The categorization of geometric objects in 3D and 2D contexts depends on invariant referents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Stephan ◽  
Sarah Placì ◽  
Michael R. Waldmann ◽  
Giorgio Vallortigara
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Dynamic Environments ◽  
Object Categorization ◽  
Geometrical Configuration ◽  
Geometrical Features ◽  
Geometric Objects ◽  
The World ◽  
Treat All

The categorization of geometric objects is one of the most fundamental problems all intelligent systems have to deal with in dynamic environments in which objects' geometrical configuration constantly changes. Animals, including humans, do not treat all geometrical differences equally: they ignore some geometrical features when it comes to generalization but not others. So far, no theory has been presented that explains this cognitive phenomenon. We here propose and empirically test such a theory. The theory identifies and relies on the invariant referents existing in 3D (i.e., gravity) and 2D (e.g., any 2D frame) environments to predict the geometrical differences reasoners consider as important or irrelevant for object categorization. We test and confirm a novel central prediction of the theory, namely that human reasoners categorize objects differently in 3D and 2D environments. These findings cast new light on core cognitive abilities that minds use to make sense of the world.

scholarly journals The categorization of geometric objects in 3D and 2D contexts depends on invariant referents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Placì ◽  
Simon Stephan ◽  
Michael R. Waldmann ◽  
Giorgio Vallortigara
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Dynamic Environments ◽  
Object Categorization ◽  
Geometrical Configuration ◽  
Geometrical Features ◽  
Geometric Objects ◽  
The World ◽  
Treat All

The categorization of geometric objects is one of the most fundamental problems all intelligent systems have to deal with in dynamic environments in which objects’ geometrical configuration constantly changes. Animals, including humans, do not treat all geometrical differences equally: they ignore some geometrical features when it comes to generalization but not others. So far, no theory has been presented that explains this cognitive phenomenon. We here propose and empirically test such a theory. The theory identifies and relies on the invariant referents existing in 3D (i.e., gravity) and 2D (e.g., any 2D frame) environments to predict the geometrical differences reasoners consider as important or irrelevant for object categorization. We test and confirm a novel central prediction of the theory, namely that human reasoners categorize objects differently in 3D and 2D environments. These findings cast new light on core cognitive abilities that minds use to make sense of the world.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN MEDIA PEMBEMBELAJARAN KOGNITIF DALAM MATERI PERSAMAAN GARIS LURUS MENGGUNAKAN VIDEO DI ERA 4.0

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Fine Siwi ◽  
Nicky Dwi Puspaningtyas
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Visual Media ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Learning Mathematics ◽  
The World ◽  
Video Based Learning

AbstractAt this time thinking creativity is low in the world of education. To improve creative thinking patterns urgently, as educators must have ways to improve them. Learning mathematics can be done only through the medium of learning mathematics. Audio-visual media, is a type of media used in learning activities with hearing and vision in one process or activity. Messages and information that can be channeled through this media can consist of verbal and nonverbal messages that depend on the sight whether hearing. In this 4.0 era, students are required to be better able to think cognitive in learning. Fully creative thinking including in the current era is needed. However, at this time creative thinking in the world of education is low. To improve the importance of creative thinking patterns, as educators who already have a way to improve it by using learning media. Therefore the material explanation method is made using video-based media to facilitate students in understanding the material and also improve their cognitive abilities. This research can prove through video-based learning media can be an effective method in improving students' cognitive abilities. Keywords: Media, Video, Cognitive

scholarly journals InnovFaceNet: Deep Face Recognition for Industrial Environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Nagarjun Gururaj ◽  
Kanika Batra
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Facial Recognition ◽  
Industrial Plant ◽  
The World ◽  
Industrial Environments ◽  
Or Organization ◽  
Security Surveillance

In recent times the usage of intelligent systems have paved way formany applications to be robust and self-reliant. One such popularand vast growing technology is face recognition. Facial Recognitiontechnology is used in security, surveillance, criminal justice systemsand many other multimedia platforms. This work proposes a realtime facial recognition technology which can be used in any industrialsetup eliminating manual supervision, ensuring authorized accessto the personnel in the plant. Due to the recent development ofCOVID-19 pandemic around the world, wearing masks has becomea necessity. Our proposed facial recognition technology identifies aperson’s face with mask or no mask in real time with a speed of20 FPS on a CPU and an F1-score of 95.07%. This makes ouralgorithm fast, secure, robust and deployable on a simple personalcomputer or any edge device at any industrial plant or organization.

scholarly journals Enhancing cognitive and entrepreneurship competencies through EBL

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-292
Author(s):  
Kholilah ◽  
Vega Wafaretta ◽  
Dian Syariati
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Entrepreneurial Skills ◽  
Learning Challenges ◽  
The World ◽  
Student Center ◽  
And Control

Purpose Entrepreneurship-based learning (EBL) is one of the student-center learningmethods that can answer learning challenges in the era of industrial revolution 4.0. EBL is expected to improve students’ competencies and make students more adaptable to the changes in the world of work in the future. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach This study uses quasi-experiments and divides classes into project class and control class. The project consists of making business proposals, conducting business, liquidating the partnership, and recording business transaction using the Xero platform. The Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test, Mann–Whitney Test and independent t-test were carried out to test whether there are differences of cognitive abilities and entrepreneurial (general, social and functional) competencies between the project class and control class. Findings The results of the study shows there are differences of understanding of partnership accounting and the achievement of social and functional entrepreneurial competencies between the project class and control class. Research limitations/implications This study implies in using EBL to improve entrepreneurial skills for students beyond cognitive abilities. Originality/value The novelty of this research is the implementation of EBL in partnership accounting topics.

Cognitive abilities and income: preliminary evidence from a developing country

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raufhon Salahodjaev ◽  
Ziyodakhon Malikova
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Standard Deviation Increase ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Unconditional Model ◽  
The World

Purpose Related literature finds that human capital proxied by cognitive abilities is an important antecedent of numerous specific life outcomes. The purpose of this study is to extend existing evidence by investigating the link between cognitive skills and income in Tajikistan. Tajikistan is a landlocked low-income country situated in Central Asia. Its population is 9.1 million people and gross domestic product per capita of US$822. According to the World Bank, Tajikistan has made significant progress in decreasing poverty levels from 83% in 2000 to 29.5% in 2017. Design/methodology/approach The data for this study comes from the 2013 Jobs, Skills and Migration Survey conducted by the World Bank and the German Society for International Cooperation. The main explanatory variable of the study is the cognitive abilities index of the respondents. The survey used item response theory (IRT) approach to estimate the ability of respondents. IRT is a method or a set of statistical frameworks, used to explore assessment item data, such as cognitive abilities assessment data. The wage function was estimated using the ordinary least squares method because the results are easier to interpret (Jencks, 1979; Bowles et al., 2001; Groves, 2006). Findings The baseline results are reported in Table 2. The results in Column 1 demonstrated the link between cognitive abilities and income without control variables (unconditional model). As expected, cognitive abilities are positively and significantly related to income (a1 = 0.0715, p < 0.01). The results from the unconditional model suggest that one standard deviation increase in cognitive abilities is associated with a nearly 17% increase in income. Research limitations/implications However, the study has a number of limitations. First, the dependent variable measures the overall income of the respondent, which includes the profit from other businesses. The survey does not provide data on monthly wages of respondents. Second, the sample may not perfectly represent the overall population of Tajikistan. To partially resolve this issue, this paper re-estimated out results for various sub-samples. Another important limitation of this study is the lack of respondent’s family background, which is an important correlate of human capital and income. Practical implications The results in the study offer preliminary evidence on the link between cognitive abilities and income in Tajikistan. However, the results of the study also suggest that both measures of human capital are positively related to income. Therefore, policymakers in Tajikistan should invest greater resources to health care, education and training programs as cognitive skills can be built in particular in the early stages of the life cycle. Indeed, Tajikistan has a significant potential for economic growth model driven by human capital. According to the World Bank, the adult literacy rate in Tajikistan is 100%, which is significantly above of what is observed in other developing countries. This may imply that the human potential in this country is considerable, and further investment in soft and hard skills would have a positive impact on economic growth. Originality/value This paper offers new evidence on the link between cognitive abilities and income, using data from Tajikistan. First, this paper finds that cognitive abilities are positively and significantly correlated with income. Second, this paper finds that this link remains robust even when this paper control for a large set of personal and job-related characteristics. The results from the unconditional model suggest that one standard deviation increase in cognitive abilities is associated with nearly a 17% increase in income.

Application of Artificial Neural Networks for Heart Disease Prediction

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 4190-4196
Author(s):  
Kumar Suyash ◽  
K. R. Shobha
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Back Propagation ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Science Field ◽  
The World ◽  
Significant Life

Heart related diseases are on a rise throughout the world. While the WHO estimates 31% of all deaths worldwide are caused by heart related diseases, some estimates even attribute 18 million deaths throughout the world due to such diseases. Although, the monumental strides in the field of machine learning, especially neural networks have enabled us to solve complex recognition problems, we still at large have been unable to utilize their power to the maximum in the data rich medical science field. These networks can in fact be used to construct intelligent systems which can help predict the presence of heart diseases in their early stages. Such intelligent systems shall result in significant life savings due to the readily available timely medical care and the following treatments. Encompassing the techniques of classification, a supervised learning approach of machine learning, in these intelligent systems can be aimed at pinpointing the accurate diagnosis. This paper thus, proposes a diagnostic system for predicting the presence of heart diseases using neural networks with back propagation.

«Quanta» Language Consciousness and Problems in the Functioning of the Communicative Norms

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Татьяна Черкашина ◽  
Tatiana Cherkashina ◽  
Н. Новикова ◽  
N. Novikova ◽  
О. Трубина ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
Globalizing World ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The article considers the conceptualization of the world from the point of view of its methodological paradigm assessment in the context of the globalizing world. A retrospective analysis of the relationship between language and human speech activity is given. The authors explain the role of language as a socio-cultural phenomenon in the formation of worldview systems that develop in the consciousness with the help of minimal units of human experience in their ideal meaningful representation in special concepts, which allows the individual to think within the boundaries of a certain linguistic picture of the world. Analyzes the problems of the functioning of communicative norms with regard to the hierarchy of the spiritual representations of the world. The article attempts to consider the impact of the “blurring” of the information boundaries of the globalizing world on the cognitive abilities of the individual in the nomination, qualification of the subject, phenomenon, process.

PLANNING AND REACTING ACROSS SUPERVENIENT LEVELS OF REPRESENTATION

1992 ◽  
Vol 01 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 411-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEE SPECTOR ◽  
JAMES HENDLER
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Hierarchical Control ◽  
Dynamic Environments ◽  
Ai Planning ◽  
Planning Systems ◽  
Complex Dynamic ◽  
Strong Constraint ◽  
External Agents

For intelligent systems to interact with external agents and changing domains, they must be able to perceive and to affect their environments while computing long term projection (planning) of future states. This paper describes and demonstrates the supervenience architecture, a multilevel architecture for integrating planning and reacting in complex, dynamic environments. We briefly review the underlying concept of supervenience, a form of abstraction with affinities both to abstraction in AI planning systems, and to knowledge-partitioning schemes in hierarchical control systems. We show how this concept can be distilled into a strong constraint on the design of dynamic-world planning systems. We then describe the supervenience architecture and an implementation of the architecture called APE (for Abstraction-Partitioned Evaluator). The application of APE to the HomeBot domain is used to demonstrate the capabilities of the architecture.

scholarly journals Sensual and conceptual component of the conceptual binary opposition HUMAN BEING – TECHNOLOGY in the works by Ray Bradbury

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
Binary Opposition ◽  
Conceptual Content ◽  
The World ◽  
Ray Bradbury ◽  
Binary Oppositions

The article is focused on the study of the sensual and conceptual component of the conceptual binary opposition human being – technology in Ray Bradbury’s works. The relevance of the research is based on the constant interest of the scientists in the study of binary opposition. The duality of world perception results in writers’ (including Ray Bradbury ) using binary oppositions as a means of conveying their own attitude to the spiritual values on mankind and the very sense of the world. The research identifies the theoretical prerequisites for the duality of human perception; reveals the methodology of frame analysis of concepts as members of binary oppositions; investigates the characteristics of concepts human being and technology as oppositions in Ray Bradbury’s works. The study shows that binary oppositions in the fictional text are preconditioned by the very nature of fiction. Binary oppositions in the fictional text have sensual and conceptual content, thus, the analysis of binary oppositions in the works of a writer gives the opportunity to identify the peculiarities of the writer’s worldview and to understand it in a more profound way. Binary oppositions are realized in the form of opposition of concepts as basic units of the cognitive code of humans with a relatively ordered internal structure. The study of concepts is carried out through the construction of frames as a means of generalized visual concept scheme. It is based and modeled on the relevant sources, collected in a single system of research and illustrative resources, and their graphical representation. This gives the possibility to identify the components of each concept and to analyze the parameters which the author considers to oppose the concepts. It is revealed that the binary opposition human being – technology in Ray Bradbury’s works is represented as an opposition of the key slots of these concept. Thus, it can be considered as a direct opposition of such slots as: animate – inanimate on the basis of functioning; feeling – insensibility on the basis of emotional capability of the world perception; interest – staticity on the basis of the cognitive abilities, and creativity – predation on the basis of the principle aim of a human being and technology.

scholarly journals AGILE FRAMEWORK BASED IOT APPLICATION FOR FIRE DETECTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-167
Author(s):  
Dhatri Raval, Dr. Jaimin Undavia, Dr. Atul Patel
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Fire Detection ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Free Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Entire World ◽  
Fire Accidents ◽  
New System

The recent times the entire world is moving towards the automation and sensor based systems, applications and solutions. Tons of data are now generated without a single human intervention as the data collection is automated through such intelligent systems. Once you have huge amount of error free data with you, one can use it in various aspects for the betterment of any new system or system already on floor. The advent of IoT has changed the world of manufacturing industries too through installation of different sensors with high proximity. Such automated and intelligent systems are used to automate the routine process, signaling any accident, switch off/on any device which may lead to a hazard, automatic supervision of any process, etc. This article offers a framework to prevent fire accidents within the industry involving fire problems. The proposed system is going to be an IoT based solution with well equipped sensors and other triggering devices.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document