritzinger ◽  
Natasha M. Obermeyer ◽  
Silke Struwig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Reality Therapy ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Motor Proficiency ◽  
Virtual Reality Therapy ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Background: Individuals with Down syndrome may struggle with anticipatory postural adjustments, and adapt slower to motor tasks and environmental changes, due to decreased motor proficiency.Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of virtual reality therapy (VRT), specifically Nintendo Wii, combined with physiotherapy or occupational therapy (OT) for improving motor proficiency in individuals with Down syndrome, compared to standard physiotherapy, OT or no intervention.Method: Nine computerised databases were searched from inception to July 2020. Methodological quality of randomised controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies was appraised using the physiotherapy evidence database (PEDro) scale and the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Reports.Results: Two randomised controlled trials and four quasi-experimental studies were included, with an average PEDro score of 7.3. One included case study scored 5. This review included 345 participants. Motor proficiency includes balance, coordination, strength and agility. Agility showed a significant improvement after 5 (p = 0.01) or 24 (p 0.01) weeks. Strength showed a significant improvement after a 6- (p = 0.000) or 24-week intervention (p 0.05). Balance showed inconclusive results for adults, and significant improvement in children after 6 (p = 0.000), 8 (p 0.05) or 24 (p 0.003) weeks. One study (n = 155) showed that upper limb and bilateral coordination improved significantly after 24 weeks (p 0.003).Conclusion: Level II, III-1 and IV evidence suggested that VRT may be valuable to improve agility and strength in individuals with Down syndrome, and balance and coordination in children with Down syndrome.Clinical implications: It may be beneficial to use VRT in addition to standard physiotherapy or OT interventions for improving motor proficiency in individuals with Down syndrome.

scholarly journals Potential Benefits of Multimedia-Based Home Catheter Management Education in Patients With Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters: Systematic Review

10.2196/17899 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. e17899
Author(s):  
Kija Malale ◽  
Jili Fu ◽  
William Nelson ◽  
Helena Marco Gemuhay ◽  
Xiuni Gan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Management Education ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters ◽  
Current Systematic Review ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Central Catheters

Background In recent years, there have been many suggestions to use multimedia as a strategy to fully meet the educational needs of patients with peripherally inserted central catheters. However, the potential benefits remain unreliable in the literature. Objective In this study, we identified the potential benefits of multimedia-based home catheter management education in patients with peripherally inserted central catheters and discussed the clinical implications. Methods We performed systematic searches of the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase Ovid, Medline, BioMed Central-cancer (BMC-cancer), ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases without date constraints until November 30, 2019. The methodological quality of the eligible studies was appraised using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Narrative synthesis of the study findings was conducted. Results A total of 6 intervention studies met the inclusion criteria, including 3 randomized controlled trials and 3 case-control studies/quasi-experimental studies. The studies included a total of 355 subjects, including a total of 175 in the multimedia groups and 180 in the control groups. We identified 4 potential benefits to patients: (1) improved knowledge, (2) increased satisfaction, (3) reduced incidence of catheter-related complications, and (4) reduced number of cases of delayed care after complications. Conclusions The current systematic review highlights the potential benefits of multimedia-based home catheter management education for patients with peripherally inserted central catheters.

scholarly journals Pupils’ Opinions on an Educational Virtual Reality Game in Terms of Flow Experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Emrah Akman ◽  
Recep Çakır
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Mathematics Curriculum ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Flow Experience ◽  
Digital Learning ◽  
Virtual Reality Technology ◽  
Digital Learning Environment ◽  
Loss Of Self ◽  
Action Awareness ◽  
Overall Evaluation

The purpose of the study is; to evaluate a game developed by using virtual reality technology in the teaching of fractions which is one of the most difficult topics in the fourth-grade mathematics curriculum, according to the opinions of pupils. An educational virtual reality game (Keşfet Kurtul) was developed for the study. Dur-ing the development of the game, the ideas of experts were utilized and flow theo-ry was taken into account. The educational virtual reality game was developed in the light of the flow theory. The research was carried out in a school in Samsun with 4th grade pupils. The game was evaluated by the pupils in terms of overall evaluation, challenge-skills balance, concentration on the task, clear goals, sense of control, action-awareness merging, loss of self-consciousness, transformation of time, unambiguous feedback and autotelic experience. As a result, the educa-tional virtual reality game Keşfet Kurtul is a digital learning environment that pu-pils enjoyed a lot. It has been determined that all tasks except the "radio" task, and in general the game itself, provide flow experience. It is proposed to redesign just one task of the game in terms of challenge-skills balance and clear goals. It's sug-gested that in experimental studies, different variables can be examined.

Digital Songlines

2007 ◽  
pp. 159-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett Leavy
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Interaction Design ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Cooperative Research ◽  
Aboriginal Communities ◽  
Software Toolkit ◽  
Essential Component

Digital Songlines is a software toolkit being developed by the Australasian Cooperative Research Centre for Interaction Design. It consists of an applied set of protocols, methodologies and a software program for the collection and sharing of indigenous cultural heritage knowledge. Regular consultation with indigenous traditional owners and representative groups is an essential component of the development process. This article provides an overview of the components of the Digital Songlines toolkit, and illustrates the development of the cultural heritage system in its current prototype. The system employs virtual reality tools to enable aboriginal communities to digitally preserve, protect and promote their arts, culture and heritage. The 3-D visualisation will allow users to appreciate the land as central to the culture, stories and lives of indigenous peoples.

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