How Do Stress, Sleep, Hormones, and the Immune System Interact and Relate to Fibromyalgia?

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Wallace ◽  
Janice Brock Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Small Region ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Background Information ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
School Students ◽  
The University

In medical school, students learn about the human body by organ system. They spend a few weeks on the heart, then the lung, followed by the gastrointestinal tract. Eventually the whole body is covered. One of the fascinating developments in the last decade has been the functional linkage and new connections of seemingly diverse body systems. Fibromyalgia research finally hit its stride when important studies connected the nervous system, the endocrine (hormone) system, and the immune system. This enabled physicians to devise improved strategies to help fibromyalgia patients. Basic background information provided in this chapter will be expanded upon in later parts of the book when we review treatments. Within the brain is a small region known as the hypothalamus. It makes releasing hormones that travel down a short path to the pituitary gland, which makes stimulating hormones. The stimulating hormones send signals to tissues where hormones are manufactured for specialized functions. Table 3 and Figure 9 show how thyroid, cortisol, insulin, breast milk, and growth hormone are made along the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. We have already mentioned that emotional stress can bring on or aggravate fibromyalgia. At the National Institutes of Health and the University of Michigan, studies have firmly established some of the factors important in this relationship. The role of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), the precursor or ancestor of the steroid known as cortisol, has been the focus of much of this work. Even though CRH levels are normal in fibromyalgia, CRH responses (stress responses) to different forms of stimulation are blunted. CRH has many important interactions other than leading to the production of steroids. Its expression can be increased by stress, serotonin, and estrogen. Endorphins promote the secretion of CRH. Decreased sympathetic nervous system activity in the adrenal glands and substance P, as well as nitric oxide, can turn off CRH production. Rats with abnormally low stress responses develop many of the features we associate with fibromyalgia. How do these interrelationships translate into a fibromyalgia patient’s feeling of being unwell? The answer is not clear. However, these studies suggest that fibromyalgia patients do not respond normally to acute stress and do not release enough adrenalin.

Acute cold stress in rheumatoid arthritis inadequately activates stress responses and induces an increase of interleukin 6

2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
R H Straub ◽  
G Pongratz ◽  
H Hirvonen ◽  
T Pohjolainen ◽  
M Mikkelsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Cold Therapy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sympathetic Stress

Objective:Acute stress in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) should stimulate a strong stress response. After cryotherapy, we expected to observe an increase of hormones of the adrenal gland and the sympathetic nervous system.Methods:A total of 55 patients with RA were recruited for whole-body cryotherapy at −110°C and −60°C, and local cold therapy between −20°C and −30°C for 7 days. We measured plasma levels of steroid hormones, neuropeptide Y (sympathetic marker), and interleukin (IL)6 daily before and after cryotherapy.Results:In both therapy groups with/without glucocorticoids (GC), hormone and IL6 levels at baseline and 5 h after cold stress did not change over 7 days of cryotherapy. In patients without GC, plasma levels of cortisol and androstenedione were highest after −110°C cold stress followed by −60°C or local cold stress. The opposite was found in patients under GC therapy, in whom, unexpectedly, −110°C cold stress elicited the smallest responses. In patients without GC, adrenal cortisol production increased relative to other adrenal steroids, and again the opposite was seen under GC therapy with a loss of cortisol and an increase of dehydroepiandrosterone. Importantly, there was no sympathetic stress response in both groups. Patients without GC and −110°C cold stress demonstrated higher plasma IL6 compared to the other treatment groups (not observed under GC), but they showed the best clinical response.Conclusions:We detected an inadequate stress response in patients with GC. It is further shown that the sympathetic stress response was inadequate in patients with/without GC. Paradoxically, plasma levels of IL6 increased under strong cold stress in patients without GC. These findings confirm dysfunctional stress axes in RA.

scholarly journals Advances in Research on Adolescent Suicide and a High Priority Agenda for Future Research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Graham Clayton ◽  
Olivia Pollak ◽  
Sarah A. Owens ◽  
Adam Bryant Miller ◽  
Mitch Prinstein
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Federal Grants ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Societal Factors ◽  
Psychological Risk ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors

Suicide is the second leading cause of death for adolescents in the U.S., yet remarkably little is known regarding risk factors for suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs), relatively few federal grants and scientific publications focus on STBs, and few evidence-based approaches to prevent or treat STBs are available. This “decade in review” article discusses five domains of recent empirical findings that span biological, environmental, and contextual systems and can guide future research in this high priority area: 1) the role of the central nervous system; 2) physiological risk factors, including the peripheral nervous system; 3) proximal acute stress-responses; 4) novel behavioral and psychological risk factors; 5) broader societal factors impacting diverse populations; and several additional nascent areas worthy of further investigation.

scholarly journals Typhlichthys eigenmanni Charlton, 1933, an available name for a blind cavefish (Teleostei: Amblyopsidae), differentiated on the basis of characters of the central nervous system

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1374 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
LYNNE R. PARENTI
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Comparative Anatomy ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Visual Center ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The University ◽  
Blind Cavefish

Typhlichthys eigenmanni Charlton, 1933 was described inadvertently in a richly illustrated publication on the comparative anatomy of the central nervous system of blind cavefishes. Characters described by Charlton (1933) are sufficient to differentiate the species from Amblyopsis rosae (Eigenmann, 1898), with which he compared it in a detailed examination of the optic tectum, the primary visual center of the brain. These characters are: 1) a relatively narrow optic nerve, 2) a relatively large tractus mesencephalo-cerebellaris anterior; 3) the rostral bundle of the fibrae tectales nervi optici ascending in front of the nucleus dorsali thalami as opposed to coursing around its anterior pole; and, 4) relatively small brachia tecti. Efforts to locate Charlton’s type specimens of T. eigenmanni, likely histological slides, have not been successful. The type locality is Ha Ha Tonka State Park, Camden Co., Missouri. Putative topotypes are catalogued in collections of the University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology. Typhlichthys eigenmanni Charlton, 1933 is a subjective synonym of T. subterraneus Girard, 1859, the Southern Cavefish.

scholarly journals Preregistered replication of “Sick body, vigilant mind: The biological immune system activates the behavioral immune system”

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua M. Tybur ◽  
Benedict C Jones ◽  
Lisa Marie DeBruine ◽  
Joshua Ackerman ◽  
Vanessa Fasolt
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Original Study ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
Subsequent Infection ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Behavioral Immune System ◽  
System P ◽  
Biological Immune System ◽  
The University ◽  
Pathogen Avoidance

The tendency to attend to and avoid cues to pathogens varies across individuals and contexts. Researchers have proposed that this variation is partially driven by immunological vulnerability to infection, though support for this hypothesis is equivocal. One key piece of evidence finds that recently ill participants – who may have a reduced ability to combat subsequent infection – allocate more attention to faces with infectious disease cues than do participants who have not recently been ill. The current manuscript reports a direct replication of this study using a sample of 402 individuals from the University of Michigan, the University of Glasgow, and VU Amsterdam – over four times the sample size of the original study. No effect of illness recency on attentional bias for disfigured faces emerged. Though not supporting the original finding, this replication provides suggestions for future directions for research on the psychological underpinnings of pathogen avoidance.

scholarly journals HEALTH INSURANCE AND HEALTH CARE DECISION-MAKING FOR ADULTS IN THE PRE-MEDICARE YEARS: FINDINGS FROM NATIONAL SURVEYS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S11-S12
Author(s):  
Erica Solway ◽  
Renuka Tipirneni ◽  
Erica Solway
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Health Care Policy ◽  
Assistant Professor ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
The University

Abstract As more Americans approach retirement age and eligibility for Medicare coverage, many face difficult decisions about their health insurance and health care. This session explores how adults age 50-64 are navigating these choices following implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), presenting data from two nationally representative surveys: The University of Michigan’s National Poll on Healthy Aging (NPHA) and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Erica Solway, Associate Director of the NPHA, will begin by presenting background information about the NPHA and an overview of critical health policy issues for adults age 50-64. Jamie Luster, Research Area Specialist at the University of Michigan, will then provide NPHA findings linking concerns about health insurance affordability with delayed/forgone health care. Next, Aaron Scherer, Associate of Internal Medicine at the University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, will discuss NPHA findings on factors associated with adults’ concern about affordability of health insurance in retirement but before Medicare eligibility begins at age 65. Finally, Renuka Tipirneni, Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine at the University of Michigan, will present findings based on the HRS on changes in health care utilization for adults age 55-64 since implementation of the ACA’s Medicaid expansion. To conclude, Erica Solway will discuss current federal health care policy proposals for adults age 50-64, including the recent introduction of the Medicare at 50 bill, and how the perspectives and experiences of adults in this age group can help inform those policies.

scholarly journals Preregistered Direct Replication of “Sick Body, Vigilant Mind: The Biological Immune System Activates the Behavioral Immune System”

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1461-1469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua M. Tybur ◽  
Benedict C. Jones ◽  
Lisa M. DeBruine ◽  
Joshua M. Ackerman ◽  
Vanessa Fasolt
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Original Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
Subsequent Infection ◽  
Behavioral Immune System ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Biological Immune System ◽  
The University ◽  
Pathogen Avoidance

The tendency to attend to and avoid cues to pathogens varies across individuals and contexts. Researchers have proposed that this variation is partially driven by immunological vulnerability to infection, though support for this hypothesis is equivocal. One key piece of evidence (Miller & Maner, 2011) shows that participants who have recently been ill—and hence may have a reduced ability to combat subsequent infection—allocate more attention to faces with infectious-disease cues than do participants who have not recently been ill. The current article describes a direct replication of this study using a sample of 402 individuals from the University of Michigan, the University of Glasgow, and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam—more than 4 times the sample size of the original study. No effect of illness recency on attentional bias for disfigured faces emerged. Though it did not support the original finding, this replication provides suggestions for future research on the psychological underpinnings of pathogen avoidance.

A Tutoring Program for Prospective Secondary Mathematics Teachers

1971 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 721-724
Author(s):  
James K. Bidwell
Keyword(s):  
Student Teaching ◽  
Prospective Teachers ◽  
Secondary Mathematics ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
School Students ◽  
Public School Students ◽  
Secondary Mathematics Teachers ◽  
Tutoring Program ◽  
The University ◽  
Additional Exposure

Relevance is one of the current key words in undergraduate methods classes for prospective teachers. We have long realized that “talking about” teaching does not provide a sufficient basis even for student teaching experiences. Generally, contact with public school students is desirable prior to student teaching. However, it is often difficult to make the necessary administrative arrangements to provide additional exposure time for college students. As a partial answer to this problem, an experimental tutoring program was instituted at the University of Michigan. What follows is an account of the origin of this program and its development during the school years 1969-70 and 1970-71.

scholarly journals Influence of Exercise on Stress and Depression

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
Merav NAGEL
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Learned Helplessness ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Reflex Response ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese. There is evidence in human subjects that aerobic physical exercise boosts the immune system, influences stress hormone levels and depressive feelings (Brenner, Shek, Zamecnik, & Shephard, 1998). Moderate physical exercise can prevent detrimental effects of stress and depression as a result of the interaction between the neuroendocrine system and the immune system post aerobic exercise (Fleshner, 2000). In this study, the contribution of intensity and duration of exercise to modulation of stress responses were assessed. Physical exercise modulation of the response to a stressful threatening event was examined in rats at the behavioral and biochemical levels. At the behavioral level, the following parameters were measured: anxiety (Elevated Plus Maze, Startle reflex response measures), depression (Learned helplessness) exploratory orientation (Open field) and of cognitive abilities (Spatial learning and memory, active avoidance). At the biochemical level, alterations in the basal concentrations of neurosteroids and in responsiveness to stress were measured. In response to acute stress there is a rapid increase in neurosteroids (Vllee, Rivera, Koob, Purdy, & Fitzgerald, 2000). The neurosteroid allopregnanolone has been shown to be a potent ligand of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-A receptors. It enhances its receptor-mediated inhibitory effects in the rat (Guo et al., 1995; Pericic, Svob, Jazvinscak, & Mirkovic, 2000). The neurosteroid 3 alpha, 5 alpha THP acts like an antidepressant drug. It interacts with the central delta receptor, which has antidepressant-like effects (Khisti, Chopde, & Jain, 2000; Reddy, Kaur, & Kulkani, 1998). 進行適量運動能夠產生正面的健康影響，運動與身體免疫系統、壓力賀爾蒙和憂鬱情況的相關研究，經已得到確定。本文嘗試以不同的運動強度及時期，並用白鼠作用受試對象，去探討運動與壓力兩者的生理變化。

Novae in the Magellanic Clouds

1979 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
J.A. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Large Magellanic Cloud ◽  
Magellanic Cloud ◽  
Magellanic Clouds ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
The Past ◽  
Spectroscopic Information ◽  
Objective Prism ◽  
The University ◽  
Small Cloud ◽  
Low Dispersion

During the past several years, a systematic search for novae in the Magellanic Clouds has been carried out at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory. The Curtis Schmidt telescope, on loan to CTIO from the University of Michigan is used to obtain plates every two weeks during the observing season. An objective prism is used on the telescope. This provides additional low-dispersion spectroscopic information when a nova is discovered. The plates cover an area of 5°x5°. One plate is sufficient to cover the Small Magellanic Cloud and four are taken of the Large Magellanic Cloud with an overlap so that the central bar is included on each plate. The methods used in the search have been described by Graham and Araya (1971). In the CTIO survey, 8 novae have been discovered in the Large Cloud but none in the Small Cloud. The survey was not carried out in 1974 or 1976. During 1974, one nova was discovered in the Small Cloud by MacConnell and Sanduleak (1974).

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