scholarly journals The belief-action gap in environmental psychology: How wide? How irrational?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurore Grandin ◽  
Melusine Boon-Falleur ◽  
Coralie Chevallier
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Environmental Psychology ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Measurement Issues ◽  
Environmental Domain ◽  
Number Of Factors

The belief-action gap was originally conceptualized by psychologists who aimed to ground behaviour in beliefs but found that their models had little predictive value. The recurrent use of this concept often comes with the assumption that human behaviour is somewhat irrational or weirdly misaligned with their beliefs. This gap is particularly striking in the environmental domain, where many people seemingly think one way but act another. In this chapter, we review a number of factors that hinder general beliefs from translating into actual behaviours. We emphasize the existence of measurement issues, information deficits about the exact impact of one’s actions, structural factors and psychological factors that together impact the robustness of the association between beliefs and actions. In particular, socio-cognitive factors have a massive impact on people’s decisions to act in ways that are aligned with their deep- seated beliefs. Once all these factors are properly taken into account, it becomes clear that the belief-action gap is not a token of human irrationality but should in fact be expected.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Use in Relation with Psychological Profiles of Farmers of a French Pig Cooperative

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Jean-Charles David ◽  
Arnaud Buchet ◽  
Jean-Noël Sialelli ◽  
Sylvain Delouvée
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Psychological Profiles

(1) Background: We focus on the psychological factors that influence pig farmers’ antibiotic use, which is not exclusively determined by the technical, health and structural factors of livestock farming. (2) Methods: We visited farming sites and asked 91 pig farmers about various psychosocial dimensions that could be considered relevant in explaining antibiotic use. (3) Results: The results indicate the existence of three livestock-farmer sub-profiles, each of which is associated with distinct psychological characteristics and antibiotic use levels. (4) Conclusions: We discuss the implications of antibiotic use for livestock in terms of communication and support.

Pendampingan Orang Tua untuk Menstimulus Belajar Anak Disleksia

Jurnal Anifa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Novita Sari Hsb
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Learning Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Language Understanding ◽  
Data Presentation ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Children First ◽  
The Brain

Dyslexia is a disorder in certain parts of the brain that causes learning disorders in sufferers. Dyslexia is usually characterized by difficulties in language, understanding words or sentences, both in writing, reading, and spelling. This study aims to determine the causes of dyslexia in children and to recognize signs of dyslexia in children. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. In this study, the object of the study was a child suffering from dyslexia. Meanwhile, the research subjects were parents of children with dyslexia. Data collection through library research and interview techniques. The data were analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation and describe conclusions. The results of this study are that two factors cause dyslexia in children. First, cognitive factors include problems in the pronunciation pattern of letters and a lack of phonology or sound when reading in the child concerned. Second, psychological factors, the existence of problems in socializing and have low trust. The signs of dyslexia that appeared in the children studied were children who were very slow in reading, often flipped syllables by entering other letters, and the ability to recognize letters was very low so that they often mispronounced or pronounced letters.

Effects of Psychological and Cognitive Factors on the Relation between Entrepreneurial Intention and Academic Hazing: Case of the New Students in the Faculty of Social and Human Sciences at the University of Beira – Portugal

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Garcez ◽  
Mário Franco
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
New Students ◽  
The University

Abstract This study aims to (1) analyse whether university students’ psychological and cognitive factors influence the entrepreneurial intention and integration in academic hazing, and (2) assess the effect the entrepreneurial intention may have on integration in academic hazing. Using a sample of 258 new students from the Faculty of Social and Human Sciences at the University of Beira – Portugal, we use structural equation model (SEM) to test our hypotheses. From the structural model, the outcomes reveal that students’ cognitive and psychological factors influence their entrepreneurial intention, but no statistically significant direct effects of these factors were found on academic hazing. Another conclusion is that the entrepreneurial intention has a positive influence on students’ academic hazing and there is an indirect effect of psychological factors on this relation. In this study, a new and innovative construct is inserted in the model of entrepreneurial intention: “Academic Hazing”. Academic hazing is characterised as a ritual of initiation for new students at universities.

Explaining Great Power Cooperation in Conflict Management

1992 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Miller
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Conflict Management ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Better Than

This essay presents a theoretical model for explaining great power cooperation in conflict management. The model refines recent cooperation theory by distinguishing between types and degrees of international cooperation. It also challenges the dominance of decisionmaking analysis in the crisis literature and supplements it with structural factors. In brief, the model suggests that whereas crisis cooperation (crisis management) is conditioned by structural elements, cooperation in normal diplomacy (conflict resolution) depends on state attributes and cognitive factors. Such a model can account for the fact that unintended wars can break out between relatively moderate and similar actors whereas immoderate and dissimilar states can manage crises effectively. At the same time the model explains why some states are able to cooperate in normal diplomacy better than others, even when more actors are cooperating.

Human Behaviour and the Development of Cities and Regions

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-34
Author(s):  
Robert Huggins ◽  
Piers Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Development Outcomes ◽  
Urban And Regional Development ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Behavioural Theories

This chapter argues that the roots of behavioural theories of development relate to the interplay between cultural and psychological factors, with institutions playing a moderating role between intended and actualized human behaviour. It proposes that the forms of human agency associated with such behaviour are likely to impact upon urban and regional development outcomes. It introduces the role of power, and how this underpins the means by which agency facilitates institutional change. To connect the arguments made in the preceding sections, it sketches an emergent conceptual behavioural model of urban and regional development, and concludes that urban and regional development theories should seek to engage further with behavioural explanations as a means of understanding long-term evolutionary patterns.

scholarly journals A Survey of Critical Success Factors of Private Banks in Electronic Banking Services

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Nour Mohammad Yaghoubi ◽  
Reza Siavashi ◽  
Roohollah Bahmaei
Keyword(s):  
Success Factors ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
Electronic Banking ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Financial Factors ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
Private Banks ◽  
Comprehensive Framework

<p>One of the key problems in development of electronic banking services, is the lack of a comprehensive framework to recognize and evaluate the crucial factors of banking success in offering electronic services, which in this study it has been addressed directly. By exploratory factor analysis, the main variables of model are determined and a comprehensive model to identify the key elements of private banks successes in offering electronic services, have been discovered and delineated. This comprehensive model, falls the key elements in six main groups of technical- structural factors, financial factors, cultural- cognitive factors, managerial factors (macro and micro), legal  -lawful Factors and qualitative - Security Factors of the System. On the other hand, in each group, the most important items in terms of correlation with the success of electronic banking services are determined.<strong> </strong>And at last, a comprehensive framework and constructive suggestions in order to solve the issue in electronic banking industry is presented. The model can be an appropriate and valid basis for conducting future researches in the mentioned field.</p>

Measurement Issues in Human Behaviour Theory

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter W. Hudson ◽  
Annatjie C. Faul
Keyword(s):  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Measurement Issues

scholarly journals Adoption of Preventive Measures During the Very Early Phase of the COVID-19 Outbreak in China: National Cross-sectional Survey Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Lau ◽  
Yanqiu Yu ◽  
Meiqi Xin ◽  
Rui She ◽  
Sitong Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

BACKGROUND The outbreak of COVID-19 in China occurred around the Chinese New Year (January 25, 2020), and infections decreased continuously afterward. General adoption of preventive measures during the Chinese New Year period was crucial in driving the decline. It is imperative to investigate preventive behaviors among Chinese university students, who could have spread COVID-19 when travelling home during the Chinese New Year break. OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated levels of COVID-19–related personal measures undertaken during the 7-day Chinese New Year holidays by university students in China, and associated COVID-19–related cognitive factors. METHODS A cross-sectional anonymous web-based survey was conducted during the period from February 1 to 10, 2020. Data from 23,863 students (from 26 universities, 16 cities, 13 provincial-level regions) about personal measures (frequent face-mask wearing, frequent handwashing, frequent home staying, and an indicator that combined the 3 behaviors) were analyzed (overall response rate 70%). Multilevel multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS Only 28.0% of respondents (6684/23,863) had left home for &gt;4 hours, and 49.3% (11,757/23,863) had never left home during the 7-day Chinese New Year period; 79.7% (19,026/23,863) always used face-masks in public areas. The frequency of handwashing with soap was relatively low (6424/23,863, 26.9% for &gt;5 times/day); 72.4% (17,282/23,863) had frequently undertaken ≥2 of these 3 measures. COVID-19–related cognitive factors (perceptions on modes of transmission, permanent bodily damage, efficacy of personal or governmental preventive measures, nonavailability of vaccines and treatments) were significantly associated with preventive measures. Associations with frequent face-mask wearing were stronger than those with frequent home staying. CONCLUSIONS University students had strong behavioral responses during the very early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak. Levels of personal prevention, especially frequent home staying and face-mask wearing, were high. Health promotion may modify cognitive factors. Some structural factors (eg, social distancing policy) might explain why the frequency of home staying was higher than that of handwashing. Other populations might have behaved similarly; however, such data were not available to us. CLINICALTRIAL

scholarly journals The Effect of Psychological Factors on Cognitive Functions in Stroke Patients With Chronic Fatigue

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-192
Author(s):  
Lale Lajevardi ◽  
◽  
Ghorban Taghizade ◽  
Zahra Parnain ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Chronic Stroke ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
State Examination

Background and Objectives: Cognitive and psychological impairments are among the disabling consequences of chronic stroke. Despite the high prevalence of these impairments in patients with chronic stroke and the significant impact of psychological factors on cognitive factors in other neurological diseases, no study was found to investigate the relationship between psychological factors and cognitive factors in chronic stroke patients with chronic fatigue. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between psychological factors and cognitive functions in chronic stroke patients with chronic fatigue Methods: A total of 85 chronic stroke patients with chronic fatigue visited the Rehabilitation Centers of Tehran, Iran, were selected through the simple non-probability sampling method and enrolled in this correlational study. The Fatigue Severity Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and Beck Anxiety Inventory were used to measure the levels of the fatigue, depression, and anxiety of patients with strokes, respectively. Besides, the cognitive functions of the participants were assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and the Pain Visual Analog Scale. Results: Based on the regression models, the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment explained up to 24.2% and 39.6% of the variance of cognitive functions, respectively. In all step-by-step models, the variables of anxiety, education level, and depression were the strongest predictors of cognitive functions. Conclusion: According to the clinical findings, psychological impairments, such as anxiety can adversely affect cognitive factors in chronic stroke patients with chronic fatigue. Therefore, therapeutic interventions focused on psychological factors may considerably improve the cognitive skills of these patients.

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