scholarly journals The Perception of Food Products in Adolescents, Lay Adults, and Experts: A Psychometric Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Perkovic ◽  
Tobias Otterbring ◽  
Corina Schärli ◽  
Thorsten Pachur
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Healthy Foods ◽  
Cognitive Representations ◽  
Psychometric Paradigm ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
High Degree

With nearly 40% of global mortality attributable to dietary factors, citizens are encouraged to eat more healthily. But how do people conceptualize healthy foods—and how is this conceptualization embedded in their cognitive representations of food ecology? Adolescents, lay adults, and nutritional experts rated a large, heterogeneous set of food products on a diverse set of characteristics, and we applied the psychometric paradigm pioneered in risk-perception research to identify the dimensions structuring the cognitive representations of those foods. We then used the foods’ scores on these dimensions to predict respondents’ judgments of the healthiness of those foods. Animal-based nutrients (e.g., cholesterol, fat, protein) and naturalness levels (e.g., processing, artificial additives) were the two central dimensions structuring respondent representations of the foods. Relative to the other two groups, the adolescents’ representations were less differentiated. Perceived healthiness was determined by multiple factors, but its strongest predictor was a food’s naturalness. These structures emerged for all respondent groups, but there was a high degree of variability among the adolescents.

scholarly journals HOW DEEPLY DO WE INCLUDE ROBOTIC AGENTS IN THE SELF?

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 1350015 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNA STENZEL ◽  
ERIS CHINELLATO ◽  
ANGEL P. DEL POBIL ◽  
MARKUS LAPPE ◽  
ROMAN LIEPELT
Keyword(s):  
Simon Task ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cognitive Representations ◽  
Indirect Measure ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Report Data ◽  
High Degree

In human–human interactions, a consciously perceived high degree of self–other overlap is associated with a higher degree of integration of the other person's actions into one's own cognitive representations. Here, we report data suggesting that this pattern does not hold for human–robot interactions. Participants performed a social Simon task with a robot, and afterwards indicated the degree of self–other overlap using the Inclusion of the Other in the Self (IOS) scale. We found no overall correlation between the social Simon effect (as an indirect measure of self–other overlap) and the IOS score (as a direct measure of self–other overlap). For female participants we even observed a negative correlation. Our findings suggest that conscious and unconscious evaluations of a robot may come to different results, and hence point to the importance of carefully choosing a measure for quantifying the quality of human–robot interactions.

C-Terminal amino acid sequence of chicken pepsinogen and its homology with sequences of other acid proteases

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 1144-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Baudyš ◽  
Helena Keilová ◽  
Vladimír Kostka
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Terminal Sequence ◽  
Terminal Part ◽  
Terminal Amino Acid ◽  
Tryptic Peptides ◽  
Terminal Amino ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Terminal Amino Acid Sequence

To determine the primary structure of the C-terminal part of the molecule of chicken pepsinogen the tryptic, chymotryptic and thermolytic digest of the protein were investigated and peptides derived from this region were sought. These peptides permitted the following 21-residue C-terminal sequence to be determined: ...Ile-Arg-Glu-Tyr-Tyr-Val-Ile-Phe-Asp-Arg-Ala-Asn-Asn-Lys-Val-Gly-Leu-Ser-Pro-Leu-Ser.COOH. A comparison of this structure with the C-terminal sequential regions of the other acid proteases shows a high degree of homology between chicken pepsinogen and these proteases (e.g., the degree of homology with respect to hog pepsinogen and calf prochymosin is about 66%). Additional tryptic peptides, derived from the N-terminal part of the zymogen molecule whose amino acid sequence has been reported before, were also obtained in this study. This sequence was extended by two residues using an overlapping peptide. An ancillary result of this study was the isolation of tryptic peptides derived from other regions of the zymogen molecule.

scholarly journals Involvement of loop 5 lysine residues and the N-terminal β-hairpin of the ribotoxin hirsutellin A on its insecticidal activity

2016 ◽  
Vol 397 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Olombrada ◽  
Lucía García-Ortega ◽  
Javier Lacadena ◽  
Mercedes Oñaderra ◽  
José G. Gavilanes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Ribonucleolytic Activity ◽  
The Family ◽  
Lysine Residues ◽  
Hirsutella Thompsonii ◽  
Close Spatial Proximity ◽  
High Degree

Abstract Ribotoxins are cytotoxic members of the family of fungal extracellular ribonucleases best represented by RNase T1. They share a high degree of sequence identity and a common structural fold, including the geometric arrangement of their active sites. However, ribotoxins are larger, with a well-defined N-terminal β-hairpin, and display longer and positively charged unstructured loops. These structural differences account for their cytotoxic properties. Unexpectedly, the discovery of hirsutellin A (HtA), a ribotoxin produced by the invertebrate pathogen Hirsutella thompsonii, showed how it was possible to accommodate these features into a shorter amino acid sequence. Examination of HtA N-terminal β-hairpin reveals differences in terms of length, charge, and spatial distribution. Consequently, four different HtA mutants were prepared and characterized. One of them was the result of deleting this hairpin [Δ(8-15)] while the other three affected single Lys residues in its close spatial proximity (K115E, K118E, and K123E). The results obtained support the general conclusion that HtA active site would show a high degree of plasticity, being able to accommodate electrostatic and structural changes not suitable for the other previously known larger ribotoxins, as the variants described here only presented small differences in terms of ribonucleolytic activity and cytotoxicity against cultured insect cells.

Methylene. III. Gas phase reactions with 1-chloropropane

1969 ◽  
Vol 312 (1509) ◽  
pp. 141-161 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Hydrogen Abstraction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gas Phase Reactions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Chlorine Substituent ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Singlet Methylene

The work described in this and the following paper is a continuation of that in parts I and II, devoted to elucidation of the mechanism of the reactions of methylene with chloroalkanes, with particular reference to the reactivities of singlet and triplet methylene in abstraction and insertion processes. The products of the reaction between methylene, prepared by the photolysis of ketene, and 1-chloropropane have been identified and estimated and their dependence on reactant pressures, photolysing wavelength and presence of foreign gases (oxygen and carbon mon­oxide) has been investigated. Both insertion and abstraction mechanisms contribute significantly to the over-all reaction, insertion being relatively much more important than with chloroethane. This type of process appears to be confined to singlet methylene. If, as seems likely, there is no insertion into C—Cl bonds under our conditions (see part IV), insertion into C2—H and C3—H bonds occurs in statistical ratio, approximately. On the other hand, the chlorine substituent reduces the probability of insertion into C—H bonds in its vicinity. As in the chloroethane system, both species of methylene show a high degree of selectivity in their abstraction reactions. We find that k S Cl / k S H >7.7, k T Cl / k T H < 0.14, where the k ’s are rate constants for abstraction, and the super- and subscripts indicate the species of methylene and the type of atom abstracted, respectively. Triplet methylene is discriminating in hydrogen abstraction from 1-C 3 H 7 Cl, the overall rates for atoms attached to C1, C2, C3 being in the ratios 2.63:1:0.

The In Vitro Sensitivities of 70 Strains of Shigella

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 705-707
Author(s):  
WILLIAM D. DONALD
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
High Degree ◽  
As Toxicity ◽  
Selection Of

In vitro sensitivities of 70 shigella strains isolated over a recent 18-month period are reported. The high degree of sulfadiazine resistance casts some doubt on the selection of this agent as the drug of choice in the treatment of shigellosis, at least in this community. Some of the other agents, although inhibiting the growth of the organisms in vitro, have disadvantages such as toxicity or failure of absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. Tetracycline resistance was found in only 7% of the organisms tested, but from this and other reports we may anticipate the occurrence of more organisms resistant to this agent. The results of the sensitivities to ampicillin are encouraging and further studies including clinical trials of this agent are in order.

scholarly journals An Examination of Consumer Willingness to Pay for Local Products

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Adalja ◽  
James Hanson ◽  
Charles Towe ◽  
Elina Tselepidakis
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Conjoint Analysis ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Local Food ◽  
Food Products ◽  
The Other ◽  
Local Production

We use data from hypothetical and nonhypothetical choice-based conjoint analysis to estimate willingness to pay for local food products. The survey was administered to three groups: consumers from a buying club with experience with local and grass-fed production markets, a random sample of Maryland residents, and shoppers at a nonspecialty Maryland supermarket. We find that random-sample and supermarket shoppers are willing to pay a premium for local products but view local and grass-fed production as substitutes. Conversely, buying-club members are less willing to pay for local production than the other groups but do not conflate local and grass-fed production.

Photoreceptor coupling in turtle retina

1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L. FIRSOV ◽  
D.G. GREEN
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Gap Junctions ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Chelydra Serpentina ◽  
Intracellular Injection ◽  
Coupled Cells ◽  
High Degree

Photoreceptors in the isolated turtle retina of two species of turtle, Chelydra serpentina and Pseudemus scripta elegans, were penetrated with double-barrel electrodes. Physiological responses were recorded through one barrel and Neurobiotin tracer was injected from the other. Intracellular injection of Neurobiotin revealed patterns of tracer-coupled photoreceptors. Both the patterns of tracer coupling and the electrophysiology suggest a high degree of specificity of connections. Rods seem to be coupled only to rods and green and red cones seem to be coupled to cones of the same spectral type. Receptive-field profiles, measured with a thin, sharply focused slit of light, often had well-defined peaks and troughs in sensitivity. We have taken advantage of this observation and used the position of a peak in sensitivity to locate the position on the retina of a coupled cell. In one rod, it was possible to correlate physiological and morphological data and to show that the peaks in the physiological receptive field occurred at positions on the retina where there were dye-coupled cells. This provides direct evidence that gap junctions produce the physiological coupling between rods.

scholarly journals Żywiołowe rozprzestrzenianie się Poznania: profil morfologiczny i mikroekonomiczny

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-99
Author(s):  
Piotr Lityński
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
The Other ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
Housing Preferences ◽  
Household Budget ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Financial Losses ◽  
Morphological Assessment

The aim of the article is to assess Poznań’s urban sprawl from the perspective of the morphology of space and financial situation of suburban households. The morphological assessment uses a method based on two grids of squares with a side: 1 km, 500 m; and data on the location of buildings from CCGCD. On the other hand, the assessment of households was carried out on the basis of the CSO Household Budget database. The results of the research indicate that the analyzed communes in the Poznań area are characterized by a moderate degree of disorder in the spatial structure. There are no communes with a completely compact specificity, there are also no communes with an absolutely high degree of spatial disorder. Households causing urban sprawl in Poznań are entities that incur moderate financial losses in order to maximize their housing preferences.

scholarly journals The COSMO-Spain Survey: Three First Rounds of the WHO Behavioral Insights Tool

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Rodríguez-Blázquez ◽  
María Romay-Barja ◽  
María Falcón ◽  
Alba Ayala ◽  
Maria João Forjaz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Spanish Population ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Loved One ◽  
Preventive Practices ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
High Degree

Objective: To describe changes in knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices (KAP), risk perception, and psychological variables of Spanish population toward the COVID-19 pandemic from July to November 2020.Methods: Three samples, each of one composed by 1,000+ persons aged 18 years or older, were interviewed online in three rounds, every 2 months, from July to November 2020.Results: The level of knowledge on COVID-19 was high in the three rounds, with percentages above 95% of correct answers related to ways of contagion and correct use of face masks. The most accepted measure was the mandatory use of face masks (80–86% of agreement in the three rounds, p = 0.001), followed by the night curfew (63% of agreement). Most participants (&gt;80%) consistently reported using face masks, ventilating spaces, and washing or disinfecting hands. However, risk perception and self-efficacy were low. Worry about losing a loved one, the health system overload and people who do not wear face masks was high (&gt;85% of the samples). The percentage of respondents who felt depressed due to COVID-19 increased from round 1 to round 3 (p = 0.044).Conclusions: Spanish population has a high degree of KAP, but a relatively low risk perception and self-efficacy. These findings can help health authorities to guide containment measures and campaigns addressed to improve preventive practices.

scholarly journals Formación y cultura escrita: los libros del agrimensor Francisco Falcón (1764)

2020 ◽  
pp. 611
Author(s):  
Amparo García Cuadrado
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Interesting Part ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scientific Nature ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Private Collections ◽  
Bibliographic Collection

This article approaches the study of the private library of the Murcian land surveyor Francisco Falcón de los Reyes, from the first half of the eighteenth century, which constitutes a clear example of the relationship between education and written culture. From the data extracted from a postmortem inventory and the subsequent appraisal and partition of goods among the heirs, we carried out a quantitative and qualitative analysis of said library. First, the text provides a biographical profile of this geometer, a descendant of slaves (new Christians), and describes the formative precariousness of these professionals in their time. The quantitative analysis of the bibliographic collection and its comparison with other private collections from similar socioeconomic fields indicate the importance of this particular collection. The qualitative study of authors and titles shows, on one hand, the high degree of mathematical training of the subject, who is shown to be a recipient of the fundamentally Valencian pre-illustrated reformist scientific mainstream, and, on the other hand, the purpose with which those books were incorporated into the funds of the collection. Together with the library, which we could call professional, due to its scientific nature, the inventoried religious matter in the form of printed documents makes up another interesting part of the collection, one of a catechetical nature in its various formative levels

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document