scholarly journals Integrating and Distinguishing Personality and Psychopathology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidan G.C. Wright ◽  
Christopher James Hopwood
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Third ◽  
Common Structure ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Is Integration ◽  
Different Levels

We asked authors of this Special Issue to answer four questions: 1) Is there evidence thatpersonality and psychopathology can be integrated?, 2) Is integration important?, 3) Can they be distinguished?, and 4) How can the difference be measured?. Authors uniformly agreed that personality and psychopathology can be integrated within a common structure and that this is important. The third and fourth questions were more challenging. While authors generally agreed that there is a distinction between the person and the person’s mental health problems, articulations of that distinction were fuzzy and it is clear that current methods are not sufficiently capable of delineating these domains. We summarize the issue by offering four directions for future research: 1) develop measurement tools that distinguish between the person, the context, and their transaction, 2) measure behavior and context at multiple timescales, 3) use multimethod data to tap different levels of behavior, and 4) examine person-specific processes. Each of these directions comes with considerable challenges, but the payoff of solving them will be a more principled, evidence-based, and clinically-useful model for the distinction between personality and psychopathology.

Distinction between Dolus and Culpa with reference to Arson in Zakon Sudnyj LJudem, the Vinodol Law and the Statute of Senj

De Jure ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Haman ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
The Third ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Better Than

The difference between intent (dolus) and negligence (culpa) was rarely emphasized in codified medieval laws and regulations. When compared to the legal statements related to intent, negligence was mentioned even more rarely. However, there are some laws that distinguished between the two concepts in terms of some specific crimes, such as arson. This paper draws attention to three medieval Slavic legal documents – the Zakon Sudnyj LJudem (ZSLJ), the Vinodol Law and the Statute of Senj. They are compared with reference to regulations regarding arson, with the focus being on arson as a crime committed intentionally or out of negligence. The ZSLJ as the oldest known Slavic law in the world shows some similarities with other medieval Slavic legal codes, especially in the field of criminal law, since most of the ZSLJ’s articles are related to criminal law. On the other hand, the Vinodol Law is the oldest preserved Croatian law and it is among the oldest Slavic codes in the world. It was written in 1288 in the Croatian Glagolitic script and in the Croatian Chakavian dialect. The third document – the Statute of Senj – regulated legal matters in the Croatian littoral town of Senj. It was written in 1388 – exactly a century after the Vinodol Law was proclaimed. When comparing the Vinodol Law and the Statute of Senj with the Zakon Sudnyj LJudem, there are clear differences and similarities, particularly in the field of criminal law. Within the framework of criminal offenses, the act of arson is important for making a distinction between intent and negligence. While the ZSLJ regulates different levels of guilt, the Vinodol Law makes no difference between dolus and culpa. On the other hand, the Statute of Senj strictly refers to negligence as a punishable crime. Even though the ZSLJ is almost half a millennium older than the Statute of Senj and around 400 years older than the Vinodol Law, this paper proves that the ZSLJ defines the guilt and the punishment for arson much better than the other two laws.

scholarly journals Risk and Resilience in Pregnancy and Birth

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-77
Author(s):  
Cecily Young ◽  
Susan Ayers
Keyword(s):  
Transition To Parenthood ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Personal Attributes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth ◽  
In Pregnancy

Pregnancy, birth, and becoming a parent involves substantial changes at biological, psychological, social, and broader cultural levels. As such, it is a continuing process of adaptation to change and new demands. This chapter provides an overview of risk and resilience in pregnancy, birth, and the transition to parenthood and the impact of these experiences on both women and their infants. The first part of the chapter provides an overview of experiences of pregnancy and birth and risks that arise, in particular trauma that may be experienced during birth. The second part looks at resilience in pregnancy and birth, what we know, and what we still need to know in this area. The third part looks at theories of resilience relevant to the perinatal period and how it is important to look at resilience at different levels (e.g. epi/genetic, personal attributes, relationships, support systems, culture, and environment). The authors conclude with key considerations for future research and theory in this area.

Resilience in Organizations: An Integrative Multilevel Review and Editorial Introduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-656
Author(s):  
Sebastian Raetze ◽  
Stephanie Duchek ◽  
M. Travis Maynard ◽  
Bradley L. Kirkman
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Editorial Introduction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Organizational Contexts ◽  
Organization And Management ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Advance Knowledge ◽  
Different Levels

The interest of organization and management researchers in the resilience concept has steadily grown in recent years. Although there is consensus about the importance of resilience in organizational contexts, many important research questions remain. For example, it is still largely unclear how resilience functions at different levels of analysis in organizations and how these various levels interact. In this special issue, we seek to advance knowledge about the complex resilience construct. For laying a foundation, in this editorial introduction we offer an integrative literature review of previous resilience research at three different levels of analysis (i.e., individual, team, and organization). Furthermore, we demonstrate what is already known about resilience as a multilevel construct and interactions among different resilience levels. Based on the results of our literature review, we identify salient research gaps and highlight some of the more promising areas for future research on resilience. Finally, we present an overview of the articles in this special issue and highlight their contributions in light of the gaps identified herein.

Evidence-Based Assessment Tools for Common Mental Health Problems: A Practical Guide for School Settings

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack H Andrews ◽  
Evelyn Cho ◽  
Siena K Tugendrajch ◽  
Brigid R Marriott ◽  
Kristin M Hawley
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
School Personnel ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
School Settings ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Common Mental Health Problems ◽  
Concise Guide

Abstract Evidence-based assessment, which requires the use of reliable and valid measurement tools, is an essential component of many services that school social workers provide to promote the social, emotional, and behavioral health of students. A wide variety of psychometrically sound assessment tools exist to choose from, but it can be difficult for school personnel to identify and access the tools best suited to meet their needs. In an effort to reduce these barriers, the authors of this article provide a concise guide to free, validated measurement tools that are feasible for routine use in school settings for the most common youth mental health concerns (anxiety, depression, and disruptive behavior). The psychometric properties and other practical characteristics of 37 measurement tools are reviewed, accompanied by links to access each tool and suggestions to help social workers identify which may best fit any particular combination of the diverse goals, school settings, and student populations they serve.

scholarly journals Democracy without Solidarity: Political Dysfunction in Hard Times – Introduction to Special Issue

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Jones ◽  
Matthias Matthijs
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Causal Mechanism ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Contemporary Debate ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Hard Times ◽  
The Many

Why do democratic institutions struggle to maintain their vitality and legitimacy in hard times? In this special issue ofGovernment and Opposition, we identify a loss of solidarity as the root cause of Western political dysfunction over the past decade. The argument is developed in four parts. The first part is theoretical insofar as it sketches the causal mechanism that describes what we mean by democratic dysfunction. Here we set out some of the key concepts that are central to our project. The second part is empirical insofar as it offers four negative illustrations of the fundamentalproblématique, which gives us the opportunity to suggest why this collection of research articles is relevant to the contemporary debate on democracy and its discontents. The third part explores the many possible sources of democratic dysfunction, which we have organized around two thematic clusters. Here we introduce the other articles in our special issue. The fourth and last part suggests implications of living in a democratic world with waning solidarity, allowing us to draw preliminary conclusions and suggest avenues for future research.

scholarly journals Definitions and Operationalization of Mental Health Problems, Wellbeing and Participation Constructs in Children with NDD: Distinctions and Clarifications

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats Granlund ◽  
Christine Imms ◽  
Gillian King ◽  
Anna Karin Andersson ◽  
Lilly Augustine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Conceptual Clarity ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Children with impairments are known to experience more restricted participation than other children. It also appears that low levels of participation are related to a higher prevalence of mental health problems in children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). The purpose of this conceptual paper is to describe and define the constructs mental health problems, mental health, and participation to ensure that future research investigating participation as a means to mental health in children and adolescents with NDD is founded on conceptual clarity. We first discuss the difference between two aspects of mental health problems, namely mental disorder and mental illness. This discussion serves to highlight three areas of conceptual difficulty and their consequences for understanding the mental health of children with NDD that we then consider in the article: (1) how to define mental health problems, (2) how to define and assess mental health problems and mental health, i.e., wellbeing as separate constructs, and (3) how to describe the relationship between participation and wellbeing. We then discuss the implications of our propositions for measurement and the use of participation interventions as a means to enhance mental health (defined as wellbeing). Conclusions: Mental disorders include both diagnoses related to impairments in the developmental period, i.e., NDD and diagnoses related to mental illness. These two types of mental disorders must be separated. Children with NDD, just like other people, may exhibit aspects of both mental health problems and wellbeing simultaneously. Measures of wellbeing defined as a continuum from flourishing to languishing for children with NDD need to be designed and evaluated. Wellbeing can lead to further participation and act to protect from mental health problems.

scholarly journals Influence of chromium on the energy of growth of the black-and-white heifers

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-60
Author(s):  
Viktor Aleksandrovich Kokorev ◽  
Alexander Mikhailovich Guryanov ◽  
Nadezhda Ivanovna Gibalkina
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Different Levels

The influence of different levels of chromium in the diets of black-and-white heifers on the energy of their growth was studied. It was established that the optimization of this element in their diets increases the difference in live weight by the end of the period of their cultivation. So, at 27 months of age, heifers of the first group increased their live weight by 4.1 kg (p <0.05) and 2.0 kg, which is 0.8% and 0.4% more than peers from the second and the third group receiving a reduced and increased dosage of chromium

Evidence-Based Economics

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Reiss
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
The Third ◽  
Growth Change ◽  
The Interest Rate ◽  
Monetary Income ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractThis paper presents an outline of a methodology of ‘evidence-based economics’. The question whether an economic statement is evidence-based must be answered on three different levels. The first level concerns measurement: it asks whether claims made about economic quantities such as inflation, unemployment, growth or poverty are justified by the data and measurement procedures. The second level concerns induction: it asks whether claims made about the relations between economic quantities (such as ‘number of babies born predicts growth’, ‘change in money causes change in monetary income’, ‘non-borrowed reserves can be used to control the interest rate’), are justified by the inference procedures. The third level concerns idealisation: it asks whether the quantities and relations selected are justified by the stated aim of the inquiry. The paper provides a discussion of these three types of investigation and of some solutions that have been offered.

scholarly journals Introduction to special issue algorithmic transparency in government: Towards a multi-level perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-417
Author(s):  
Sarah Giest ◽  
Stephan Grimmelikhuijsen
Keyword(s):  
Research Agenda ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
European Regulation ◽  
Comparative Analyses ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Different Levels

The editorial sets the stage for the special issue on algorithmic transparency in government. The papers in the issue bring together transparency challenges experienced across different levels of government, including macro-, meso-, and micro-levels. This highlights that transparency issues transcend different levels of government – from European regulation to individual public bureaucrats. With a special focus on these links, the editorial sketches a future research agenda for transparency-related challenges. Highlighting these linkages is a first step towards seeing the bigger picture of why transparency mechanisms are put in place in some scenarios and not in others. Finally, this introduction present an agenda for future research, which opens the door to comparative analyses for future research and new insights for policymakers.

scholarly journals Evidence-Based Practices for Children, Youth, and Young Adults with Autism: Third Generation Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara Hume ◽  
Jessica R. Steinbrenner ◽  
Samuel L. Odom ◽  
Kristi L. Morin ◽  
Sallie W. Nowell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Adults With Autism ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Third ◽  
Youth And Young Adults

AbstractThis systematic review describes a set of practices that have evidence of positive effects with autistic children and youth. This is the third iteration of a review of the intervention literature (Odom et al. in J Autism Dev Disorders 40(4):425–436, 2010a; Prevent School Fail 54(4):275–282, 2010b; Wong et al. in https://autismpdc.fpg.unc.edu/sites/autismpdc.fpg.unc.edu/files/imce/documents/2014-EBP-Report.pdf; J Autism Dev Disorders 45(7):1951–1966, 2015), extending coverage to articles published between 1990 and 2017. A search initially yielded 31,779 articles, and the subsequent screening and evaluation process found 567 studies to include. Combined with the previous review, 972 articles were synthesized, from which the authors found 28 focused intervention practices that met the criteria for evidence-based practice (EBP). Former EBPs were recategorized and some manualized interventions were distinguished as meeting EBP criteria. The authors discuss implications for current practices and future research.

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