scholarly journals Advances in Research on Adolescent Suicide and a High Priority Agenda for Future Research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Graham Clayton ◽  
Olivia Pollak ◽  
Sarah A. Owens ◽  
Adam Bryant Miller ◽  
Mitch Prinstein
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Federal Grants ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Societal Factors ◽  
Psychological Risk ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors

Suicide is the second leading cause of death for adolescents in the U.S., yet remarkably little is known regarding risk factors for suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs), relatively few federal grants and scientific publications focus on STBs, and few evidence-based approaches to prevent or treat STBs are available. This “decade in review” article discusses five domains of recent empirical findings that span biological, environmental, and contextual systems and can guide future research in this high priority area: 1) the role of the central nervous system; 2) physiological risk factors, including the peripheral nervous system; 3) proximal acute stress-responses; 4) novel behavioral and psychological risk factors; 5) broader societal factors impacting diverse populations; and several additional nascent areas worthy of further investigation.

Invisible Borders

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-108
Author(s):  
Kendra Larrisha Blakely ◽  
Chiquita Long Holmes ◽  
Eugenie Joan Looby ◽  
Kevin Merideth ◽  
Alexis M. Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
School Counselors ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychological Risk Factors ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Psychological Risk ◽  
Mixed Status Families ◽  
Mixed Status

This chapter focuses on children in mixed-status families. The authors provide demographic data and the definition of a mixed-status family, then outline the challenges experienced by these families. The authors delineate developmental, educational, and psychological risk factors for these children. Intervention and advocacy initiatives in which school counselors can engage are examined. Authors provide practical solutions, suggestions for future research, a glossary of terms, and further readings. Finally, each topic discussed includes application strategies for school counselors.

scholarly journals Protocol of the STRess at Work (STRAW) Project: How to Disentangle Day-to-Day Occupational Stress among Academics Based on EMA, Physiological Data, and Smartphone Sensor and Usage Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 8835
Author(s):  
Larissa Bolliger ◽  
Junoš Lukan ◽  
Mitja Luštrek ◽  
Dirk De Bacquer ◽  
Els Clays
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Occupational Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Smartphone Sensor ◽  
Usage Data

Several studies have reported on increasing psychosocial stress in academia due to work environment risk factors like job insecurity, work-family conflict, research grant applications, and high workload. The STRAW project adds novel aspects to occupational stress research among academic staff by measuring day-to-day stress in their real-world work environments over 15 working days. Work environment risk factors, stress outcomes, health-related behaviors, and work activities were measured repeatedly via an ecological momentary assessment (EMA), specially developed for this project. These results were combined with continuously tracked physiological stress responses using wearable devices and smartphone sensor and usage data. These data provide information on workplace context using our self-developed Android smartphone app. The data were analyzed using two approaches: 1) multilevel statistical modelling for repeated data to analyze relations between work environment risk factors and stress outcomes on a within- and between-person level, based on EMA results and a baseline screening, and 2) machine-learning focusing on building prediction models to develop and evaluate acute stress detection models, based on physiological data and smartphone sensor and usage data. Linking these data collection and analysis approaches enabled us to disentangle and model sources, outcomes, and contexts of occupational stress in academia.

Social Inequalities, Psychological Risk and Resilience, and Health

2018 ◽  
pp. 412-430
Author(s):  
Jennifer Morozink Boylan ◽  
Christopher L. Coe ◽  
Carol D. Ryff
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
Biopsychosocial Perspective ◽  
Psychological Risk

Epidemiological evidence from the Midlife in the United States and other studies shows robust socioeconomic disparities in mental and physical health outcomes. Considerable heterogeneity exists in health within socioeconomic strata; not all socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals exhibit poor health. Evidence is presented supporting an integrative conceptual framework wherein psychological factors moderate the association between socioeconomic status and health, illuminating unique risk and resilience profiles. Regarding protective factors, distinctions between hedonic well-being and eudaimonic well-being are highlighted. Regarding psychological risk factors, the focus is on the experience and expression of anger. Several pathways through which socioeconomic and psychological factors may affect health, including health behaviors, emotion regulation, and physiological responses to stress are considered. The chapter concludes with directions for future research, including efforts to integrate psychological strengths and risk factors and the need for longitudinal and intervention approaches to address the public health issue of health disparities from a biopsychosocial perspective.

Psychological risk factors for HIV pathogenesis: mediation by the autonomic nervous system

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 1444-1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve W Cole ◽  
Margaret E Kemeny ◽  
John L Fahey ◽  
Jerome A Zack ◽  
Bruce D Naliboff
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Hiv Pathogenesis ◽  
Psychological Risk Factors ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Psychological Risk

The Simple Aphasia Stress Scale

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 2855-2859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Laures-Gore ◽  
Kenneth G. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Future Work

Purpose Clinically accessible and concise measures of acute stress in adults with aphasia are lacking. The current article evaluated some psychometric features of a single-item self-report measure of acute stress in adults with aphasia, the Simple Aphasia Stress Scale. Method Three archival data sets utilizing varying iterations of a stress scale developed for studies of stress in adults with aphasia were included in the present analysis. Results The single-item stress scale had good levels of absolute and relative stability. Scores were generally unaffected by aphasia severity, age, or sex. The scale was strongly correlated with emotional arousal. Conclusion The single-item scale performed reasonably well across different studies and psychometric indicators. A 7-point rather than a 5-point response version of the scale was recommended as a clinically accessible and concise measure of acute stress in adults with aphasia. Future research should examine whether the tendency for adults with aphasia to use a restricted range of lower stress responses was due to underreporting, not perceiving acute stress, or some other factor. The high correlation between stress and arousal in women suggests that there needs to be further investigation of discriminant validity. Future work should also expand the scope of variables to evaluate further evidence of convergent and criterion-related validity.

How Do Stress, Sleep, Hormones, and the Immune System Interact and Relate to Fibromyalgia?

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Wallace ◽  
Janice Brock Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Small Region ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Background Information ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
School Students ◽  
The University

In medical school, students learn about the human body by organ system. They spend a few weeks on the heart, then the lung, followed by the gastrointestinal tract. Eventually the whole body is covered. One of the fascinating developments in the last decade has been the functional linkage and new connections of seemingly diverse body systems. Fibromyalgia research finally hit its stride when important studies connected the nervous system, the endocrine (hormone) system, and the immune system. This enabled physicians to devise improved strategies to help fibromyalgia patients. Basic background information provided in this chapter will be expanded upon in later parts of the book when we review treatments. Within the brain is a small region known as the hypothalamus. It makes releasing hormones that travel down a short path to the pituitary gland, which makes stimulating hormones. The stimulating hormones send signals to tissues where hormones are manufactured for specialized functions. Table 3 and Figure 9 show how thyroid, cortisol, insulin, breast milk, and growth hormone are made along the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. We have already mentioned that emotional stress can bring on or aggravate fibromyalgia. At the National Institutes of Health and the University of Michigan, studies have firmly established some of the factors important in this relationship. The role of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), the precursor or ancestor of the steroid known as cortisol, has been the focus of much of this work. Even though CRH levels are normal in fibromyalgia, CRH responses (stress responses) to different forms of stimulation are blunted. CRH has many important interactions other than leading to the production of steroids. Its expression can be increased by stress, serotonin, and estrogen. Endorphins promote the secretion of CRH. Decreased sympathetic nervous system activity in the adrenal glands and substance P, as well as nitric oxide, can turn off CRH production. Rats with abnormally low stress responses develop many of the features we associate with fibromyalgia. How do these interrelationships translate into a fibromyalgia patient’s feeling of being unwell? The answer is not clear. However, these studies suggest that fibromyalgia patients do not respond normally to acute stress and do not release enough adrenalin.

Denial of compensation for patients who developed multiple sclerosis or have existing disease made worse following acute stress or trauma

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 235-248
Author(s):  
Peter Oliver Behan ◽  
Abhijit Chaudhuri ◽  
Simone Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Molecular Medicine ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pathological Feature ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Prevailing View

An important legal question is the role of acute trauma on the central nervous system with stress in precipitating or worsening multiple sclerosis (MS). At present, the prevailing view in neurology is that there is no relationship. We show here that this opinion needs to be reappraised. Medicolegal decisions for compensation in court have hinged on this question, as do the future research and treatment. A critical analysis of highly important but hitherto neglected articles shows the prevailing view to be gravely mistaken. Modern molecular medicine has shown conclusively that trauma and stress (either alone or together) to the central nervous system cause disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Disruption of this BBB, a complex molecular process, is the basic pathological feature of MS and is affected in both trauma and stress. Its further study should lead to a rational mode of therapy and resolve the legal quagmire.

scholarly journals Adolescent Suicide as a Failure of Acute Stress-Response Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 425-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Bryant Miller ◽  
Mitchell J. Prinstein
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Adolescent Suicide ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
Response Systems ◽  
Acute Stress Response ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Suicidal Crisis

Suicide is the second leading cause of death worldwide for adolescents. Despite decades of research on correlates and risk factors for adolescent suicide, we know little about why suicidal ideation and behavior frequently emerge in adolescence and how to predict, and ultimately prevent, suicidal behavior among youths. In this review, we first discuss knowledge regarding correlates, risk factors, and theories of suicide. We then review why adolescence is a period of unique vulnerability, given changing biology and social network reorganization. Next, we present a conceptual model through which to interpret emerging findings in adolescent suicide research. We suggest that a promising area for future research is to examine adolescent suicide as a failure of biological responses to acute stress in the proximal moments of a suicidal crisis. After reviewing initial evidence for this conceptualization, we review future directions for studies on adolescent suicide.

Attachment Organization in Suicide Prevention Research

Crisis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Venta ◽  
Carla Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Harm

Background: Identifying risk factors for suicide-related thoughts and behaviors (SRTB) is essential among adolescents in whom SRTB remain a leading cause of death. Although many risk factors have already been identified, influential theories now suggest that the domain of interpersonal relationships may play a critical role in the emergence of SRTB. Because attachment has long been seen as the foundation of interpersonal functioning, we suggest that attachment insecurity warrants attention as a risk factor for SRTB. Aims: This study sought to explore relations between attachment organization and suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and self-harm in an inpatient adolescent sample, controlling for demographic and psychopathological covariates. Method: We recruited 194 adolescents from an inpatient unit and assigned them to one of four attachment groups (secure, preoccupied, dismissing, or disorganized attachment). Interview and self-report measures were used to create four variables reflecting the presence or absence of suicidal ideation in the last year, single lifetime suicide attempt, multiple lifetime suicide attempts, and lifetime self-harm. Results: Chi-square and regression analyses did not reveal significant relations between attachment organization and SRTB, although findings did confirm previously established relations between psychopathology and SRTB, such that internalizing disorder was associated with increased self-harm, suicide ideation, and suicide attempt and externalizing disorder was associated with increased self-harm. Conclusion: The severity of this sample and methodological differences from previous studies may explain the nonsignificant findings. Nonsignificant findings may indicate that the relation between attachment organization and SRTB is moderated by other factors that should be explored in future research.

Differences in Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Among Three Racial Groups

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-178
Author(s):  
Brooke A. Ammerman ◽  
Martha K. Fahlgren ◽  
Kristen M. Sorgi ◽  
Michael S. McCloskey
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Assessment Procedures ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors

Abstract. Background: Despite being a major public health concern, it is unclear how suicidal thoughts and behaviors differentially impact separate racial groups. Aims: The aim of the current study was to examine the occurrence of nonlethal suicide events, in addition to suicide attempt characteristics and factors contributing to suicide attempts. Method: A final sample of 7,094 undergraduates from a large northeastern university, identifying as members of three racial groups (White [67.30%], Black [17.30%], and Asian [15.40%]), completed online questionnaires. Results: White participants reported increased likelihood of endorsing lifetime suicidal ideation and plan, whereas Black participants reported decreased likelihood of these events; no differences were found in rates of lifetime suicide attempts. Black participants' suicidal behavior may involve greater ambivalence of intent. A higher proportion of Asian participants endorsed interpersonal factors as contributing to their suicide attempts, whereas a greater percentage of White participants reported internal contributing factors. Limitations: Findings are limited by the sample size and assessment of lifetime suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Conclusion: The findings present a more nuanced look at attitudes and actions related to suicidal thoughts and behaviors that may inform future research and risk assessment procedures.

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