scholarly journals I'm wearing a mask, but are they?: Perceptions of Self-Other Differences in COVID-19 Health Behaviors

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Alexander Adaryukov ◽  
Sergej Grunevski ◽  
Derek D Reed ◽  
Timothy Joseph Pleskac
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
University Of Kansas ◽  
Protective Behaviors ◽  
Safety Behavior ◽  
Political Preference ◽  
Health Safety ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University

As information about COVID-19 safety behavior changed, people had to judge how likely others were to protect themselves through mask-wearing and vaccination seeking. In a large, campus-wide survey, we assessed whether University of Kansas students viewed others' protective behaviors as different from their own, how much students assumed others would share their beliefs and behaviors, and which individual differences were associated with those estimations. Participants in our survey (N = 1,704; 81.04% white, 64.08% female) evaluated how likely they and others were to wear masks on the University of Kansas campus, wear masks off-campus, and seek a vaccine. They also completed measures of political preference, numeracy, and preferences for risk in various contexts. We found that participants estimated that others would be less likely to engage in health safety behaviors than themselves, but that their estimations of others were widely shared. In addition, of all the individual differences we assessed, political preference displayed the most consistent associations across health behaviors. Not only was false uniqueness ubiquitous across different forms of COVID-19 safety behavior, it was indeed false - estimates of others' health behavior were lower than their actual rates. Understanding this relationship could allow for more accurate norm-setting and normalization of mask-wearing and vaccination.

scholarly journals Analysis of health behaviors and the significance of health among occupationally-active persons

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-94
Author(s):  
Marta Kordyzon ◽  
Grażyna Nowak-Starz
Keyword(s):  
Health Behavior ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
Private Life ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Working People ◽  
The Individual

AbstractIntroduction. Health is a positive and superior value for every human being, which we want to maintain and reinforce. Health initiative skills should be developed not only in the adolescence phase, but also in the period of active participation in occupational and private life. Today, important recipients of all educational and health-promoting activities are occupationally-active persons, who reflect the state of health of the whole society through their own state of health.Aim. The aim of the study was to assess the health behavior of working persons and to obtain opinions on the value of health among occupationally-active persons.Material and methods. The studies were conducted among working people who, in the months from February to March 2018, reported for periodic examinations to an Occupational Medicine Outpatient Clinic in a Nonpublic Healthcare Facility in Kielce. Two standardized questionnaires were used in the study: The Health Behavior Inventory and the List of Health Criteria.Results. Women score higher on the HBI scale than men. In addition, education proved to be an important determinant of health behaviors. Respondents with primary education present a lower level of health behaviors than those with higher education. The analysis of our own studies shows that the respondents attach the highest importance to health defined as a state, a property and a purpose. For the respondents, being healthy means: “to feel good”, “not to feel any pain”, “to have all parts of the body in good condition”, “to accept oneself and know one’s capabilities” or “not to come down with illnesses, maybe with flu or indigestion at most”.Conclusions. The main activities of long-term health education in the workplace should take into account the individual needs of workers, especially those elements which, in the workers’ assessment, constitute their own definition of health and health determinants.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Reality of the Education Process at Najran University in Light of the Theory of Multiple Intelligences among Faculty Members

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 5842-5863
Author(s):  
Raafat Abd-el baast Kabil, Yahay Mohammed Bani Abduh
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Multiple Intelligences ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Theory Of Multiple Intelligences ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University ◽  
Education Process

The current study aimed to identify the reality of the education process at the University of Najran in light of the theory of multiple intelligences among faculty members by analyzing aspects of the education process according to the theory of multiple intelligences, and a questionnaire was used to assess aspects of the education process, The study sample consisted of (480) faculty members, and the results of the study showed that the faculty members evaluation of the reality of the learning process at Najran University was moderate, and the results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the reality of the educational process at the University of Najran in light of the theory of multiple intelligences according to the gender variable. The results also found that there were statistically significant differences in the reality of the educational process at the University of Najran in light of the theory of multiple intelligences according to the variable of the type of college in favor of the practical colleges, and a vision for the development of the education process at Najran University was also developed in light of the theory of multiple intelligences, The study recommended the need to take into account the individual differences between students in their multiple intelligences, and the necessity to encourage students to discover their multiple intelligences, which helps the teacher to define appropriate teaching methods and strategies and educational activities, and to adopt new evaluation methods based on assessing the multiple aspects of intelligence.

scholarly journals Effects of Individual Differences on Generic Competences: An Evidence from University Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-138
Author(s):  
Shaheen Ashraf ◽  
Nazir Haider Shah ◽  
Fazal-ur- Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
University Students ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Generic Competencies ◽  
E Learning ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

This study was carried out with the background that Every individual has certain qualities and competencies the differences specially students at higher level existed and functional due to various reasons in human beings which directly or indirectly affect their lives, with  the objectives (i) to explore the generic competencies possessed by the university students, (ii) to assess the individual differences of University Students, (iii) to measure the relationship between generic competencies and individual differences of students. This was a survey study in nature and the population of the study comprised of 5206 students (2902 male and 2124 female) of nine universities. Universal sampling technique (up-to 10%) was used and the data was collected from the whole population to ensure the effectiveness of the study through two self-developed questionnaires employing Axcel-ANOVA under the SPSS-2018 version with t-test and F-Crit test were used to analyze the data. The Regression was simultaneously applied for both positive r-1 and Negative (R-Square) for difference, as well as, E-views 09 version was supportively used to double check the significance. It was concluded that university students responded 87% positively for the generic response (s) evidenced the individual differences in generic competencies as positively affected the parameters of (a) age of students (b) Understanding the university group tasks, (c) developing competences based on teachers guidance, knowledge including curriculum/syllabi and (d) document based knowledge including ICT and e-learning as well as (e) competence developed for future.

‘A Routh O’ Auld Nick-Nackets’ – the antiquarian collection of John Rae

2015 ◽  
Vol 36-37 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-183
Author(s):  
Paul Taylor
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Moral Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Representative Case ◽  
National Museums ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University

John Rae, a Scottish antiquarian collector and spirit merchant, played a highly prominent role in the local natural history societies and exhibitions of nineteenth-century Aberdeen. While he modestly described his collection of archaeological lithics and other artefacts, principally drawn from Aberdeenshire but including some items from as far afield as the United States, as a mere ‘routh o’ auld nick-nackets' (abundance of old knick-knacks), a contemporary singled it out as ‘the best known in private hands' (Daily Free Press 4/5/91). After Rae's death, Glasgow Museums, National Museums Scotland, the University of Aberdeen Museum and the Pitt Rivers Museum in Oxford, as well as numerous individual private collectors, purchased items from the collection. Making use of historical and archive materials to explore the individual biography of Rae and his collection, this article examines how Rae's collecting and other antiquarian activities represent and mirror wider developments in both the ‘amateur’ antiquarianism carried out by Rae and his fellow collectors for reasons of self-improvement and moral education, and the ‘professional’ antiquarianism of the museums which purchased his artefacts. Considered in its wider nineteenth-century context, this is a representative case study of the early development of archaeology in the wider intellectual, scientific and social context of the era.

IMAGERY AND EMOTIONS IN THE PIANO PIECE „THE SICK DOLL“ FROM CHILDREN’S ALBUM OF P . I TCHAIKOVSKY

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-113
Author(s):  
Smilena Smilkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Special Educational Needs ◽  
Social Pedagogy ◽  
Sound Image ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
The University ◽  
Art Pedagogy

The proposed material examines the creative task of students majoring in Social Pedagogy at the University „Prof. Dr. Assen Zlatarov“ in Burgas, and studying the discipline Art Pedagogy – Part 1 – Music. In the course of the lecture course students get acquainted with the elements of musical expression, as a means of figurative representations and impact of music, with different techniques concerning individual musical activities, with the endless and diverse opportunities that music provides in the use of art pedagogy for social work teachers.Verbal interpretation of music is a necessary component when working with children with special educational needs, at risk and in the norm. Looking at Tchaikovsky’s short and extremely figurative piano piece „The Sick Doll“ from his charming „Children’s Album“, in the form of a short story, tale or essay, students express their personal vision, feeling and transformation of the musical image. The aim of the task is to transcribe the sound image into a verbal one. This requires speed, flexibility and logic in thinking, through imagination and creativity in its manifestation. Children love to listen, especially when they are involved. In search of the right way to solve problems and situations, future social educators could successfully benefit from the conversion of sound into words, according to the needs and deficits of the individual or group.

Motivating Exercise Through Social Media: Is a Picture Always Worth a Thousand Words?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlyn Johnston ◽  
William E. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Exercise Motivation ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Within Subjects

In the present study, we examined how the influence of exercise-related social media content on exercise motivation might differ across content type (with images vs. without images) and account type (individual vs. corporate). Using a 2 × 2 within-subjects experimental design, 229 participants viewed a series of 40 actual social media posts across the four conditions (individual posts with images, corporate posts with images, individual posts without images, and corporate posts without images) in a randomized order. Participants rated the extent to which they felt each social media post motivated them to exercise, would motivate others to exercise, and was posted for extrinsic reasons. Participants also completed other measures of individual differences including their own exercise motivation. Posts with images from individuals were more motivating than posts with images from corporations; however, corporate posts without images were more motivating than posts without images from individuals. Participants expected others to be similarly motivated by the stimuli, and perceived corporate posts as having been posted for more extrinsic reasons than individuals’ posts. These findings enhance our understanding of how social media may be used to promote positive health behaviors.

A University Education

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Willetts
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
University Education ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Universities have a crucial role in the modern world. In England, entrance to universities is by nation-wide competition which means English universities have an exceptional influence on schools--a striking theme of the book. This important book first investigates the university as an institution and then tracks the individual on their journey to and through university. In A University Education, David Willetts presents a compelling case for the ongoing importance of the university, both as one of the great institutions of modern society and as a transformational experience for the individual. The book also makes illuminating comparisons with higher education in other countries, especially the US and Germany. Drawing on his experience as UK Minister for Universities and Science from 2010 to 2014, the author offers a powerful account of the value of higher education and the case for more expansion. He covers controversial issues in which he was involved from access for disadvantaged students to the introduction of L9,000 fees. The final section addresses some of the big questions for the future, such as the the relationship between universities and business, especially in promoting innovation.. He argues that the two great contemporary trends of globalisation and technological innovation will both change the university significantly. This is an authoritative account of English universities setting them for the first time in their new legal and regulatory framework.

scholarly journals Behavioral medicine challenges in the shadow of a global pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa T Brooks ◽  
Hannah K Allen ◽  
Louise Thornton ◽  
Tracy Trevorrow
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Future Data ◽  
Short And Long Term

Abstract Health behavior researchers should refocus and retool as it becomes increasingly clear that the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic surpass the direct effects of COVID-19 and include unique, drastic, and ubiquitous consequences for health behavior. The circumstances of the pandemic have created a natural experiment, allowing researchers focusing on a wide range of health behaviors and populations with the opportunity to use previously collected and future data to study: (a) changes in health behavior prepandemic and postpandemic, (b) health behavior prevalence and needs amidst the pandemic, and (c) the effects of the pandemic on short- and long-term health behavior. Our field is particularly challenged as we attempt to consider biopsychosocial, political, and environmental factors that affect health and health behavior. These realities, while daunting, should call us to action to refocus and retool our research, prevention, and intervention efforts

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