scholarly journals Oxytocin’s dynamic role across the lifespan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Audunsdottir ◽  
Daniel S Quintana
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Signaling System ◽  
Treatment Target ◽  
Novel Treatment ◽  
Youth And Young Adults ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Signaling Activity

Older adults have been neglected in biobehavioral oxytocin research. Emerging research indicates that oxytocin signaling activity fluctuates over the lifespan, which suggests that results from studies investigating youth and young adults cannot be easily generalized to older adults. The recruitment of a wider age range of research participants using a variety of research tools is required to uncover the role of the oxytocin signaling system over the lifespan and may reveal novel treatment target candidates in older adults, beyond social cognition and behavior.

Mentoring and Career Development among University Faculty

1995 ◽  
Vol 177 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank M. Perna ◽  
Bart M. Lerner ◽  
Michael T. Yura
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Career Development ◽  
Mentoring Relationships ◽  
University Faculty

Historically, the major theories of career development have directly or indirectly implicated the role of older adults in the personal and professional development of young adults. Increasily, attention has been focused on explaining the dynamics and effects of these mentoring relationships. In this article we review and discuss the research relating to mentoring and university faculty career development.

Abstract P098: An Epigenome-wide Study of Obesity in African American Youth and Young Adults: Novel Findings, Replication in Neutrophils and Relationship With Gene Expression

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoling Wang ◽  
Yue Pan ◽  
Haidong Zhu ◽  
Guang Hao ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Methylation Data ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cpg Sites ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Obesity Status ◽  
Youth And Young Adults

Background: Several large-scale epigenome wide association studies on obesity-related DNA methylation changes have been published and in total identified 46 CpG sites. These studies were conducted in middle-aged and older adults of Caucasians and African Americans (AAs) using leukocytes. To what extend these signals are independent of cell compositions as well as to what extend they may influence gene expression have not been systematically investigated. Furthermore, the high prevalence of obesity comorbidities in middle-aged or older population may hide or bias obesity itself related DNA methylation changes. Methods: In this study of healthy AA youth and young adults, genome wide DNA methylation data from leukocytes were obtained from three independent studies: EpiGO study (96 obese cases vs. 92 lean controls, aged 14-21, 50% females, test of interest is obesity status), LACHY study (284 participants from general population, aged 14-18, 50% females, test of interest is BMI), and Georgia Stress and Heart study (298 participants from general population, aged 18-38, 52% females, test of interest is BMI) using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. Genome wide DNA methylation data from purified neutrophils as well as genome wide gene expression data from leukocytes using Illumina HT12 V4 array were also obtained for the EpiGO samples. Results: The meta-analysis on the 3 cohorts identified 76 obesity related CpG sites in leukocytes with p<1х10 -7 . Out of the 46 previously identified CpG sites, 36 can be replicated in this AA youth and young adult sample with same direction and p<0.05. Out of the 107 CpG sites including the 36 replicated ones and the 71 newly identified ones, 71 CpG sites (66%) had their relationship with obesity replicated in purified neutrophils (p<0.05). The analysis on the cis regulation of the 107 CpG sites on gene expression showed that 59 CpG sites had at least one gene within 250kb having expression difference between obese cases and lean controls. Furthermore, out of the 59 CpG sites, 6 showed significantly negative correlations and 1 showed significantly positive correlation with the differentially expressed genes. These CpG sites located in SOCS3, CISH, ABCG1, PIM3 and PTGDS genes. Conclusion: In this study of AA youth and young adults, we identified novel CpG sites associated with obesity and replicated majority of the CpG sites previously identified in middle-aged and older adults. For the first time, we showed that majority of the obesity related CpG sites identified from leukocytes are not driven by cell compositions and provided the direct link between DNA methylation-gene expression-obesity status for 7 CpG sites in 5 genes.

scholarly journals EXPLORING AGE, GENDER, AND RELATIONSHIP CLOSENESS DIFFERENCES IN RESPONSES TO IGNORED DISRESPECT

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S305-S305
Author(s):  
Jenessa C Steele ◽  
Amanda Chappell ◽  
Rachel Scott
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Relationship Closeness ◽  
Close Condition

Abstract Emotional responses to disrespect tend to be negative (Hawkins, 2015). Little is known about how responses to disrespect vary across age groups and relationship closeness. It is unknown whether older adults have more emotional protection against disrespectful experiences, or are more deeply affected due to relationship closeness. Overall, we might expect that older adults react less negatively to disrespect compared to young adults, as they are more-skilled emotion regulators (Carstensen, 1991; English & Carstensen, 2014). We aimed to explore if, and under which circumstances, older adults are more or less sensitive to disrespect compared to younger adults. Three hundred participants responded to six scenarios illustrating ignored disrespect. Participants were randomly assigned to close or distant relationship disrespect scenarios. Relationship closeness was first determined by requesting participants identify a person in each layer of Kahn and Antonucci’s (1980) Social Convoy Model. Identified names were then automatically inserted into the six scenarios. Emotional responses and sensitivity to each scenario were recorded. Participants in the close condition reported more sensitivity to disrespect and negative emotions than participants in the distant condition. Females reported more sensitivity to disrespect and negative emotions than males. We did not find overwhelming support for age differences in responses to disrespect. A single scenario indicated younger participants more sensitive to disrespect than older participants. Findings suggest it is more hurtful to be disrespected by someone close to you and females may be more sensitive to disrespect than males. More research investigating the role of age in disrespect is needed.

scholarly journals Effects of Meditation on Temporal Processing and Speech Perceptual Skills in Younger and Older Adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uppunda Ajith Kumar ◽  
A. V. Sangamanatha ◽  
Jai Vikas
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Speech Perception ◽  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Gap Detection ◽  
Backward Masking ◽  
Modulation Detection ◽  
Age Range

The purpose of this study was to assess the temporal processing and speech perception abilities in older adults who were practicing meditation for more than five years. Participants were comprised of three groups, 30 young adults (“YA”) in the age range of 20–30 years, 30 older adults in the age range of 50–65 years who practiced meditation for a period of five years or more (effective meditators “EM”), and 51 age matched older adults who did not have any experience of meditation (non-meditators “NM”). Temporal processing was evaluated using gap detection in noise, duration discrimination, modulation detection, and backward masking and duration pattern tests. Speech perception was measured in presence of a four-talker babble at −5 dB signal to noise ratio and with the vocoded stimuli. Results revealed that EM group performed significantly better than NM group in all psychophysical and speech perception tasks except in gap detection task. In the gap detection task, two groups did not differ significantly. Furthermore, EM group showed significantly better modulation detection thresholds compared to YA. Results of the study demonstrate that the practice of meditation not only offsets the decline in temporal and speech processing abilities due to aging process but also improves the ability to perceive the modulations compared to young adults.

scholarly journals Turning Difficulty Characteristics of Adults Aged 65 Years or Older

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (12) ◽  
pp. 1174-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary T Thigpen ◽  
Kathye E Light ◽  
Gwenda L Creel ◽  
Sheryl M Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Elderly Adults ◽  
Total Absence ◽  
Movement Characteristics ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Group Methods ◽  
Age Range

Abstract Background and Purpose. Falls that occur while walking have been associated with an increased risk of hip fracture in elderly people. This study's purpose was to describe movement characteristics in older adults that serve as indicators of difficulty in turning while walking. Subjects. Three groups were assessed: young adults who had no difficulty in turning (age range=20–30 years, n=20) (YNDT group), elderly adults who had no difficulty in turning (age range=65–87 years, n=15) (ENDT group), and elderly adults who had difficulty in turning (age range=69–92 years, n=15) (EDT group). Methods. All subjects were videotaped performing a self-paced 180-degree turn during the Timed “Up & Go” Test. Movement characteristics of each group were identified. Four characteristics were used to identify difficulty in turning: (1) the type of turn, (2) the number of steps taken during the turn, (3) the time taken to accomplish the turn, and (4) staggering during the turn. Results. In general, the EDT group took more steps during the turn and more time to accomplish the turn than the YNDT and ENDT groups did. Although the only turning strategy used by the YNDT group was a pivot type of turn, there was an almost total absence of a pivot type of turn in the EDT group. No differences were found among the groups on the staggering item, yet the EDT group was the only group in which staggering was present. We believe these changes observed in the 4 characteristics only in the EDT group are indicators of difficulty in turning while walking. Conclusion and Discussion. These indicators of difficulty may be useful for the early identification of individuals aged 65 years or older who are having difficulty in turning and may well serve as the basis for the development of a scale for difficulty in turning in older adults. Preliminary findings indicate the need for further study into the reliability, validity, and sensitivity of measurements obtained with such a scale.

scholarly journals MiR-520a-3p Inhibited Macrophage Polarization and Promoted the Development of Atherosclerosis via Targeting UVRAG in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Rui Qi ◽  
Dian Ru Zhao ◽  
Li Zhao ◽  
Fan Luo ◽  
Mei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
M2 Macrophage ◽  
Treatment Target ◽  
Vessel Disease ◽  
Novel Treatment ◽  
M1 Macrophage ◽  
Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice ◽  
The World ◽  
M2 Macrophage Polarization

Atherosclerosis (AS), a kind of chronic inflammatory blood vessel disease, is a main cause of cardiovascular disease, which is a leading cause of mortality around the world. Accumulation of macrophages induced by inflammation contributes to AS development. It has been indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the process of AS. However, the pathway and gene miRNAs targeting are poorly understood. Here we reported that miR-520a-3p was increased in mice with AS and silencing of miR-520a-3p attenuated AS process. Furthermore, inhibition of miR-520a-3p increased the expression of α-SMA and collagen. In addition, miR-520a-3p silencing inhibited the expression of M1 macrophage polarization markers and pro-inflammatory genes and promoted the M2 macrophage polarization. What’s more, forced expression of miR-520a-3p diminished IL4/IL13 induced macrophage autophagy via targeting UVRAG. Collectively, our study reveals the role of miR-520a-3p in macrophage polarization and suggests the potential of miRNA as a novel treatment target of AS.

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