The developmental origins of hoarding disorder in adolescence: a longitudinal clinical interview study following an epidemiological survey

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volen Z Ivanov ◽  
David Mataix-Cols ◽  
Eva Serlachius ◽  
Gustaf Brander ◽  
Anders Elmquist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Young People ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Developmental Origins ◽  
Initial Screening ◽  
Hoarding Disorder ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Psychiatric Screening

BACKGROUND: Hoarding disorder (HD) is hypothesized to originate in childhood/adolescence but little is known about the presentation of hoarding symptoms in youth and their natural history. In this longitudinal study, we tracked and conducted in-depth psychiatric interviews with twins who participated in an epidemiological survey and screened positive on a measure of hoarding symptoms at age 15. METHODS: Twins screening positive for clinically significant hoarding symptoms at age 15 (n=42), their co-twins (n= 33), a group of screen negative twins (n=49), and their parents underwent a clinical assessment a median of 3 years after the initial screening. The assessment included psychiatric screening, hoarding symptoms and cognitions, in-home or photographic assessment of clutter levels, parental accommodation and familial burden.RESULTS: None of the participants had significant levels of clutter at follow-up and thus did not meet strict criteria for HD. However, twins meeting partial criteria (i.e. DSM-5 criteria A and B) for HD (n=28) had more psychiatric disorders and scored significantly higher on all measures of hoarding symptoms including researcher-rated levels of clutter in their homes, compared to twins who did not meet criteria for HD (n=46).CONCLUSIONS: As currently defined in DSM-5, HD may be rare in young people. A non-negligible proportion of young people who were screen positive on hoarding symptoms at age 15 had substantial hoarding symptoms and other psychopathology at follow-up. Whether and how many of these individuals will develop full-blown HD is unknown but the results offer unique insights about the probable origins of HD.

scholarly journals Microaneurysm Turnover in Mild Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy is Associated with Progression and Development of Vision-Threatening Complications: A 5-Year Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2142
Author(s):  
Ana Rita Santos ◽  
Luis Mendes ◽  
Maria Helena Madeira ◽  
Ines P. Marques ◽  
Diana Tavares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Predictive Biomarker ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Background: Analysis of retinal microaneurysm turnover (MAT) has been previously shown to contribute to the identification of eyes at risk of developing clinically significant complications associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR). We propose to further characterize MAT as a predictive biomarker of DR progression and development of vision-threatening complications. Methods: 212 individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D; ETDRS grades 20 and 35) were evaluated annually in a 5-year prospective, longitudinal study, by color fundus photography and optical coherence tomography. Endpoints were diabetic macular edema (DME) or proliferative retinopathy (PDR). MAT analysis included determination of MA formation and disappearance rates, automatically assessed using the RetMarkerDR®. Retinopathy severity progression was evaluated using step increases in ETDRS severity levels. Results: Of the 212 individuals, 172 completed the 5-year follow-up study or developed an endpoint (n = 27). MAT calculated at 1 year showed a significant difference between groups of endpoint developments (p = 0.018), particularly MA disappearance rate (p = 0.007). MAT also showed a significant difference between eyes with different ETDRS severity progression in the 5-year period (p = 0.035). Conclusions: MAT is an indicator of the development of DME and/or PDR as well as of DR severity progression in T2D individuals with mild retinopathy.

scholarly journals Does How We Remember Predict How We Will Feel? A Longitudinal Study of the Influence of Overgeneral Memory on the Development of Depression in Young People

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Zara Mansoor
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Young People ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Overgeneral Memory ◽  
One Year ◽  
Over Time

<p>An increased tendency towards overgeneral memory (OGM) has been associated with depression in young people. How this may impact the early development of depressive symptoms is unclear. This has been difficult to determine due to the lack of longitudinal research in this area, in particular with young people in the community prior to the development of significant depressive symptoms. The current study aimed to investigate how OGM related to the development of depression in a community sample of 235 young people aged 10- to 15-years at baseline. Measures of depression, OGM, and rumination were obtained at baseline and follow-up, one year later. As predicted, and consistent with past findings, an increased tendency towards OGM at follow-up was associated with greater depressive symptoms. However, despite indications from previous work that OGM may also predict depression prior to the emergence of symptoms, the reverse was found with depression predicting OGM over time. This suggests that among the general population, while OGM may be an associated and possible maintaining feature of depression, it appears to be a consequence of experiencing depressive symptoms rather than a significant early predictive or vulnerability factor. Contrary to evidence that rumination may also increase OGM, rumination was not significantly associated with OGM. Limitations, strengths and future directions based on these findings are discussed.</p>

Prognostic Impact of 18-F-Florbetaben Amyloid PET Imaging in Patients with Isolated Increases in Cerebrospinal Fluid Phospho-Tau Biomarkers: A Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 1389-1394
Author(s):  
Amory Jardel ◽  
Lucie Hopes ◽  
Catherine Malaplate ◽  
Véronique Roch ◽  
Chloé Manca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Tau Proteins ◽  
Prognostic Impact ◽  
Amyloid Pet ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Amyloid Pet Imaging

This longitudinal study evaluates the prognostic impact of amyloid PET in patients suspected of Alzheimer’s disease and presenting with isolated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) increases in P-Tau proteins (NCT02556502). The rate of conversion, based on the DSM-5 criteria and all collected data (average follow-up of 39.2±13.2 months), was determined by a panel of experts blinded to the PET results and was 75%(6/8) for positive and 35%(6/17) for negative baseline amyloid PET. In this population with isolated CSF increases in P-Tau, a positive baseline amyloid PET was associated with greater than twice the proportion of dementia conversions within the following three years.

scholarly journals A naturalistic, long-term follow-up of purging disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
K. Jean Forney ◽  
Ross D. Crosby ◽  
Tiffany A. Brown ◽  
Kelly M. Klein ◽  
Pamela K. Keel
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Eating Pathology ◽  
Full Recovery ◽  
Predictors Of Outcome ◽  
Purging Disorder ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Weight And Shape Concerns ◽  
Clinically Significant

Abstract Background The DSM-5 introduced purging disorder (PD) as an other specified feeding or eating disorder characterized by recurrent purging in the absence of binge eating. The current study sought to describe the long-term outcome of PD and to examine predictors of outcome. Methods Women (N = 84) who met research criteria for PD completed a comprehensive battery of baseline interview and questionnaire assessments. At an average of 10.24 (3.81) years follow-up, available records indicated all women were living, and over 95% were successfully located (n = 80) while over two-thirds (n = 58) completed follow-up assessments. Eating disorder status, full recovery status, and level of eating pathology were examined as outcomes. Severity and comorbidity indicators were tested as predictors of outcome. Results Although women experienced a clinically significant reduction in global eating pathology, 58% continued to meet criteria for a DSM-5 eating disorder at follow-up. Only 30% met established criteria for a full recovery. Women reported significant decreases in purging frequency, weight and shape concerns, and cognitive restraint, but did not report significant decreases in depressive and anxiety symptoms. Quality of life was impaired in the physical, psychological, and social domains. More severe weight and shape concerns at baseline predicted meeting criteria for an eating disorder at follow-up. Other baseline severity indicators and comorbidity did not predict the outcome. Conclusions Results highlight the severity and chronicity of PD as a clinically significant eating disorder. Future work should examine maintenance factors to better adapt treatments for PD.

scholarly journals Does How We Remember Predict How We Will Feel? A Longitudinal Study of the Influence of Overgeneral Memory on the Development of Depression in Young People

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Zara Mansoor
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Young People ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Overgeneral Memory ◽  
One Year ◽  
Over Time

<p>An increased tendency towards overgeneral memory (OGM) has been associated with depression in young people. How this may impact the early development of depressive symptoms is unclear. This has been difficult to determine due to the lack of longitudinal research in this area, in particular with young people in the community prior to the development of significant depressive symptoms. The current study aimed to investigate how OGM related to the development of depression in a community sample of 235 young people aged 10- to 15-years at baseline. Measures of depression, OGM, and rumination were obtained at baseline and follow-up, one year later. As predicted, and consistent with past findings, an increased tendency towards OGM at follow-up was associated with greater depressive symptoms. However, despite indications from previous work that OGM may also predict depression prior to the emergence of symptoms, the reverse was found with depression predicting OGM over time. This suggests that among the general population, while OGM may be an associated and possible maintaining feature of depression, it appears to be a consequence of experiencing depressive symptoms rather than a significant early predictive or vulnerability factor. Contrary to evidence that rumination may also increase OGM, rumination was not significantly associated with OGM. Limitations, strengths and future directions based on these findings are discussed.</p>

Therapie alkoholbezogener Störungen im Alter: Ergebnisse der deutschen Stichprobe der randomisiert-kontrollierten ELDERLY-Studie bis zum 12-Monats-Follow-up

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Braun ◽  
Silke Behrendt ◽  
Daniela Piontek ◽  
Ludwig Kraus ◽  
Gerhard Bühringer
Keyword(s):  
Sich Eine ◽  
Complete Case ◽  
Intention To Treat ◽  
Dsm 5

Zusammenfassung. Zielsetzung: Der demographische Wandel lässt eine höhere Anzahl älterer Personen mit Alkoholproblemen erwarten, deren therapeutische Versorgung bislang unzureichend ist. Mit der internationalen, randomisiert-kontrollierten ELDERLY-Studie wurden zwei Varianten einer ambulanten psychotherapeutischen Behandlung für Personen ab 60 Jahren mit einer Alkoholkonsumstörung nach DSM-5 (AS) in drei Ländern erprobt. Methodik: Nach der Baseline-Befragung wurden die zufällig zugeordneten Behandlungsgruppen nach 1, 3, 6 und 12 Monaten erneut untersucht. Erfasst wurden Veränderungen (Zeit und Gruppe) hinsichtlich Trinkmenge, Anzahl abstinenter Tage, Anzahl Tage Rauschtrinken und Tage risikoarmen Konsums sowie Anzahl zutreffender DSM-5-Kriterien für AS. Complete-Case- und Intention-to-treat-Analysen werden für die deutsche Teilstichprobe vorgestellt (n=203). Ergebnisse: Für beide Behandlungsgruppen ergaben sich stabil bis zu 12 Monate nach Baseline ein Anstieg der Abstinenzrate (18 %; t0: 4 %), des Anteils der Personen ohne einen Tag mit riskantem Konsum (45 %, t0: 4 %) sowie ohne Rauschtrinken (68 %, t0: 15 %). Auch zeigte sich eine Verringerung der Trinkmenge (Median bei 27 g Reinalkohol pro Trinktag; t0: 58 g) und Anzahl erfüllter AS-Kriterien (Median bei 2; t0: 5). Schlussfolgerungen: Die Verbesserungen des Trinkverhaltens und der AS-Symptome waren trotz relativ kurzer Behandlungsdauer stabil. Motivierende Interventionen, insbesondere die persönliche Rückmeldung zum Trinkverhalten, bewirken auch bei älteren Personen mit alkoholbezogenen Störungen Verhaltensänderungen. Ein therapeutischer Nihilismus ist unangebracht; vielmehr sollten spezifische Bedürfnisse der Zielgruppe beachtet und in passenden Versorgungsangeboten umgesetzt werden.

Seven-Year Follow-Up of Screening for Hypertension and Diabetes at a Dental Clinic

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran Friman
Keyword(s):  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Initial Screening ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Medical Screening ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Undiagnosed Hypertension ◽  
Dental Setting ◽  
Study Participants

Objective: To describe the distribution of risk, diagnosis and pharmacological treatments for diabetes and hypertension after seven years among patients provided with opportunistic medical screening in a dental setting. Material and Methods: The initial screening’s 170 participants were asked to take part in a seven-year follow-up study. Data were collected through self-reported information in a written health declaration. Outcome measures: • Number of study participants who had passed away • Prescription of antidiabetics or antihypertensives • Changes in weight and height to calculate body mass index (BMI) Results: The follow-up study consisted of 151 participants. Twenty had passed away. The risk needs for medicating with antihypertensive drugs after seven years for those not receiving pharmacological treatment at the initial screening was 3.7 times greater (p=0.025 CI 1.2-11.3) for participants with a diastolic blood pressure (BP) ≥ 90 mm Hg (85 for diabetics) than for the others. The risk was 3.9 times greater (p=0.020 CI 1.2-12.6) for those with a systolic BP of 140-159 mm Hg and 54.2 times greater (p<0.0001 CI 9.8-300.3) for those with a systolic BP ≥ 160 mm Hg than for those with a systolic BP 140 mm Hg. There were no changes in BMI. Conclusion: At least one in ten cases of incorrect medication or undiagnosed hypertension may be identifiable through opportunistic medical screening

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document