Why Passionate Employees Can Have It All: Passion Lowers Time Stress by Enhancing Goal Integration

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Jachimowicz ◽  
Ashley Whillans
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Common Drive ◽  
Goal Integration ◽  
Time And Energy ◽  
Passion For Work

Passionate employees seem to effortlessly juggle numerous work commitments and devote vast amounts of time and energy to the advancement of their goals. Past research suggests that this dedication improves the productivity of passionate employees. However, it is unclear how employees' work passion promotes their resolve. We propose that employees' passion for work reduces how much time pressure they perceive, providing them with the feeling that they have sufficient time to accomplish their goals. This occurs, we suggest, because employees' passion for work integrates seemingly disparate work-related ambitions within one common drive. To provide evidence for this hypothesis, we conducted four studies, including two field studies with employees at a technology and financial services company, and two pre-registered experimental studies (N = 3,321). Our results reveal why passionate employees attain better outcomes, and help to shed light on when and why their passion for work is likely to incur productivity benefits.

296 Sex differences in sleep and wakefulness of police officers working shifts: evidence from a field study

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A118-A118
Author(s):  
Gabriela Caetano ◽  
Laura Kervezee ◽  
Fernando Gonzales-Aste ◽  
Philippe Boudreau ◽  
Diane Boivin
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Time Awake

Abstract Introduction National reports of work-related injuries found the excess risk of work injury attributed to shift work to be significantly higher among women. The Working Time Society (WTS) concluded that male sex is one of the few factors that is “consistently associated with perceived or actual shift work tolerance”. However, it is unclear if physiological parameters are involved. Laboratory-controlled studies report sex differences in circadian rhythms (body temperature, melatonin). In sleep deprivation protocols, alertness and cognitive performances were affected by sex, menstrual cycle phase and hormonal contraceptives [HC] use. Nevertheless, field studies that compare male and female shift workers are scarce. Methods An observational study including 76 police officers working on patrol: 56 males and 20 females (11 using [HC], 6 not using [non-HC] and 3 with unknown use of hormonal contraception) aged 32.0 ± 5.3 years. Participants were followed throughout a month-long work cycle (1,457 morning, evening, night, or other shifts, plus rest days). They filled out time-stamped questionnaires (Samn-Perelli, KSS, Visual Analogue Scales, ~5/day; sleep and work-related information, ~1–2/day), completed 5-min Psychomotor Vigilance Tasks (PVT, ~2/day), and wore an actigraph to collect activity data. Linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze the effects of group, time awake and time-of-day on fatigue, sleepiness, alertness, mood and PVT measures. Results Self-reported measures and psychomotor performance significantly varied with time awake and time-of-day. Fatigue and sleepiness levels were significantly higher among female compared to male police officers, both with time awake and across the 24-h day. These variations were similar between non-HC females and the other groups. Compared to males, HC females were more fatigued and less alert, both with time awake and across the 24-h day, and sleepier with time awake. Having children at home did not explain these differences. Conclusion The results of this study expand our knowledge on the sex differences in the sleep and circadian physiology and demonstrate a critical effect of HC on women fatigue, sleepiness and alertness when working shifts. Sex and hormonal parameters must be considered in occupational medicine as well as in future laboratory and field studies on shift workers and circadian rhythms. Support (if any) IRSST, FRQS.

Passion for work: Relationships with general and maladaptive personality traits and work-related outcomes

2022 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 111306
Author(s):  
Jasmine Vergauwe ◽  
Bart Wille ◽  
Elien De Caluwé ◽  
Filip De Fruyt
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Work Relationships ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Passion For Work

scholarly journals Ergonomic Evaluation of Current Advancements in Blueberry Harvesting

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunsik Kim ◽  
Andris Freivalds ◽  
Fumiomi Takeda ◽  
Changying Li
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Component Ratio ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Private Industry ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Trauma Disorders

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) accounted for 32% of days-away-from-work cases in private industry in 2016. Several factors have been associated with MSDs, such as repetitive motion, excessive force, awkward and/or sustained postures, and prolonged sitting and standing, all of which are required in farm workers’ labor. While numerous epidemiological studies on the prevention of MSDs in agriculture have been conducted, an ergonomics evaluation of blueberry harvesting has not yet been systematically performed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors of MSDs for several types of blueberry harvesting (hand harvesting, semi-mechanical harvesting with hand-held shakers, and over-the-row machines) in terms of workers’ postural loads and self-reported discomfort using ergonomics intervention techniques. Five field studies in the western region of the United States between 2017 and 2018 were conducted using the Borg CR10 scale, electromyography (EMG), Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), the Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTD) index, and the NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) lifting equation. In evaluating the workloads of picking and moving blueberries by hand, semi-mechanical harvesting with hand-held shakers, and completely mechanized harvesting, only EMG and the NIOSH lifting equation were used, as labor for this system is limited to loading empty lugs and unloading full lugs. Based on the results, we conclude that working on the fully mechanized harvester would be the best approach to minimizing worker loading and fatigue. This is because the total component ratio of postures in hand harvesting with a RULA score equal to or greater than 5 was 69%, indicating that more than half of the postures were high risk for shoulder pain. For the semi-mechanical harvesting, the biggest problem with the shakers is the vibration, which can cause fatigue and various risks to workers, especially in the upper limbs. However, it would be challenging for small- and medium-sized blueberry farms to purchase automated harvesters due to their high cost. Thus, collaborative efforts among health and safety professionals, engineers, social scientists, and ergonomists are needed to provide effective ergonomic interventions.

scholarly journals How does adopting a Growth Mindset Improve Academic Performance? Probing the Underlying Mechanisms in a Nationally- Representative Sample

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maithreyi Gopalan ◽  
David Scott Yeager
Keyword(s):  
Academic Outcomes ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Growth Mindset ◽  
National Study ◽  
Student Behaviors ◽  
Low Achieving Students ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Students who are taught that intellectual abilities are not fixed but can be developed—a growth mindset of intelligence—show improvements in their academic outcomes. Specifically, the mindset treatment effects are strongest for low-achieving students and vary across school contexts, as demonstrated by several lab and field-experimental studies including the largest randomized control trial (RCT) evaluation in a nationally- representative sample of 9th graders in the US as shown by the National Study of Learning Mindsets (NSLM). Yet, the mechanisms through which a growth mindset brings about positive academic outcomes remains unclear. Past research posits a role for challenge-seeking/learning-oriented behaviors exhibited by students exposed to a growth mindset intervention. However, research illuminating this pathway from mindset to academic outcomes through student behaviors are sparse. For the first time, given the multisite RCT design and the inclusion of a rich set of mediators—especially, a mediator measured using a novel behavioral task that elicits learning-oriented behavior in the NSLM, rather than relying on just self-reported mindset measures, this research tests the complete mediational pathway and highlights a key mechanism through which growth mindset interventions may work.

scholarly journals Experimental studies illuminate the cultural transmission of percussive technologies in Homo and Pan

2015 ◽  
Vol 370 (1682) ◽  
pp. 20140359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Whiten
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Tool Use ◽  
Cultural Transmission ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Cognitive Context ◽  
The Social ◽  
Special Power ◽  
Social Learning Processes

The complexity of Stone Age tool-making is assumed to have relied upon cultural transmission, but direct evidence is lacking. This paper reviews evidence bearing on this question provided through five related empirical perspectives. Controlled experimental studies offer special power in identifying and dissecting social learning into its diverse component forms, such as imitation and emulation. The first approach focuses on experimental studies that have discriminated social learning processes in nut-cracking by chimpanzees. Second come experiments that have identified and dissected the processes of cultural transmission involved in a variety of other force-based forms of chimpanzee tool use. A third perspective is provided by field studies that have revealed a range of forms of forceful, targeted tool use by chimpanzees, that set percussion in its broader cognitive context. Fourth are experimental studies of the development of flint knapping to make functional sharp flakes by bonobos, implicating and defining the social learning and innovation involved. Finally, new and substantial experiments compare what different social learning processes, from observational learning to teaching, afford good quality human flake and biface manufacture. Together these complementary approaches begin to delineate the social learning processes necessary to percussive technologies within the Pan – Homo clade.

Put Yourself in My Work Shoes

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Janning
Keyword(s):  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
Spousal Support ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Occupation Category ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

Level and type of spousal shared work has been oversimplified in past research. This research proposes that being similar to a spouse, in the case of paidwork, differs depending on whether spouses shareworkplace, occupation, or both. And this level and type of similarity can influence the level and qualitative characteristics of work-related spousal support as an indicator of marital satisfaction. The results of this study are based on 52 individual semistructured interviews with each member of 26 professional married couples for whom work is shared in terms of occupation, workplace, both, or neither. The level and characteristics of spousal support vary to some extent by occupation pattern. Most strikingly, people who share both occupation and workplace feel that they work closely with their spouses and that working together has been beneficial to their marriages. However, the components of working together qualitatively vary by occupation category.

scholarly journals Between Home and Work: Commuting as an Opportunity for Role Transitions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon M. Jachimowicz ◽  
Julia Lee Cunningham ◽  
Bradley R. Staats ◽  
Francesca Gino ◽  
Jochen I. Menges
Keyword(s):  
Family Conflict ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Work Role ◽  
Boundary Management ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Work Family Conflict ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Work Family

Across the globe, every workday people commute an average of 38 minutes each way, yet surprisingly little research has examined the implications of this daily routine for work-related outcomes. Integrating theories of boundary work, self-control, and work-family conflict, we propose that the commute to work serves as a liminal role transition between home and work roles, prompting employees to engage in boundary management strategies. Across three field studies (n = 1,736), including a four-week-long intervention study, we find that lengthy morning commutes are more aversive for employees with lower trait self-control and greater work-family conflict, leading to decreased job satisfaction and increased turnover. In addition, we find that employees who engage in a specific boundary management strategy we term role-clarifying prospection (i.e., thinking about the upcoming work role) are less likely to be negatively affected by lengthy commutes to work. Results further show that employees with higher levels of trait self-control are more likely to engage in role-clarifying prospection, and employees who experience higher levels of work-family conflict are more likely to benefit from role-clarifying prospection. Although the commute to work is typically seen as an undesirable part of the workday, our theory and results point to the benefits of using it as an opportunity to transition into one’s work role.

scholarly journals Transformative experience and social connectedness mediate the mood-enhancing effects of psychedelic use in naturalistic settings

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 2338-2346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Forstmann ◽  
Daniel A. Yudkin ◽  
Annayah M. B. Prosser ◽  
S. Megan Heller ◽  
Molly J. Crockett
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Transformative Experience ◽  
Positive Effects

Past research suggests that use of psychedelic substances such as LSD or psilocybin may have positive effects on mood and feelings of social connectedness. These psychological effects are thought to be highly sensitive to context, but robust and direct evidence for them in a naturalistic setting is scarce. In a series of field studies involving over 1,200 participants across six multiday mass gatherings in the United States and the United Kingdom, we investigated the effects of psychedelic substance use on transformative experience, social connectedness, and positive mood. This approach allowed us to test preregistered hypotheses with high ecological validity and statistical precision. Controlling for a host of demographic variables and the use of other psychoactive substances, we found that psychedelic substance use was significantly associated with positive mood—an effect sequentially mediated by self-reported transformative experience and increased social connectedness. These effects were particularly pronounced for those who had taken psychedelic substances within the last 24 h (compared to the last week). Overall, this research provides robust evidence for positive affective and social consequences of psychedelic substance use in naturalistic settings.

Augmented Reality in Education

Education ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Çelebi Uluyol
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Personal Digital Assistants ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
Educational Environments ◽  
K 12

In recent years, one of the most popular innovations that has accompanied the rapid changes in portable computers, Internet speed and personal digital assistants (PDAs) is augmented reality (AR). At the present, major investments concerning AR are being made, and it is predicted that there will be even further investment in the automotive, media/telecom, healthcare services, consumption and retail, industrial products, power tools, energy and mining, financial services, accommodation, and travel sectors within the next five years. AR is used in different sectors for various purposes such as service, manufacture, sales and marketing, design, operations, education, and quality and guidance. Researchers and educational technologists in particular have conducted different studies on the use of AR in educational environments. In studies implemented with participants who are receiving both K-12 and higher education, the integration of AR into the learning and teaching process has been investigated. The main object of interest is whether the use of AR as a new technology in educational environments will improve the current environments. Examining the literature concerning the use of AR in education, the majority of findings show that AR affects the learning process positively. In the findings, it is generally stressed that AR makes the learning process more interesting and efficient, provides the opportunity for interaction, increases the motivation toward and interest in the lesson, and affects attitudes toward learning positively. Even though the use of AR in educational environments has positive aspects, the study of AR is just beginning. Indeed, despite many advantages, it also has a number of disadvantages that need to be taken into consideration. Thus, there is an increasing number of experimental studies implemented in different disciplines and using different variables. In this study, an in-depth review was performed by addressing different aspects of the use of AR in educational environments.

Start-Up Delays of Queued Vehicles

2005 ◽  
Vol 1934 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
Gary Long
Keyword(s):  
Leading Edge ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Traffic Signals ◽  
Traffic Signal ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Delay Times ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Saturation Flow

Start-up delays of queued vehicles have been studied in past research for evaluation of their impacts on saturation flow rates at downstream traffic signals. A more crucial issue, however, can be the effect of start-up delays of queued vehicles at upstream locations where queued vehicles back up from a traffic signal across a railroad crossing. The relationship between queue start-up delays and track clearance times is important in establishing traffic signal preemption settings. This paper presents models that are developed for prediction of the expected maximum time required to mobilize a queue of any length. The models consider not only the average delay times but also the limiting delay times that are expected to accommodate high proportions of queues. For design convenience, queue lengths are converted into distance from the leading edge of a queue rather than being described only by the number of vehicles in a queue. Because the variations in start-up times, in addition to the average times reported in the literature, are needed, two sets of field studies were used to obtain data for model calibration and to investigate various traffic operation effects. Other factors that might be expected to influence queue start-up times are also analyzed.

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