scholarly journals Hero: Automated Detection System for Prescription Stimulant Overdose via Synthesized GNP-based Metabolite Detection, AI-based Emotion Inference, and Novel Biometric Measurement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Nori
Keyword(s):  
Detection System ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Image Processing Algorithm ◽  
Mood Swing ◽  
Significant Difference

Over the past year, approximately 10,000 American teens have died due to a prescription stimulant overdose. A comprehensive, accurate, and easily integrable approach to detect a drug overdose in the environment where it occurs is imperative. This study proposes a multi-factor automated overdose detection system designed to operate in a teen’s living and working space. The eight factors include sweat composition analysis, mood swing detection, measurement of vital signs (heart rate, blood pressure, respiration rate, electrodermal activity), detection of spasms, and consciousness verification. The two-factor reagent strip, consisting of a gold nanoparticle-based diagnostic measure and pH-based control measure, displayed a significant difference in color between simulated case and control sweat. An Arduino-based sensor and hardware apparatus were built and evaluated to integrate the strip onto a laptop mouse. A generalized linear model, gradient boosting machine, and multilayer perceptron trained on over 1.6 million data points were successfully able to detect a mood swing from a baseline emotion. The final model (with an AUC of over 85%) was implemented into the Hero mobile app to monitor a teen’s outgoing SMS messages for a mood swing. A mathematical image processing algorithm to measure vital signs was created, and repeated evaluation resulted in a percent error of <5%. These results, along with external sensors/hardware devices and mobile app features, were incorporated into Hero. In contrast to previous solutions, teens can use the Hero system and mobile app for constant background monitoring of physical, emotional, and biochemical signs of overdose in their daily life.

scholarly journals The Development and Application Evaluation of Meridian Energy Detection System in Traditional Oriental Medicine: A Preliminary Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Chen Lee ◽  
Hui Ping Ng ◽  
Yung-Hsien Chang ◽  
Wen-Chao Ho
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Energy Detection ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

As technology advances, more modern medical devices are developed to help the physicians in performing objective assessment and diagnosis. In this study, our main objective was to evaluate the clinical application of the low voltage Meridian Energy Detection System in assessing the electrodermal activity (EDA) of the specific acupoints in a specific age group of healthy individuals and to assess the difference in the energy overview between the genders and specific time of assessment. 43 young healthy adults were recruited in a single group, nonrandomized, evaluation study. Written informed consent of each participant was obtained prior to the assessments. Results on energy overview between genders and specific time of assessment as well as factors influencing EDA were discussed. It was concluded that the study using Meridian Energy Detection System in healthy individuals provided an understanding of the difference in energy level of the meridians between the genders. Male healthy individuals had significantly higher values for Physical Status as well as Yin and Yang energy while female healthy individuals had significantly higher values for Mental Health and Autonomic Nervous System. There was no significant difference when comparing the assessments at the specific time of assessment. Hence there was no specific time in using the device. However, due to the limitation of the sample size and the healthy subjects, future research can be designed to investigate whether the time of assessment can affect the results in individuals with specific disease conditions in larger scale. It may merit further studies on the application of such device as preliminary diagnosis of the overall conditions and investigate the treatment efficacy by observing the change in the meridian energy level.

scholarly journals Urinary stone composition analysis and clinical characterization of 1520 patients in central China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daling Zhang ◽  
Songchao Li ◽  
Zhengguo Zhang ◽  
Ningyang Li ◽  
Xiang Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Central China ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Stone Composition ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Stones ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lower Urinary

AbstractA total of 1520 patients with urinary stones from central China were collected and analysed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy between October 1, 2016 and December 31, 2019. For all patients, age, sex, comorbidities, stone location, laboratory examination and geographic region were collected. The most common stone component was calcium oxalate (77.5%), followed by calcium phosphate (8.7%), infection stone (7.6%), uric acid (UA) stone (5.3%)and cystine (0.9%). The males had more calcium oxalate stones (p < 0.001), while infection stone and cystine stones occurred more frequently in females (p < 0.001). The prevalence peak occurred at 41–60 years in both men and women. UA stones occurred frequently in patients with lower urinary pH (p < 0.001), while neutral urine or alkaline urine (p < 0.001) and urinary infection (p < 0.001) were more likely to be associated with infection stone stones. Patients with high levels of serum creatinine were more likely to develop UA stones (p < 0.001). The proportion of UA stones in diabetics was higher (p < 0.001), and the incidence of hypertension was higher in patients with UA stones (p < 0.001). Compared to the other types, more calcium oxalate stones were detected in the kidneys and ureters (p < 0.001), whereas struvite stones were more frequently observed in the lower urinary tract (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference in stone composition across the Qinling-Huaihe line in central China except UA stones, which were more frequently observed in patients south of the line (p < 0.001).

scholarly journals Retinal microvascular signs in COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-318236
Author(s):  
Ralene Sim ◽  
Gemmy Cheung ◽  
Daniel Ting ◽  
Edmund Wong ◽  
Tien Yin Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical History ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Imaging Device ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Retinal Microvascular Signs

Background/aimsTo explore if retinal findings are associated with COVID-19 infection.MethodsIn this prospective cross-sectional study, we recruited participants positive for COVID-19 by nasopharyngeal swab, with no medical history. Subjects underwent retinal imaging with an automated imaging device (3D OCT-1 Maestro, Topcon, Tokyo, Japan) to obtain colour fundus photographs (CFP) and optical coherence tomographic (OCT) scans of the macula. Data on personal biodata, medical history and vital signs were collected from electronic medical records.Results108 patients were recruited. Mean age was 36.0±5.4 years. 41 (38.0%) had symptoms of acute respiratory infection (ARI) at presentation. Of 216 eyes, 25 (11.6%) had retinal signs—eight (3.7%) with microhaemorrhages, six (2.8%) with retinal vascular tortuosity and two (0.93%) with cotton wool spots (CWS). 11 eyes (5.1%) had hyper-reflective plaques in the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer layer on OCT, of which two also had retinal signs visible on CFP (CWS and microhaemorrhage, respectively). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of retinal signs in symptomatic versus asymptomatic patients (12 (15.0%) vs 13 (9.6%), p=0.227). Patients with retinal signs were significantly more likely to have transiently elevated blood pressure than those without (p=0.03).ConclusionOne in nine had retinal microvascular signs on ocular imaging. These signs were observed even in asymptomatic patients with normal vital signs. These retinal microvascular signs may be related to underlying cardiovascular and thrombotic alternations associated with COVID-19 infection.

scholarly journals Real-Time High-Level Acute Pain Detection Using a Smartphone and a Wrist-Worn Electrodermal Activity Sensor

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 3956
Author(s):  
Youngsun Kong ◽  
Hugo F. Posada-Quintero ◽  
Ki H. Chon
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Real Time Processing ◽  
Pain Stimulation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Electrical Pulses ◽  
Pain Detection ◽  
High Level

The subjectiveness of pain can lead to inaccurate prescribing of pain medication, which can exacerbate drug addiction and overdose. Given that pain is often experienced in patients’ homes, there is an urgent need for ambulatory devices that can quantify pain in real-time. We implemented three time- and frequency-domain electrodermal activity (EDA) indices in our smartphone application that collects EDA signals using a wrist-worn device. We then evaluated our computational algorithms using thermal grill data from ten subjects. The thermal grill delivered a level of pain that was calibrated for each subject to be 8 out of 10 on a visual analog scale (VAS). Furthermore, we simulated the real-time processing of the smartphone application using a dataset pre-collected from another group of fifteen subjects who underwent pain stimulation using electrical pulses, which elicited a VAS pain score level 7 out of 10. All EDA features showed significant difference between painless and pain segments, termed for the 5-s segments before and after each pain stimulus. Random forest showed the highest accuracy in detecting pain, 81.5%, with 78.9% sensitivity and 84.2% specificity with leave-one-subject-out cross-validation approach. Our results show the potential of a smartphone application to provide near real-time objective pain detection.

scholarly journals Utilization of Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy and Image Classification for Non-Invasive Early Assessment of Meat Freshness

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1001
Author(s):  
Sooin Huh ◽  
Hye-Jin Kim ◽  
Seungah Lee ◽  
Jinwoo Cho ◽  
Aera Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Early Assessment ◽  
Relative Standard

This study presents a system for assessing the freshness of meat with electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in the frequency range of 125 Hz to 128 kHz combined with an image classifier for non-destructive and low-cost applications. The freshness standard is established by measuring the aerobic plate count (APC), 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and composition analysis (crude fat, crude protein, and moisture) values of the microbiological detection to represent the correlation between EIS and meat freshness. The EIS and images of meat are combined to predict the freshness with the Adaboost classification and gradient boosting regression algorithms. As a result, when the elapsed time of beef storage for 48 h is classified into three classes, the time prediction accuracy is up to 85% compared to prediction accuracy of 56.7% when only images are used without EIS information. Significantly, the relative standard deviation (RSD) of APC and TBARS value predictions with EIS and images datum achieves 0.890 and 0.678, respectively.

scholarly journals Development and validation of an early warning tool for sepsis and decompensation in children during emergency department triage

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Ehwerhemuepha ◽  
Theodore Heyming ◽  
Rachel Marano ◽  
Mary Jane Piroutek ◽  
Antonio C. Arrieta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Severe Sepsis ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Receiver Operator Characteristic Curve ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Stochastic Gradient Boosting

AbstractThis study was designed to develop and validate an early warning system for sepsis based on a predictive model of critical decompensation. Data from the electronic medical records for 537,837 visits to a pediatric Emergency Department (ED) from March 2013 to December 2019 were collected. A multiclass stochastic gradient boosting model was built to identify early warning signs associated with death, severe sepsis, non-severe sepsis, and bacteremia. Model features included triage vital signs, previous diagnoses, medications, and healthcare utilizations within 6 months of the index ED visit. There were 483 patients who had severe sepsis and/or died, 1102 had non-severe sepsis, 1103 had positive bacteremia tests, and the remaining had none of the events. The most important predictors were age, heart rate, length of stay of previous hospitalizations, temperature, systolic blood pressure, and prior sepsis. The one-versus-all area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC) were 0.979 (0.967, 0.991), 0.990 (0.985, 0.995), 0.976 (0.972, 0.981), and 0.968 (0.962, 0.974) for death, severe sepsis, non-severe sepsis, and bacteremia without sepsis respectively. The multi-class macro average AUROC and area under the precision recall curve were 0.977 and 0.316 respectively. The study findings were used to develop an automated early warning decision tool for sepsis. Implementation of this model in pediatric EDs will allow sepsis-related critical decompensation to be predicted accurately after a few seconds of triage.

scholarly journals Effect of Head Impact Exposures on Changes in Cognitive Testing

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 232596711876103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Diakogeorgiou ◽  
Theresa L. Miyashita
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Head Impact ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Repeated Impact ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Head Impacts ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Gaining a better understanding of head impact exposures may lead to better comprehension of the possible effects of repeated impact exposures not associated with clinical concussion. Purpose: To assess the correlation between head impacts and any differences associated with cognitive testing measurements pre- and postseason. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 34 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I men’s lacrosse players wore lacrosse helmets instrumented with an accelerometer during the 2014 competitive season and were tested pre- and postseason with the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT 3) and Concussion Vital Signs (CVS) computer-based neurocognitive tests. The number of head impacts >20 g and results from the 2 cognitive tests were analyzed for differences and correlation. Results: There was no significant difference between pre- and postseason SCAT 3 scores, although a significant correlation between pre- and postseason cognitive scores on the SCAT 3 and total number of impacts sustained was noted ( r = –0.362, P = .035). Statistically significant improvements on half of the CVS testing components included visual reaction time ( P = .037, d = 0.37), reaction time ( P = .001, d = 0.65), and simple reaction time ( P = .043, d = 0.37), but no correlation with head impacts was noted. Conclusion: This study did not find declines in SCAT 3 or CVS scores over the course of a season among athletes who sustained multiple head impacts but no clinical concussion. Thus, it could not be determined whether there was no cognitive decline among these athletes or whether there may have been subtle declines that could not be measured by the SCAT 3 or CVS.

scholarly journals The impact of image and performance enhancing drugs on bi-ventricular structure and function in strength-trained athletes and the association to fat-free mass

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Morrison ◽  
N Chester ◽  
R Mcgregor-Cheers ◽  
G Kleinnibbelink ◽  
C Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allometric Scaling ◽  
Strain Imaging ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Lv Mass ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Enhancing Drugs ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Performance Enhancing

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Private grant(s) and/or Sponsorship. Main funding source(s): Canadian Institute of Health Research Michael Smith Foreign Study Supplement Background Image and performance enhancing drugs (IPED) cause cardiac enlargement and dysfunction. Previous work has not assessed impact of user status (current [CU] vs. past [PU]) or allometric scaling cardiac dimensions for individual differences in fat-free mass (FFM). Purpose To investigate CU and PU of IPED and allometric scaling on LV and RV remodeling in strength-trained athletes. Methods Thirty-four (29 ± 6 years; 82% male) strength-trained athletes were recruited. Fourteen were CU, 9 PU and 11 non-users (NU) of IPEDs.  Participants underwent bioelectric impedance body composition analysis, IPED and training questionnaire and 2D echocardiography with strain imaging. All structural data was allometrically scaled to FFM according to the laws of geometric similarity. Results CU and PU had significantly higher FFM compared to NU (82.4 ± 10.1 kg vs. 72.0 ± 6.3 kg vs. 58.2 ± 14.0 kg). Absolute values of all RV and LV size were larger between CU and NU. LV mean wall thickness (MWT) was larger in CU compared to PU but there were no differences between PU and NU. Allometric scaling eliminated all differences with exception of LV mass and LVMWT. LVEF was significantly lower in CU and PU compared to NU (55 ± 3 vs. 57 ± 4 vs. 61 ± 4) whilst LV GLS was lower in CU compared to PU and NU and LV GCS was lower in CU compared to NU but not PU. There was no significant difference between groups for RV functional indices. Conclusion  Strength-trained athletes currently using IPEDs have bi-ventricular enlargement as well as reduced LV function. Allometric scaling highlights that increased size is partially associated with a larger FFM, with exception of LVMWT which is independently increased through IPED use. PUs demonstrate reverse structural remodeling whilst functional differences partially remain. CU PU NU RVD1 (mm) 45 ± 5* 43 ± 6 37 ± 6 Scaled RVD1 (mm/kg^0.33) 10.5 ± 0.9 10.4 ± 1.5 9.7 ± 1.0 LVd (mm) 58 ± 7* 55 ± 4 50 ± 4 Scaled LVd (mm/kg^0.33) 13.4 ± 1.2 13.3 ± 0.7 13.1 ± 0.6 MWT (mm) 10 ± 1*” 8 ± 1 8 ± 1 Scaled MWT (mm/kg^0.33) 2.3 ± 0.2*” 2.0 ± 0.1 2.0 ± 0.2 LVEDV (ml) 169 ± 42* 135 ± 28 116 ± 28 Scaled LVEDV (ml/kg) 2.0 ± 0.4 1.9 ± 0.3 2.0 ± 0.2 LV Mass (g) 255 ± 85*” 179 ± 30 137 ± 40 LV mass index (g/kg) 3.1 ± 0.8* 2.5 ± 0.3 2.4 ± 0.4 * CU and NU “ CU and PU ^ PU and NU Abstract Figure. Myocardial strain imaging

Crystallization of simonkolleite (Zn5Cl2(OH)8 ∙ H2O) in powder samples prepared for mineral composition analysis by quantitative X-ray diffraction (QXRD)

Nafta-Gaz ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 293-298
Author(s):  
Urszula Zagórska ◽  
◽  
Sylwia Kowalska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Hydrocarbon Exploration ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Internal Standard Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Method Error ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Significant Difference

The analysis of mineralogical composition by quantitative X-ray diffraction (QXRD) is one of the standard research methods used in hydrocarbon exploration. In order to improve it and to obtain better results, the methodology of quantitative analysis used at Well Logging Department is being periodically (more or less) modified. After the introduction of the improvements, comparative analyses were performed on archival samples. Reflections from an unidentified phase which did not occur in the tested Rotliegend sandstone samples were noticed on X-ray diffractograms of archival samples. Reflections of a mineral called simonkolleite were identified in the X-ray diffraction database. Chemically it is a hydrated zinc chloride of the formula: Zn5Cl2(OH)8 × H2O. Analysis of the composition of samples in which simonkolleite crystallised, indicated that the mineral is being formed in the result of the slow reaction of zinc oxide with halite (NaCl) and water vapour. An attempt was made to determine the influence of the presence of this mineral on the results of the quantitative analysis of mineralogical composition. The above methodology was applied on a group of ten samples. The results of the quantitative analysis conducted for archival samples stored with added zincite standard containing simonkolleite and for new, freshly grinded (without artifact) samples were compared. The comparison of the obtained results showed a slight influence of this mineral on the quantitative composition of the remaining components. The difference between the results usually did not exceed the method error. At the same time a significant difference in the calculated content of the internal standard was noted – on average 1% less in archival than in new samples. This shows that the reaction occurring in the archival samples will affect the evaluation of the quality of the obtained quantitative analysis, at the same time excluding the possibility of determining the rock’s amorphous substance content with the internal standard method.

Abstract P124: Repeat Manual Office Blood Pressure By A Physician Is Lower Than Automated Office Blood Pressure

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryce Rhodehouse ◽  
Courtney Shaver ◽  
Jerry Fan ◽  
Bright Izekor ◽  
Clinton Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Office Blood Pressure ◽  
P Value ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Minute Interval ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Automated Office Blood Pressure

Introduction: An accurate measurement of blood pressure (BP) is critical to diagnosing and treating hypertension (HTN). Manual office BP (MOBP) often results in higher readings than automated office BP (AOBP). In previous studies, a repeat MOBP by a physician resulted in a lower BP than the initial MOBP by nursing staff. We evaluated our hypothesis that a repeat MOBP by a physician is statistically equivalent to AOBP. Methods: In an ambulatory outpatient setting, patients were roomed and at least a 5-minute interval lapsed before an AOBP was performed using a Welch Allyn Connex Vital Signs Monitor. The physician was blinded to the AOBP. The physician then entered the room and obtained a MOBP with a manual aneroid sphygmomanometer. The difference between the AOBP and the MOBP was calculated. A Wilcoxon signed rank sum test was used to determine if a significant difference between AOBP and MOBP exists. Results: A total of 186 patients (112 females, 74 male) had BP measured with a mean age of 66 years. AOBP resulted in a median systolic BP (SBP) 136 mmHg (IQR 121-150 mmHg) and median diastolic BP (DBP) of 78 mmHg (IQR 72-85 mmHg). MOBP SBP had a median of 132 mmHg (IQR 120-142 mmHg) and DBP had a median of 76 mmHg (IQR 70-81 mmHg). SBP and DBP were significantly lower in the MOBP group with a mean difference between AOBP and MOBP of 4.0 and 2.7 mmHg respectively (p-value of <0.0001). Conclusions: Repeat MOBP performed by the physician resulted in a significantly lower BP compared to AOBP. The lower BP may be due to an overall longer interval between the AOBP measurement and MOBP measurement. MOBP may be a viable option for accurate diagnosis and treatment of HTN clinics without access to a AOBP machine.

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