scholarly journals Perceived vaccine safety over time in a vaccine hesitant sample: Impact of pausing due to safety concerns

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Rodebaugh ◽  
Madelyn Frumkin ◽  
Rachel Garg ◽  
Laura LaGesse ◽  
Amy McQueen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Current Effort ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Intensive Longitudinal Data ◽  
Perceptions Of Safety ◽  
Vaccine Availability ◽  
Over Time

In the current effort to vaccinate as many people as possible against COVID-19, it has been suggested that events such as the pause in the use of the Janssen vaccine would have a large effect on perceptions of vaccine safety. Further, as vaccination rates slow, there is concern that hesitancy may be stable and difficult to change among those still unvaccinated. We examined both of these issues in our ongoing study of low-income participants. We modeled the intensive longitudinal data provided by 53 individuals. We found the negative, not statistically significant effect of the Janssen pause would be overwhelmed within weeks by the statistically significant increasing perceptions of safety across time. We also observed strong variability in vaccine hesitancy in many participants. Frequent reminders about vaccine availability might catch more people when they are less hesitant, helping increase vaccination rates.

Compulsory vaccinations for children: Balancing the competing human rights at stake

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-267
Author(s):  
Francesca Camilleri
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Childhood Diseases ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Competing Interests ◽  
European Court ◽  
Controversial Topic ◽  
Vaccine Confidence

Vaccination for children has been a controversial topic for decades and lately it has regained particular importance. We have seen an increase in vaccine hesitancy and decrease in vaccine confidence throughout Europe, particularly due to vaccine-safety concerns by parents. Consequently, vaccination rates for children have dropped and this in turn has led to an increased spread of vaccine-preventable infectious diseases, such as measles. As a reaction to this phenomenon of vaccine hesitancy, several European countries have introduced, while others are in the process of introducing, laws making vaccinations compulsory for children for a number of vaccine-preventable childhood diseases. The introduction of such laws affects and gives rise to several competing interests of the parents, the child and the State. Against this background, this article seeks to determine how the European Court of Human Rights should balance the competing human rights that are at stake in cases concerning compulsory vaccinations for children.

scholarly journals What Barriers Exist in the Minds of Vaccine-Hesitant Parents, and How Can We Address Them?

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 626-630
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Kerrigan ◽  
Imane Aitnouri ◽  
Jessica Mar ◽  
Wayne Altman
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Vaccine Schedule ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Sexual Concerns

Background and Objectives: Despite substantial health benefits and prolific research efforts to demonstrate safety and increase uptake, vaccine hesitancy has increased dramatically. This study aimed to systematically analyze available literature on vaccine hesitancy in the United States and determine the rationale behind vaccine-hesitant parents and potential interventions. Methods: We conducted a literature search and identified 232 articles; we included 90 after screening. We pulled information from each article using standardized questions for “type of study,” “population,” “specific vaccine,” “reasons for hesitancy,” “hesitancy prevalence,” “attempt at change,” “results of intervention,” and “future interventions.” We created recurrent themes from the data and analyzed these themes via descriptive statistics. Results: Vaccine safety was the most commonly identified reason for vaccine hesitancy amongst studies (50%), followed by not enough information (30%), side effects (26%), low risk of disease (26%), social norms (22%), vaccine schedule (21%), not recommended by doctor (21%), efficacy (18%), cost/access (13%), sexual concerns (12%) and distrust of establishment (7%). Only 20% of papers documented an intervention, and <50% of these reported increased vaccination rates or intent. More research was the most commonly identified next step (49%). Conclusions: Despite large amounts of research on vaccination rates, patients are still reporting not enough information and safety as the most common reasons for vaccine hesitancy. Interventions were few and without promising results. More research was the most suggested intervention. Such research must address concerns of the vaccine-hesitant community, comparing risks and benefits of each vaccination in a longitudinal, coherent, and transparently unbiased fashion.

scholarly journals Vaccine Hesitancy in the Time of COVID-19: Attitudes and Intentions of Teens and Parents Regarding the COVID-19 Vaccine

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Amy B. Middleman ◽  
Judy Klein ◽  
Jane Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Parental Concerns ◽  
The Us ◽  
Coverage Rates

To assess attitudes and intentions related to the COVID-19 vaccine during the pandemic, we surveyed adolescents aged 13–18 years and the parents of 13–18-year-olds using national research panels on three occasions or “waves”: before the COVID-19 vaccine was available, after it was available for adults, and after it was available for ages ≥12 years. Data on experiences with COVID-19, the importance of adolescent vaccines, and intentions regarding COVID-19 vaccination were analyzed across time points. We found that parental concerns about vaccine safety significantly increased from Wave 1 to 2. Social media had a negative influence on parents’ and adolescents’ opinions about vaccine safety. Demographic variables were associated with vaccination rates reported in Wave 3, consistent with known inequities related to vaccine access. Parents (70%) were supportive of concomitant COVID-19 vaccination with other adolescent vaccines for teens. It is important to address variables associated with vaccine hesitancy to increase COVID-19 vaccine coverage rates in the US.

scholarly journals Social media and vaccine hesitancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. e004206
Author(s):  
Steven Lloyd Wilson ◽  
Charles Wiysonge
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Digital Society ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Society Project

BackgroundUnderstanding the threat posed by anti-vaccination efforts on social media is critically important with the forth coming need for world wide COVID-19 vaccination programs. We globally evaluate the effect of social media and online foreign disinformation campaigns on vaccination rates and attitudes towards vaccine safety.MethodsWeuse a large-n cross-country regression framework to evaluate the effect ofsocial media on vaccine hesitancy globally. To do so, we operationalize social media usage in two dimensions: the use of it by the public to organize action(using Digital Society Project indicators), and the level of negative lyoriented discourse about vaccines on social media (using a data set of all geocoded tweets in the world from 2018-2019). In addition, we measure the level of foreign-sourced coordinated disinformation operations on social media ineach country (using Digital Society Project indicators). The outcome of vaccine hesitancy is measured in two ways. First, we use polls of what proportion ofthe public per country feels vaccines are unsafe (using Wellcome Global Monitor indicators for 137 countries). Second, we use annual data of actual vaccination rates from the WHO for 166 countries.ResultsWe found the use of social media to organise offline action to be highly predictive of the belief that vaccinations are unsafe, with such beliefs mounting as more organisation occurs on social media. In addition, the prevalence of foreign disinformation is highly statistically and substantively significant in predicting a drop in mean vaccination coverage over time. A 1-point shift upwards in the 5-point disinformation scale is associated with a 2-percentage point drop in mean vaccination coverage year over year. We also found support for the connection of foreign disinformation with negative social media activity about vaccination. The substantive effect of foreign disinformation is to increase the number of negative vaccine tweets by 15% for the median country.ConclusionThere is a significant relationship between organisation on social media and public doubts of vaccine safety. In addition, there is a substantial relationship between foreign disinformation campaigns and declining vaccination coverage.

scholarly journals The anti-vaccination infodemic on social media: a behavioral analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Germani ◽  
Nikola Biller-Andorno
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Health Organizations ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Effective Strategies

AbstractVaccinations are without doubt one of the greatest achievements of modern medicine, and there is hope that they can constitute a solution to halt the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. However, the anti-vaccination movement is currently on the rise, spreading online misinformation about vaccine safety and causing a worrying reduction in vaccination rates worldwide. In this historical time, it is imperative to understand the reasons of vaccine hesitancy, and to find effective strategies to dismantle the rhetoric of anti-vaccination supporters. For this reason, we analyzed the behavior of anti-vaccination supporters on the platform Twitter. Here we identify that anti-vaccination supporters, in comparison to pro-vaccination supporters, share conspiracy theories and make use of emotional language. We demonstrate that anti-vaccination supporters are more engaged in discussions on Twitter and share their contents from a pull of strong influencers. We show that the movement’s success relies on a strong sense of community, based on the contents produced by a small fraction of profiles, with the community at large serving as a sounding board for anti-vaccination discourse to circulate online. Surprisingly, our data demonstrate that Donald Trump, together with members of his entourage and his closest supporters, are the main drivers of vaccine misinformation on Twitter. Based on these results, we propose to strategically target the anti-vaccination community online through policies that aim at halting the circulation of false information about vaccines. Based on our data, we also propose solutions to improve the communication strategy of health organizations and build a community of engaged influencers that support the dissemination of scientific insights, including issues related to vaccines and their safety.

scholarly journals Physicians’ Experience with COVID-19 Vaccination: A Survey Study

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1746
Author(s):  
Alina Dima ◽  
Ciprian Jurcut ◽  
Daniel Vasile Balaban ◽  
Valeriu Gheorghita ◽  
Ruxandra Jurcut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Safety Profile ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Additional Information

Background: COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy remains high in the general population and is the main determinant of low vaccination rates and of the fourth pandemic wave severity in Romania. Additional information is needed to raise awareness over vaccine efficiency and the safety profile. Objective: To assess self-reported experience related to COVID-19 vaccination in Romanian physicians. Design, Setting, and Participants: A cross-sectional, self-administered questionnaire-based survey, distributed online in the period 24 March to 24 May 2021. The survey included 30 cascade questions with skip logic filters. All physicians included filled in the questionnaire voluntarily and anonymously. Not all respondents filled in all questions. Main outcome and measure: Primary outcomes addressed were related to the COVID-19 vaccine safety profile. Results: 407/467 (87.15%) of the respondents’ physicians were fully vaccinated, mostly with the Pfizer—BioNTech (Comirnaty)—BNT162b2 vaccine, with the peak of immunization in January 2021, with almost four-fifths of the study participants. Regarding COVID-19, almost 20% physicians had the infection and one declared COVID-19 re-infection. A number of 48/420 (11.42%) and 47/419 (11.22%) of the vaccinated physicians did not report any side effects after the first or second vaccine dose. However, most of the side effects reported were minor. Only 50/360 (13.88%) physicians reported the vaccine side effects on the dedicated online national platform. Approximately 40% respondents checked the anti-spike SARS-CoV2 antibodies’ titer after complete vaccination, of which two cases reported indeterminate levels. Lower anti-spike SARS-CoV2 antibodies’ titer of 100–1000 times the laboratory limit was more frequent in naive physicians (36.95% versus 14.28%, p = 0.012), moderate titers were similar, while very high levels, more than 10,000 times laboratory limit, were more frequent in physicians with previous COVID-19 infection (2.17% versus 42.85%, p < 0.001). Conclusions and relevance: In this cross-sectional survey study on the COVID-19 vaccination among Romanian physicians, we describe a safety vaccination profile among Romanian physicians.

scholarly journals Latent Markov Factor Analysis: A Mixture Modeling Approach for Evaluating Within- and Between-Person Measurement Model Differences in Intensive Longitudinal Data

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonie V. D. E. Vogelsmeier
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Response Styles ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Intensive Longitudinal Data ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Depressive Episodes ◽  
Over Time

SUMMARY DOCTORAL DISSERTATION: Experience sampling methodology, in which participants are repeatedly questioned via smartphone apps, is popular for studying psychological constructs or “factors” (e.g., well-being or depression) within persons over time. The validity of such studies (e.g., concerning treatment decisions) may be hampered by distortions of the measurement of the relevant constructs due to response styles or item interpretations that change over time and differ across persons. In this PhD project, we developed a new approach to evaluate person- and time-point-specific distortions of the construct measurements, taking into account the specific characteristics of (time-intensive) longitudinal data inherent to experience sampling studies. Our new approach, latent Markov factor analysis, extends mixture factor analysis and clusters time-points within persons according to their factor model. The factor model describes how well items measure the constructs. With the new approach, researchers can examine how many and which factor models underlie the data, for which persons and time-points they apply, and thus which observations are validly comparable. Such insights can also be interesting in their own right. In personalized healthcare, for example, detecting changes in response styles is critical for accurate decisions about treatment allocation over time, as response styles may be related to the occurrence of depressive episodes.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude and Acceptance of a COVID-19 Vaccine in Indian Population : a Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Soni ◽  
Devanshi Tripathi ◽  
Manju Bhaskar ◽  
Rujul Modi
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Vaccine Availability

Abstract INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic keeping on to devastate the world. A vaccine provides the best hope to control the pandemic. Understanding vaccine acceptance is important, because there is relatively high vaccine hesitancy for existing vaccines and relatively low vaccination coverage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants included are adults between the age group of 18-29 years (n=100). This is a cross-sectional, web based observational study conducted over a period of 1 month. An online survey is carried out through distribution of questionnaire via social network with snow ball effect. RESULTS: A total 100 participants were included in the study. Almost more than half (55%) of the young adults aged between 18 and 29 years were oblivious about the COVID-19 vaccine availability, followed by 22% person aged between 30-39 years and 22% of the persons aged between 40- 59 years and around 1% of more than 60 years were oblivious about the vaccine availability. Among the study participants, nearly 40% were willing to take COVID-19 vaccine when it is available for use and only 30% did not want the vaccination. CONCLUSION: The most dominant factor for vaccine hesitancy is because of adverse effects following immunization. Vaccine acceptability may be increased once additional information about vaccine safety and efficacy is available in the public domain, preferably from a trusted, centralized source of information.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and practice towards COVID-19 vaccination acceptance in West India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1170
Author(s):  
Shibal Bhartiya ◽  
Nishant Kumar ◽  
Tarundeep Singh ◽  
Sathiabalan Murugan ◽  
Saranya Rajavel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The People ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Vaccine Availability

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected more than 200 countries causing loss of life and livelihood. The accelerated development of the COVID-19 vaccine is a vital development, and early data suggests that it is both, safe and efficacious. However, the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine depends on various socio-demographic characteristics. The aim of this study was to understand the knowledge and attitude towards COVID-19 vaccine in India.  Methods: This is a cross-sectional study done in an urban slum in Mumbai, India. The main outcome variable was the responses related to COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among the study participants.Results: A total of 1342 participants were included in the study. Almost two thirds (64.5%) of the young adults aged between 18 and 40 years were unaware about the COVID-19 vaccine availability, followed by 56.4% person aged between 40 and 60 years and 46.2% of the persons aged more than 60 years were unaware about the vaccine availability. Among the study participants, nearly 79% were willing to take COVID-19 vaccine when it is available for use and only 2% did not want the vaccination. More than 2/3rd of the people who responded that they are willing to accept the COVID vaccine belong to the no income group.Conclusions: The most important factor for vaccine hesitancy is the occurrence of mild or serious adverse effects following immunization. Vaccine acceptability may be increased once additional information about vaccine safety and efficacy is available in the public domain, preferably from a trusted, centralized source of information.  

scholarly journals The anti-vaccination infodemic on social media: A behavioral analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247642
Author(s):  
Federico Germani ◽  
Nikola Biller-Andorno
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Health Organizations ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Main Driver

Vaccinations are without doubt one of the greatest achievements of modern medicine, and there is hope that they can constitute a solution to halt the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. However, the anti-vaccination movement is currently on the rise, spreading online misinformation about vaccine safety and causing a worrying reduction in vaccination rates worldwide. In this historical time, it is imperative to understand the reasons of vaccine hesitancy, and to find effective strategies to dismantle the rhetoric of anti-vaccination supporters. For this reason, we analyzed the behavior of anti-vaccination supporters on the platform Twitter. Here we identify that anti-vaccination supporters, in comparison with pro-vaccination supporters, share conspiracy theories and make use of emotional language. We demonstrate that anti-vaccination supporters are more engaged in discussions on Twitter and share their contents from a pull of strong influencers. We show that the movement’s success relies on a strong sense of community, based on the contents produced by a small fraction of profiles, with the community at large serving as a sounding board for anti-vaccination discourse to circulate online. Our data demonstrate that Donald Trump, before his profile was suspended, was the main driver of vaccine misinformation on Twitter. Based on these results, we welcome policies that aim at halting the circulation of false information about vaccines by targeting the anti-vaccination community on Twitter. Based on our data, we also propose solutions to improve the communication strategy of health organizations and build a community of engaged influencers that support the dissemination of scientific insights, including issues related to vaccines and their safety.

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