Respecting Life or Respecting Women? Testing Ideologically Competing Explanations of Abortion Attitudes.
Abortion as a problem can be construed from different perspectives. Psychological research on abortion attitudes has focused on testing hypotheses consistent with liberal narratives, according to which opposing abortion is explained by religiosity and lack of support for gender egalitarian views. We propose to analyze the issue from an ideologically diverse perspective, introducing hypotheses consistent with the conservative narratives about abortion, according to which opposition to abortion is explained by respect for human life and moral concerns about sexuality. Using data from multiple samples, including nationally representative surveys over 20 years, we found that variables identified by both the liberal (e.g., religiosity and ambivalent sexism) and conservative (e.g., respect for life and sexual morality) narratives significantly predicted abortion attitudes. Overall, predictors associated with conservative narratives show the strongest association with abortion attitudes. We discuss the value of generating hypotheses from ideologically opposing views to increase our understanding of psychological phenomena.