The upstanding for promotion–prevention (UPP) program: A motivation science approach to encourage active bystanding

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane McCarty ◽  
Kyle Pacque ◽  
Jordan Ashton Booker ◽  
Megan Liskey ◽  
Megan Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Violence Prevention ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
Bystander Intervention ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Intervention Model ◽  
Science Approach

Social problems and harmful behaviors can be prevented or mitigated when active bystanders intervene to help. As a result, prevention bystander intervention programs aim to prevent problems related to safety (e.g., sexual violence), health (e.g., injury or death), and justice (e.g., racial discrimination). In contrast, promotion bystander intervention programs aim to promote aspirations and desirable behaviors. This reality led us to develop an integrative Upstanding for Promotion-Prevention (UPP) program based on the decision-making steps of a revised bystander intervention model (i.e., notice an opportunity; interpret the situation; assume responsibility; select a promotion or prevention strategy; take action: Latané & Darley, 1970; McCarty, Arnold, Booker, Pacqué, & Liskey, 2021). Program participants experience a promotion track or prevention track to impact either the promoting pathway by changing assets or the protecting pathway by addressing risks and protective factors. The UPP program offers a motivation science approach to encourage upstanders to promote benefit and prevent harm in schools and on college campuses, within workplaces, online, and throughout communities. Ultimately, existing prevention bystander programs could adopt promotion elements to address safety through peace promotion and violence prevention, health through health promotion and disease prevention, and justice through antiracism promotion and racism prevention.

Bystander Prevention of Sexual and Dating Violence: An Experimental Evaluation of Online and In-Person Bystander Intervention Programs

Partner Abuse ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise A. Hines ◽  
Kathleen M. Palm Reed
Keyword(s):  
Dating Violence ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
Bystander Intervention ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Federal Mandates ◽  
Group Format ◽  
Pilot Feasibility Study ◽  
Incoming Students

Rates of sexual violence (SV) and dating violence (DV) are high on college campuses; federal law mandates colleges provide SV/DV prevention programming to incoming students. Programs showing the strongest empirical support are bystander programs; however, their small group format makes it impractical to use them with large student bodies. In a pilot feasibility study, we compared in-person and e-intervention SV/DV bystander intervention programs and randomly assigned 562 students to one of the programs. Students completed measures of knowledge and attitudes at 3 points over 6 months. Both groups changed significantly in the expected direction on all measures, with no differences between groups in change over time. Results suggest that e-interventions may be a viable alternative to in-person SV/DV programs for meeting federal mandates.

Standardisation of Moxibustion: Challenges and Future Development

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Yee Lim ◽  
Jian Huang ◽  
Baixiao Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Patient Safety ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
International Organization ◽  
International Organisations

International organisations such as WHO and the International Organization for Standardization are increasingly committed to the development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Moxibustion is an integral modality of acupuncture that has been in use for thousands of years. It stands out as a health choice due to its potential effects in disease prevention, health promotion and maintenance, as well as affordability and accessibility. As the use of moxibustion increases, concerns are being raised regarding its safety and quality. The need to establish standards to protect patient safety is paramount in all medical fields. As a form of medical practice, it is essential to develop moxibustion standards in the areas of terminology, moxibustion products, treatment rooms and practice to ensure its harmonisation and safe usage. The evidence base guiding policy and decision making has to be based on evidence from basic and clinical research. Promoting strategic basic and clinical research on the safety and effectiveness of moxibustion will answer some of the fundamental questions surrounding moxibustion, create a climate of awareness and acceptance and, in turn, drive its standardisation.

scholarly journals Developing Adaptive Learning Environments to Support Long-Term Health Promotion

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-32
Author(s):  
Tabbetha Lopez ◽  
Katherine R. Arlinghaus ◽  
Craig A. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Learning Environments ◽  
Adaptive Learning ◽  
Health Decisions ◽  
Unhealthy Behavior ◽  
Promotion Strategies ◽  
The Creation

Health promotion strategies typically include changing the environment, providing supervision to decrease the likelihood an unhealthy behavior will occur, and increasing skills to make decisions supporting health in environments in which such choices are challenging to make. The first two strategies are important in improving the environment to promote healthy decision making. However, the creation of restrictive environments has repeatedly shown to not support disease prevention in the long term. Restrictive environments do not support the development of skills to make healthy choices when restrictions are not in place. This is particularly true for children who are learning to navigate their environment and make health decisions. The creation of adaptive learning environments should be prioritized to help individuals develop the skills needed for long-term health promotion.

Bar Training for Active Bystanders: Evaluation of a Community-Based Bystander Intervention Program

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (13) ◽  
pp. 1614-1634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ráchael A. Powers ◽  
Jennifer Leili
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Program ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
Bystander Intervention ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Willingness To Intervene ◽  
Violence Prevention Programs ◽  
Research And Policy

Bystander intervention programs are proliferating on college campuses and are slowly gaining momentum as sexual violence prevention programs suitable for the larger community. In particular, bystander intervention programs aimed at bar staff have been developed in a number of locations. This study entails the exploratory evaluation of a community-based bystander program for bar staff. Using a pre–posttest design, this study suggests that evidence surrounding the effectiveness of this program is promising as it decreases rape myths, decreases barriers to intervention, and increases bartenders willingness to intervene. Future research and policy implications are discussed.

Financial elder abuse

2018 ◽  
pp. 51-70
Author(s):  
Mary Gilhooly ◽  
Deborah Kinnear ◽  
Miranda Davies ◽  
Kenneth Gilhooly ◽  
Priscilla Harries
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Mental Capacity ◽  
Bystander Intervention ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Older Person ◽  
Intervention Model ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Financial Elder Abuse

This chapter examines the possibilities of the ‘bystander intervention model’ to explore the decision making of health and social care professionals when detecting and attempting to prevent financial elder abuse. It is often suggested that the cases that come to the attention of professionals represent the ‘tip of the iceberg’. If this is the case, argue M Gilhooly, Cairns, Davies, K Gilhooly and Harries, at various points in the decision making process professionals must be deciding not to intervene. Although this UK study goes some way to explaining why professionals find it difficult to detect financial elder abuse, or fail to act when they suspect such abuse, the study also revealed that many professionals do play safe and act even when in doubt. The finding that ‘mental capacity’ was a key determinant of both certainty that abuse was taking place, and likelihood of intervention, is concerning. Prevention requires that such abuse is detected well before an older person loses mental capacity.

Sexual and Gender Minority Inclusivity in Bystander Intervention Programs to Prevent Violence on College Campuses: A Critical Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483802110216
Author(s):  
Katelyn T. Kirk-Provencher ◽  
Nichea S. Spillane ◽  
Melissa R. Schick ◽  
Sydney J. Chalmers ◽  
Courtney Hawes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dating Violence ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
Bystander Intervention ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Gender Minority ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minority ◽  
And Gender

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals are at increased risk for experiencing sexual violence. Bystander intervention training programs are a first-line prevention recommendation for reducing sexual and dating violence on college campuses. Little is known regarding the extent to which SGM individuals are represented in the content of bystander intervention programs or are included in studies examining the effectiveness of bystander intervention programs. The present critical review aimed to fill this gap in knowledge. Twenty-eight empirical peer-reviewed evaluations of bystander intervention programs aimed at reducing dating violence or sexual assault on college campuses were examined. Three studies (10.7%) described including content representing SGM individuals in the program. Personal communication with study authors indicated that—although not mentioned in the publication—many programs describe rates of violence among SGM students. When describing the study sample, six studies (21.4%) indicated that transgender, nonbinary, or students classified as “other” were included in the research. Approximately two thirds of studies (67.9%) did not describe participants’ sexual orientation. No studies reported outcomes specifically among SGM individuals, and two (7.1%) mentioned a lack of SGM inclusion as a study limitation. Work is needed to better represent SGM individuals in the content of bystander intervention programs and ensure adequate representation of SGM individuals in studies examining the effectiveness of bystander intervention programs.

Promoting the Community's Ability to Detect and Respond to Suicide Risk Through an Online Bystander Intervention Model-Informed Tool

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Karien Hill ◽  
Shawn Somerset ◽  
Ralf Schwarzer ◽  
Carina Chan
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Bystander Intervention ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intervention Model ◽  
Standard Material

Abstract. Background: The public health sector has advocated for more innovative, technology-based, suicide prevention education for the community, to improve their ability to detect and respond to suicide risk. Emerging evidence suggests addressing the bystander effect through the Bystander Intervention Model (BIM) in education material may have potential for suicide prevention. Aims: The current study aimed to assess whether BIM-informed tools can lead to improved readiness, confidence and intent in the community to detect and respond to suicide risk in others. Method: A sample of 281 adults recruited from the community participated in a randomized controlled trial comprising a factsheet designed according to the BIM (intervention group) and a standard factsheet about suicide and mental health (control group). Participants' self-reported detecting and responding to suicide risk readiness, confidence, and intent when presented with a suicidal peer was tested pre- and postintervention and compared across time and between groups. Results: The intervention group had significantly higher levels of detecting and responding to suicide risk readiness, confidence, and intent than the control group at postintervention (all p < .001) with moderate-to-large effect sizes. Limitations: The study was limited by a homogenous sample, too low numbers at follow-up to report, and self-report data only. Conclusion: This study demonstrates BIM-informed suicide prevention training may enhance the community's intervention readiness, confidence, and intent better than current standard material. Further testing in this area is recommended. While results were statistically significant, clinical significance requires further exploration.

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