Humble and Apologetic? Predicting Apology Quality with Intellectual and General Humility

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Michael Ludwig ◽  
Karina Schumann ◽  
Tenelle Porter
Keyword(s):  
High Quality ◽  
Intellectual Humility ◽  
Psychological Barriers ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Self Protection

Apologies are powerful predictors of reconciliation, but transgressors often fail to offer optimal, high-quality apologies that are comprehensive and non-defensive. We tested whether intellectual humility and general humility predict the use of high-quality apologies versus taking no action to resolve a conflict, and the processes that mediate these associations using online vignette experiments. In Study 1 (N = 397), transgressors with greater intellectual humility offered higher-quality apologies and were less likely to take no action following a relational offense. However, these associations did not remain significant when controlling for general humility. In Study 2 (N = 394), intellectual humility uniquely predicted greater apology comprehensiveness and less inaction following an intellect-based offense, demonstrating its context-specific associations with apology behavior. By contrast, general humility was a robust predictor of higher-quality apologies and less inaction across offense contexts. Consistent with recent theorizing on psychological barriers to apologizing, both studies also found support for the mediating roles of empathic effort and self-protection.

How Effective Are Cash Transfers in Reducing Poverty, Compared to Remittances?

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Hagen-Zanker ◽  
Carmen Leon Himmelstine
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Quality Research ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Context Specific

Using a rigorous, evidence-focused review method, this literature review found eleven relevant studies that directly compare the impacts of cash transfers and remittances on a range indicators of poverty at the household level. The evidence base is small and highly context specific. The external and internal validity of most studies are limited, so the conclusions that can be drawn from this review are tentative. However, in the majority of studies both cash transfers and remittances are shown to have positive impacts on reducing poverty. Overall, remittances seem to have stronger poverty-reducing impacts. There are a number of factors that seem to explain why remittances have a greater effect. In the studies reviewed here, remittances appear to reach both a greater share of the overall population than cash transfers and a greater share of poorer households. Furthermore, remittances were higher in value in the majority of studies reviewed. Further high-quality research is needed.

scholarly journals How faculty define quality, prestige, and impact of academic journals

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0257340
Author(s):  
Esteban Morales ◽  
Erin C. McKiernan ◽  
Meredith T. Niles ◽  
Lesley Schimanski ◽  
Juan Pablo Alperin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Academic Journals ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Promotion And Tenure ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
The U.S

Despite the calls for change, there is significant consensus that when it comes to evaluating publications, review, promotion, and tenure processes should aim to reward research that is of high "quality," is published in "prestigious" journals, and has an "impact." Nevertheless, such terms are highly subjective and present challenges to ascertain precisely what such research looks like. Accordingly, this article responds to the question: how do faculty from universities in the United States and Canada define the terms quality, prestige, and impact of academic journals? We address this question by surveying 338 faculty members from 55 different institutions in the U.S. and Canada. While relying on self-reported definitions that are not linked to their behavior, this study’s findings highlight that faculty often describe these distinct terms in overlapping ways. Additionally, results show that marked variance in definitions across faculty does not correspond to demographic characteristics. This study’s results highlight the subjectivity of common research terms and the importance of implementing evaluation regimes that do not rely on ill-defined concepts and may be context specific.

scholarly journals Dealing with Access to Spirometry in Africa: A Commentary on Challenges and Solutions

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Refiloe Masekela ◽  
Lindsay Zurba ◽  
Diane Gray
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Technical Support ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Pan African ◽  
Poor Access ◽  
System Leaders ◽  
International Role ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Research Initiatives

Spirometry is an important tool in the surveillance, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of respiratory disease, yet its accessibility is currently limited in Africa where the burden of respiratory diseases is amongst the highest globally. The reasons for limited access to spirometry in Africa include poor access to training and skilled technicians, limited availability of equipment, consumables, and technical support, and lack of human and financial resources. The Pan African Thoracic Society, working together with regional African thoracic societies and key research initiatives in Africa, have made progress in training and education, but a lot of work is still needed to meet the challenges faced. Accurately defining these challenges of access to high quality spirometry, development of local, standardised, and context-specific training and quality assurance tools; development of appropriate reference standards and innovative approaches to addressing the challenges of access to equipment, consumables and technical support are needed. Training and research collaborations that include regional thoracic societies, health system leaders, the Pan African Thoracic Society and international role players in the field are key to maximising available intellectual and financial resources. Hence ensuring that access to high quality spirometry measures that are used effectively in tackling the burden of respiratory disease in Africa.

Applying participatory action approach to integrating professional librarians into open source software communities

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 541-548
Author(s):  
Vandana Singh
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Software Development ◽  
Participatory Action Research ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Open Source Software Development ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Library Professionals

This article theoretically explores how participatory action research might support integration of library professionals into open source software development communities. The author makes a case for the integration of library professionals into open source software communities to help develop better, context-specific, customizable software for use by libraries and advocates for inclusion of library professionals in open source software communities to produce high quality, customizable software. The value of open source software for libraries is discussed and the importance of this integration is articulated by the impacts of this approach. A plan for integration of library professionals into open source software communities is presented.

scholarly journals Future of research in hypertension in developing countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-205
Author(s):  
M. Mohsen Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Health Profile ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Quality Research ◽  
Psychological Barriers

Major changes in the health profile of many developing countries are taking place. Life expectancy in these countries is increasing, and people are more exposed to diseases of old age like hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Scientific research in the developing world including this area-is lagging behind. However, high-quality research can still be carried out in spite of the limited resources. This paper identifies the different material and psychological barriers to scientific research. Epidemiological and clinical research represent high priorities in hypertension research in developing countries, and international cooperation is essential to improve the understanding of hypertension

Some problems of objective-prism spectra classification

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 51-52
Author(s):  
E. K. Kharadze ◽  
R. A. Bartaya
Keyword(s):  
Short Wave ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Stellar Spectra ◽  
Objective Prism

The unique 70-cm meniscus-type telescope of the Abastumani Astrophysical Observatory supplied with two objective prisms and the seeing conditions characteristic at Mount Kanobili (Abastumani) permit us to obtain stellar spectra of a high quality. No additional design to improve the “climate” immediately around the telescope itself is being applied. The dispersions and photographic magnitude limits are 160 and 660Å/mm, and 12–13, respectively. The short-wave end of spectra reaches 3500–3400Å.

A non-cyanide method of electropolishing silver

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-147
Author(s):  
R. L. Lyles ◽  
S. J. Rothman ◽  
W. Jäger
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Methyl Alcohol ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Silver Alloy ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Silver Alloys ◽  
Free Sample ◽  
Specimen Quality ◽  
Standard Techniques

Standard techniques of electropolishing silver and silver alloys for electron microscopy in most instances have relied on various CN recipes. These methods have been characteristically unsatisfactory due to difficulties in obtaining large electron transparent areas, reproducible results, adequate solution lifetimes, and contamination free sample surfaces. In addition, there are the inherent health hazards associated with the use of CN solutions. Various attempts to develop noncyanic methods of electropolishing specimens for electron microscopy have not been successful in that the specimen quality problems encountered with the CN solutions have also existed in the previously proposed non-cyanic methods.The technique we describe allows us to jet polish high quality silver and silver alloy microscope specimens with consistant reproducibility and without the use of CN salts.The solution is similar to that suggested by Myschoyaev et al. It consists, in order of mixing, 115ml glacial actic acid (CH3CO2H, specific wt 1.04 g/ml), 43ml sulphuric acid (H2SO4, specific wt. g/ml), 350 ml anhydrous methyl alcohol, and 77 g thiourea (NH2CSNH2).

A High Resolution Scanning Microscope

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 356-357
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe ◽  
J. Wall ◽  
L. M. Welter
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Focal Length ◽  
Spot Size ◽  
Emission Source ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Magnetic Lens ◽  
High Quality

A scanning microscope using a field emission source has been described elsewhere. This microscope has now been improved by replacing the single magnetic lens with a high quality lens of the type described by Ruska. This lens has a focal length of 1 mm and a spherical aberration coefficient of 0.5 mm. The final spot size, and therefore the microscope resolution, is limited by the aberration of this lens to about 6 Å.The lens has been constructed very carefully, maintaining a tolerance of + 1 μ on all critical surfaces. The gun is prealigned on the lens to form a compact unit. The only mechanical adjustments are those which control the specimen and the tip positions. The microscope can be used in two modes. With the lens off and the gun focused on the specimen, the resolution is 250 Å over an undistorted field of view of 2 mm. With the lens on,the resolution is 20 Å or better over a field of view of 40 microns. The magnification can be accurately varied by attenuating the raster current.

Quantitative defect studies in semiconductor TEM samples prepared by low angle ion milling

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 512-513
Author(s):  
L. Mulestagno ◽  
J.C. Holzer ◽  
P. Fraundorf
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Ion Milling ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Variable Angle ◽  
Major Disadvantage ◽  
Induced Defects

Due to the wealth of information, both analytical and structural that can be obtained from it TEM always has been a favorite tool for the analysis of process-induced defects in semiconductor wafers. The only major disadvantage has always been, that the volume under study in the TEM is relatively small, making it difficult to locate low density defects, and sample preparation is a somewhat lengthy procedure. This problem has been somewhat alleviated by the availability of efficient low angle milling.Using a PIPS® variable angle ion -mill, manufactured by Gatan, we have been consistently obtaining planar specimens with a high quality thin area in excess of 5 × 104 μm2 in about half an hour (milling time), which has made it possible to locate defects at lower densities, or, for defects of relatively high density, obtain information which is statistically more significant (table 1).

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