Longitudinal Antecedents of School Bonding in Adolescence

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gill Terrett ◽  
Meredith O'Connor ◽  
Mary T. Hawkins ◽  
Ann Sanson ◽  
Diana Smart

School bonding has been identified as a protective factor for a broad range of adolescent outcomes, and it is thus important to identify factors that foster positive relationships with school. The ecological perspective suggests the importance of both individual and contextual antecedents across developmental periods, yet previous research has tended to examine only a narrow selection of school bonding correlates. This study sought to identify longitudinal influences on school bonding, examining the role of both individual and contextual factors over childhood and early adolescence. We draw on data from 1,308 participants (51% female) in the Australian Temperament Project, a large representative Australian sample that has followed the psychosocial development of participants from infancy to adulthood, and thus provides a rare opportunity to address this gap in the literature. Path analysis was conducted to examine individual and contextual predictors of school bonding at 15–16 years. The individual characteristics of higher academic achievement and sociability, and lower hyperactivity predicted school bonding. Contextual factors also made a significant contribution, including the parent–child relationships and maternal education. The results indicate that both individual and contextual factors make unique contributions to school bonding in adolescence, suggesting a number of potential targets for intervention.

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-109
Author(s):  
Chernysh O.O.

The urgency of the researched problem is connected with the growing role of mass media in modern conditions leads to change of values and transformation of identity of the person. The active growth of the role of the media, their influence on the formation and development of personality leads to the concept of “media socialization” and immutation in the media. The aim of the study is to outline the possibilities of the process of media socialization in the context of immutation in the media. The methods of our research are: analysis of pedagogical, psychological, literature, synthesis, comparison, generalization. The article analyzes the views of domestic and foreign scientists on the problem of immutation in the media and the transformation of the information space. In the context of the mass nature of the immutation of society, the concept of “media socialization” becomes relevant, which is the basis for reducing the negative impact of the media on the individual.The author identifies the lack of a thorough study of the concept of “media socialization” in modern scientific thought. Thus, media socialization is associated with the transformation of traditional means of socialization, and is to assimilate and reproduce the social experience of mankind with the help of new media.The article analyzes the essence of the concepts “media space”, “mass media” and “immutation”. The influence of mass media on the formation and development of the modern personality is described in detail.The study concluded that it is necessary to form a media culture of the individual, to establish safe and effective interaction of young people with the modern media system, the formation of media awareness, media literacy and media competence in accordance with age and individual characteristics for successful media socialization. The role of state bodies in solving the problem of media socialization of the individual was also determined. It is determined that the process of formation of media culture in youth should take place at the level of traditional institutions of socialization of the individual.The author sees the prospect of further research in a detailed analysis and study of the potential of educational institutions as an institution and a means of counteracting the mass nature of the immutation of society.Key words: immutation, media socialization, mass media, media space, information.


SURG Journal ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary-Ellen Wales

It is evident that convenience plays a prominent role in the food choices of today’s consumers. A trend having begun throughout the Western world, consumer demand for convenience foods is now on the rise around the globe. The growing presence of drive-thru windows, microwave dinners, take-out meals, home delivery for groceries and internet shopping, all demonstrate the importance of convenience in determining food choices. Costa et al. have argued that convenience itself determines where, when, why, what, how, and even with whom we eat. Several studies have examined the role that convenience plays in determining food choices, in particular, studies looking at the role of convenience in relation to full meal preparation and/ or consumption.The two areas of investigation will be 1) the dimensions of convenience as a part of the meal preparation and consumption processe, and 2) the individual characteristics of consumers and how they value these dimensions.


Articult ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
Olga S. Davydova ◽  

The article is a conceptual exploration of the life and creative path of Mikhail Aleksandrovich Vrubel (1856-1910) in the context of the individual characteristics of his personality. The relevance of this study is determined by the need to find new conceptual angles in the field of understanding the idealistic component of M.A. Vrubel's work, i.e. in the field of his iconographic poetics. The visual myth-making of the artist, who drew on authentic spiritual prototypes, defined the leading role of Vrubel not only in Russian Symbolism and Modernism, but also in Modernism as a whole. The linking of the biographical aspect with M.A. Vrubel's poetic thinking, examined through the prism of “pure art”, i.e. in the context of the idea of the legitimacy of the independent existence of the self-contained reality of the work, can give entirely new accents of understanding the deep origins and potential meanings of the artist's work at the present stage of development of art history.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. p1
Author(s):  
Dr. Pham Xuan Hung ◽  
MA. Pham Hoang Khanh Linh

The world’s in the process of globalization with the Fourth Industrial Revolution that connects people, influential nations, interactions, interdependence in every way. To survive and develop all of us must constantly innovate, create new products excel. Optimal solutions and breakthrough decisions’re entirely dependent on the creativity of each member of the organization. In this context, higher education, the role of universities’ teachers’re seen as the vanguard of innovation with mission to train human resources of high quality to meet the needs’ economic development - social. The articles’ give three groups of factors that influence the development of innovative competency’s university teachers; in which influential group’s within themselves, motives, the individual characteristics, the energy of the behavior. Self-motivation’s the key to formation and creation. And the way to develop the creative ability of university lecturers’re awaken the potential in each person so that they know how to self-control, master, orient themselves to develop their career.


2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Bushov ◽  
M. V. Svetlik

The present study pursued to investigate the role of phase interactions between EEG rhythms in the process of the perception of time. The purpose of the study was to analyse the dependence of these interactions on the type and stage of the activity being performed, as well as on the individual characteristics of a human. For this purpose, 27 boys and 29 girls, all university students, were asked to reproduce and measure short intervals of time (200 and 800 ms), during which their EEG was recorded in frontal, central, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes, according to the system 10–20%. While studying phase interactions between EEG rhythms, we used wavelet bispectral analysis and calculated the bicoherence function. As it follows from the conducted research, most often close phase interactions are observed between the gamma-rhythm and other rhythms of EEG or between different frequencies of the gamma-rhythm. It was established that the phase interactions under study were influenced by the factors of “sex”, “activity type”, and “activity stage”. The study showed correlations of phase interactions with the levels of intellect, extraversion, neuroticism, with the particularities of the lateral organisation of brain, and the accuracy of time perception.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Resti Wahyuni ◽  
Titik Harsanti

Nowadays, diphtheria cases always increase from year to year. Until now, no drug has been found to cure diphtheria, but there is the most effective way of prevention through immunization. It is known that diphtheria sufferers who don’t get immunizations increase every year. The purpose of this study is to determine the individual and contextual factors that influence the status of DPT immunization in Indonesia and its trends and to know the diversity between cities. The data used in this study are Susenas KOR and consumption and expenditure (KP) modules. The results of multilevel binary logistic regression analysis indicate that individual factors that influence the status of DPT immunization are residence classification, highest maternal education, ownership of immunization cards, birth order, and household poverty status. While the contextual are the ratio of posyandu to 100,000 population and PDRB. Characteristics of children aged 12-59 who do not get immunizations tend to live in rural areas, have mothers with the highest education in junior high school, don’t have immunization cards, who born late in households with many children, and come from poor households. Besides that, there is a diversity of characteristics between cities, which amounted to 22,19%.


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khurram Iftikhar Bhatti ◽  
Muhammad Iftikhar Ul Husnain ◽  
Abubakr Saeed ◽  
Iram Naz ◽  
Syed Danial Hashmi

PurposeThis study examines the role of the observable and unobservable characteristics of top management on earning management and firm risk in China.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used manager-firm matched panel for 104 non-financial firms listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange between 2010 and 2018. The authors also trace the persistence of managerial financial styles and their active role across two different firms between which managers switched during the sample period.FindingsThe results show that managers' financial styles indeed influence earning management and firm risk and that this influence differs across different managers. These findings are robust when tested for the persistence and active role of managers. Furthermore, individual characteristics such as age, gender, qualification and experience influence managers' financial styles.Practical implicationsGiven their findings, the authors propose that financial analysts and potential investors should not only depend on quantitative data but also consider the individual characteristics of managers when evaluating firms.Social implicationsThe findings of this study carry serious implications for managers, policymakers and potential investors. The findings assist the external auditors in measuring the risk of material misstatement, the various regulatory bodies to assess the quality of financial reporting and the users of financial statements to evaluate the earnings and make further investment decisions considering not only the quantitative data but also the individual characteristics of top managers.Originality/valueThe current study examines the observable and unobservable characteristics of top management on firm risk and earnings management in Chinese context.


2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Hahn ◽  
David Richter ◽  
Juergen Schupp ◽  
Mitja Back

In light of the recent worldwide migration of refugees, determinants of a more or less successful integration are heavily discussed, but reliable empirical investigations are scarce and have often focused on sociodemographic factors. In the present study, we explore the role of several individual characteristics for refugee adjustment in the areas of institutional, interpersonal and intrapersonal adaptation. In a sample of 4,527 refugees (M = 33.6 years, 38% women), we investigated the predictive power of sociodemographic characteristics, cognitive skills and personality factors. Both, cognitive skills and personality, showed incremental predictive validity beyond sociodemographic factors for refugee adjustment comparable across contextual factors. The study underscores the importance of personality providing important implications for understanding integration processes and optimizing interventions on personal, social, and societal levels.


Author(s):  
Korokhod Ya.D.

Purpose of the article is the analysis of the conceptual positions of the representatives of psychological science within the concept of “mental development” and definition of the periodization of mental development in the views of domestic and foreign representatives. Research methods. Analysis and synthesis, systematization of scientific sources, comparison and generalization.Results. It is determined that mental development covers various fields of human existence, including such as: psychophysiological, cognitive and psychosocial ones. It is characterized by features that are expressed in irreversibility, direction and regularity.It is considered the S. Hall's theory of recapitulation, which is based on the biogenetic law in the article. Taking into account the contribution of S. Hall to the development of psychological knowledge, E. Hutchison lays the extraction of food by man as a criterion in the basis of mental development. It is determined the role of ethical and moral ideas in the views of L. Kohlberg and the connection with the periodization of human development.It was taken into account the role of psychological orientations of a human in his life and their role at each stage of mental development of the individual through the theory of psychosocial development of E. Erickson. It is determined the place of intelligence in human development and its connection with the development of the human psyche in the views of J. Piaget. It is characterized the views of S. Khudoyan views in the periodization of human development, where in his research he relied on the functional significance of biological, social and psychological neoformations.Conclusions. According to the results of theoretical analysis, it is established that a mental development is influenced by both external and internal factors, or biological and social. Periodization of its development was devised by scientists and theorists in accordance with the driving forces, which in their opinion were decisive. It was identified the areas according to which theories of periodization of mental development were devised: biogenetic, sociogenetic and mixed.Key words: psyche, mental development, subjective and objective factors, age, crisis periods. Мета. Метою статті є аналіз концептуальних положень представників психологічної науки в рамках поняття «психічний розвиток» та визначення проблематики періодизації психічного розвитку в поглядах вітчизняних та зарубіжних представників. Методи. Аналіз та синтез, систематизація наукових джерел, порівняння та узагальнення.Результати. Визначено, що психічний розвиток охоплює собою різні сфери людського буття, вклю-чаючи психофізіологічну, когнітивну та психосоціальну сфери. Для нього характерні особливості, які виражаються в незворотності, спрямованості та закономірності.У статті розглянуто теорію рекапітуляцій С. Холла, в основі якої лежить біогенетичний закон. Беручи до уваги вклад С. Холла в розвиток психологічного знання, Е. Гетчисон в основу психічного розвитку закладає добування їжі людиною як критерій. Визначено роль етичних та моральних уявлень у поглядах Л. Колберга та зв’язок із періодизацією розвитку людини. Проаналізовано наявність кризових періодів у періодизації психологічного розвитку особистості в поглядах Л. Виготського та В. Слободчикова.Було взято до уваги роль психологічних орієнтирів людини в її житті та їх роль на кожному етапі психічного розвитку особистості через теорію психосоціального розвитку Е. Еріксона. Визначено місце інтелекту в розвитку особистості та зв’язок його з розвитком психіки в поглядах Ж. Піаже. Охарактеризовано погляди С. Худояна в періодизації розвитку людини, де у своїх дослідженнях він спирався на функціональне значення біологічних, соціальних та психологічних новоутворень.Висновки. За результатами теоретичного аналізу встановлено, що психічний розвиток зазнає впливу як зовнішніх, так і внутрішніх чинників, або ж біологічних і соціальних. Періодизація психічного розвитку розроблялась науковцями та теоретиками відповідно до рушійних сил, які, на їхню думку, були визначальними. Були виділені напрями, згідно з якими розроблялись теорії періодизації психічного розвитку: біогенетичний, соціогенетичний та змішаний. Подальші перспективи дослідження будуть розширювати ґрунтовність вивчення означеної проблеми.Ключові слова: психіка, психічний розвиток, суб’єктивні та об’єктивні чинники, вік, кризові періоди.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 362-362
Author(s):  
Elise Grimm ◽  
Stefan Agrigoroaei

Abstract Recent theoretical and empirical studies have considered higher cognitive performance as a protective factor with respect to reactivity, recovery and habituation to acute stressors. The goal of our study was to examine the individual role of inhibition, working memory, processing speed, reasoning, and category fluency in the regulation of the cortisol response to a laboratory challenge. Younger, middle-aged, and older participants (N =109, aged 22-84, M=55.90, SD=16.35) were invited to a laboratory session comprising a driving simulation and a set of cognitive tasks. At least one week in advance, baseline cognitive performance was measured using the Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone (BTACT). Throughout the lab session, five saliva samples were taken, which allowed for the computation of a global measure of cortisol release (area under the curve (AUC)). Cortisol AUC was regressed on the individual BTACT cognitive tests, while controlling for age, sex, education, body mass index, physical activity, and time since awakening. The results revealed that inhibition and working memory significantly accounted for the cortisol response. These associations remained significant when other factors such as smoking, caffeine consumption, and medication use were included as covariates. The contributions of reasoning and speed of processing approached significance. Our findings contribute to the emerging evidence that cognitive functioning modulates stress responses to acute stressors. The findings are discussed in the context of cognitive interventions with transfers and implications for stress processes and healthy aging.


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