scholarly journals Multi-Step Planning in the Brain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Miller ◽  
Sarah Jo Venditto
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Internal Model ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Plan Behavior ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Made In ◽  
Decision Tasks

Decisions in the natural world are rarely made in isolation. Each action that an organism selects will affect the future situations in which it finds itself, and those situations will in turn affect the future actions that are available. Achieving real-world goals often requires successfully navigating a sequence of many actions. An efficient and flexible way to achieve such goals is to construct an internal model of the environment, and use it to plan behavior multiple steps into the future. This process is known as multi-step planning, and its neural mechanisms are only beginning to be understood. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of these mechanisms, many of which take advantage of multi-step decision tasks for humans and animals.

Visible-light-driven photocatalytic selective organic oxidation reactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (40) ◽  
pp. 20897-20924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Yang ◽  
Suyuan Zhang ◽  
Peixian Li ◽  
Shuiying Gao ◽  
Rong Cao
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
The Future ◽  
Visible Light Driven ◽  
Organic Oxidation ◽  
Made In

In this review, we focus on the most recent advances made in visible-light-driven selective organic oxidation transformations and highlighted their reaction mechanisms. Moreover, we discuss the future development trends, challenges, and prospective outlook in detail.

scholarly journals Opportunities and critical factors of porous metal–organic frameworks for industrial light olefins separation

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 1954-1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianhao Lan ◽  
Libo Li ◽  
Yang Chen ◽  
Xiaoqing Wang ◽  
Jiangfeng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Porous Metal ◽  
Light Olefins ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Real World Applications ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Made In

We summarize and highlight recent advances in the realm of light olefins separation using MOFs as adsorbents, covering the progress made in improving the key features of MOFs that are necessary for their real-world applications.

Perspective on Devolpment of Nanotechnology in Textiles

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 670-673
Author(s):  
Jun Chen ◽  
Juan Hong Gu ◽  
Yan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Melt Spinning ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Textile Manufacturing ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
The Future ◽  
Textile Industries ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Made In

Nanotechnology has proven its importance in almost all areas, and textile industry is not an expectation. Several applications of nanotechnology can be extended to attain the performance enhancement of textile manufacturing machines and processes. Using different methods like electro spraying and electro spinning, various materials have been used to increase additional functions in textiles. This treatment is applied to give textiles the desired handle, to make further processing easier and to improve the thermal and antistatic properties. In this manuscript, we have summarized the recent advances made in nanotechnology and the methods of fabricating functional fibers by electrospinning and melt spinning preparation. Applications of the nanotechnology in textile industries are also summarized in this paper with some novel ideas that can be utilized for the future research in this area.

scholarly journals A Walk through Recent Nitro Chemistry Advances

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (16) ◽  
pp. 3680
Author(s):  
Nagatoshi Nishiwaki
Keyword(s):  
Nitro Group ◽  
Nitro Compounds ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
The Future ◽  
Made In

Chemistry of nitro groups and nitro compounds has long been intensively studied. Despite their long history, new reactions and methodologies are still being found today. This is due to the diverse reactivity of the nitro group. The importance of nitro chemistry will continue to increase in the future in terms of elaborate synthesis. In this article, we will take a walk through the recent advances in nitro chemistry that have been made in past decades.

Stimuli Responsive Electrospun Fibres: Functions and Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 809-810 ◽  
pp. 737-749
Author(s):  
Ying Xue Zhou ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
Xiao Dong Fan ◽  
Xi Wang ◽  
Jie Kong
Keyword(s):  
Electrospun Fiber ◽  
Medical Engineering ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Electrospun Fibers ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
The Future ◽  
Chemical Stimuli ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Made In

Stimuli responsive electrospun fibers are obtained considerable attention as excellent functions and properties. An overview is given on recent advances made in the development from component to structure of electrospun fiber and applications in the aspects of physical and chemical stimuli. The specific features for these electrospun fibers are highlighted and applications are discussed as regeneration medical engineering and drug-releasing implants materials. Furthermore, the development of multi-component and multi-stimuli functions electrospun fiber is proposed in the future perspective

scholarly journals Dorsal hippocampus contributes to model-based planning

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Miller ◽  
Matthew M. Botvinick ◽  
Carlos D. Brody
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Behavior ◽  
Internal Model ◽  
Dorsal Hippocampus ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Behavioral Analysis ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Brain

AbstractPlanning can be defined as a process of action selection that leverages an internal model of the environment. Such models provide information about the likely outcomes that will follow each selected action, and their use is a key function underlying complex adaptive behavior. However, the neural mechanisms supporting this ability remain poorly understood. In the present work, we adapt for rodents recent advances from work on human planning, presenting for the first time a task for animals which produces many trials of planned behavior per session, allowing the experimental toolkit available for use in trial-by-trial tasks for rodents to be applied to the study of planning. We take advantage of one part of this toolkit to address a perennially controversial issue in planning research: the role of the dorsal hippocampus. Although prospective representations in the hippocampus have been proposed to support model-based planning, intact planning in hippocampally damaged animals has been observed in a number of assays. Combining formal algorithmic behavioral analysis with muscimol inactivation, we provide the first causal evidence directly linking dorsal hippocampus with planning behavior. The results reported, and the methods introduced, open the door to new and more detailed investigations of the neural mechanisms of planning, in the hippocampus and throughout the brain.

Minecraft as a Creative Tool

Gamification ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 956-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cipollone ◽  
Catherine C. Schifter ◽  
Rick A. Moffat
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Real World ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Gaming Environment ◽  
Literature Class ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Made In

Many scholars are enthusiastic about the potential learning opportunities present in the sandbox-style gaming environment, Minecraft. In the following case study, the authors explored the use of Minecraft in a high school literature class and the presentation of characterization and plot in three student-made machinima, or films made in the game world. The authors demonstrate that Minecraft offers a unique opportunity for students to display their creativity and understanding of concepts in ways that are more feasible than if they were attempted in the “real” world. It is also relevant to point out that the epistemology associated Minecraft is constructionist in its nature, which implicates a different style of instruction than is typically employed in the U.S. classroom. The authors pose some questions about the diffusion of games like Minecraft in the future, based on their discussion of similar technologies in the past.

scholarly journals Slipping Through the Cracks in e-Lexicography

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Frankenberg-Garcia ◽  
Geraint Paul Rees ◽  
Robert Lew
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Lexical Database ◽  
The Future ◽  
False Sense ◽  
Made In ◽  
Corpus Tools

Abstract Despite the remarkable advances made in recent years to facilitate the lexicographer’s work of interpreting and synthesizing the complexity of language uncovered by corpora, an uncritical use of cutting-edge corpus tools and resources can instill a false sense of assurance. In this paper, authentic examples pertaining to wordlist use, collocation research and example selection that arose when compiling a real-world lexical database are discussed through the lens of problems that can easily slip through the cracks in e-lexicography. In doing so, we emphasize the importance of solid training and sound lexicographic judgment when using corpora, corpus tools and corpus-derived resources, and provide an opportunity to reflect on how e-lexicography can be further refined in the future.

A Dynamic Systems Approach to Personality

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence A. Pervin
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Systems ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Dynamic View ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

David Magnusson has been the most articulate spokesperson for a holistic, systems approach to personality. This paper considers three concepts relevant to a dynamic systems approach to personality: dynamics, systems, and levels. Some of the history of a dynamic view is traced, leading to an emphasis on the need for stressing the interplay among goals. Concepts such as multidetermination, equipotentiality, and equifinality are shown to be important aspects of a systems approach. Finally, attention is drawn to the question of levels of description, analysis, and explanation in a theory of personality. The importance of the issue is emphasized in relation to recent advances in our understanding of biological processes. Integrating such advances into a theory of personality while avoiding the danger of reductionism is a challenge for the future.

Penerapan Konsep Kota Pintar dengan Cara Penerapan ERP (Electronic Road Price) di Jalan Ibu Kota DKI Jakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Arman Syah Putra
Keyword(s):  
Erp System ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Price ◽  
The Future ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Made In

The problem raised in this research is the implementation of ERP (Electronic Road Price) which will be applied in several street corners of the capital of Jakarta, many pros and cons that will occur in its application, ranging from its licensing to its application in the field, socialization to users the road in the capital is very important to do because it will directly intersect with motorized motorists in the capital of Jakarta, in its application also must be considered using what tools are best placed in every corner of the capital to help smooth the system to be applied, in this research the author will provide suggestions and frameworks so that the implementation of the ERP system (Electronic Road Price) can be carried out right away, with the suggestions that have been made are expected to influence the policies that will be made in terms of ERP (Electronic Road Price) in the future.

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