scholarly journals The lure of populism: A conjoint experiment examining the interplay between demand and supply side factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Serup Christensen ◽  
Inga Saikkonen
Keyword(s):  
Generational Differences ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Finnish Population ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Political Dissatisfaction ◽  
Conjoint Experiment ◽  
Supply Side Factors

Several studies have examined the success of populist leaders in recent decades. These studies focus on both supply side factors that concern the traits of populist actors and demand side factors in the form of characteristics of the supporters. However, we still lack a solid understanding of how these supply and demand side factors interact to explain the support of populist leaders. We contribute to this literature by examining the interplay of two central supply side factors, people-centeredness and nativism, and two demand side factors, political dissatisfaction and generational differences, in determining populist support. We test these explanations by leveraging a choice-based conjoint analysis embedded in a representative sample of the Finnish population (n=1030). The results show that while both people-centeredness and nativism enhance the favourability of prospective political leaders, it is only nativism that it more appealing to the politically dissatisfied. In contrast to recent studies, we find no evidence that populist leader traits would be more favoured by younger generations. These results indicate that the interplay between supply and demand may well be more intricate than what previous studies suggest.

scholarly journals Characteristics Analysis of the Heat-to-Power Ratio from the Supply and Demand Sides of Cities in Northern China

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunyong Yin ◽  
Jianjun Xia ◽  
Yi Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Power Ratio ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Heating Method ◽  
Urban Energy

Combined heat and power (CHP), an efficient heating method with cascades use of energy, accounts for approximately 50% of the heat sources in northern China. Many researchers have made significant efforts to improve its energy efficiency and environmental effects with important achievements. Given that the system produces heat and electricity at the same time, this study focuses on the role of CHP in the holistic urban energy system and points out the mismatch between the demand and supply sides of urban energy systems by using the heat-to-power ratio as a parameter. The calculation method and characteristics of the supply side heat-to-power ratio of eight heating methods and the maximum demand side heat-to-power ratio for 19 cities in northern China are displayed. After the analysis, it is concluded that (1) the maximum demand side heat-to-power ratio in the cities varies from 1.0 to 5.9, which is affected by the location and social, economic, and industrial structures. (2) In most of the cities, with the current energy structure, the demand side heat-to-power ratios are always larger than the supply side heat-to-power ratios. (3) The reduction in heating demand, surplus heat recovery, and the use of a highly efficient electric heating method, such as the heat pump, can help solve the mismatch of the heat-to-power ratio between the demand and supply sides. These conclusions can guide the urban energy planning and system construction.

The transition probabilities for inflation episodes in Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2028-2046
Author(s):  
Philip Kofi Adom ◽  
Mawunyo Prosper Agradi ◽  
Christopher Quaidoo
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Inflation ◽  
Annual Time Series ◽  
Supply Side Factors

Purpose Following the reforms in monetary policy and shift in fiscal policies, it is logical to presume that these reforms may cause a significant structural change in the dynamic processes of inflation and hence affect the nature of inflation persistence. The purpose of this paper is to examine the persistence nature of the different inflation episodes while controlling for the effects of demand- and supply-side factors, which are modeled as regime-dependent. Design/methodology/approach This paper used the Markov-switching dynamic regression and annual time series data. Findings The results showed that high inflation regime is more persistent than low inflation regime, with a respective average duration of an escape of 3.5 and 2.57 years, which suggests that price stability achievements are less sustainable. In both regimes, demand- and supply-side factors play significant roles in driving inflation, but the effect of the latter dominates. Thus, on the argument of whether inflation in Ghana is structural or monetary, the results support the former. The roles of both structural and monetary factors have changed over time, but that of the former has been more significant and important in Ghana. Originality/value This study provides the first empirical attempt, in the case of Ghana, that examines the persistence nature of different inflation regimes, while modeling the effects of supply and demand factors as regime dependent. In the modeling sense, the authors also contribute by ruling out the assumption that the researcher knows the processes responsible for each observation at each point in time.

What determines supply and demand for occupational pensions in Germany?

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATHRIN DUMMANN
Keyword(s):  
Pension System ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Occupational Pension ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Private Pensions ◽  
Occupational Pensions ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Supply Side Factors ◽  
Old Age Benefits

AbstractDemographic change causes an undersupply of financial old age benefits within the statutory pay-as-you-go pension system in Germany. Therefore, the provision of occupational as well as private pensions has to be enhanced. However, there seems to be an undersupply of occupational pension provision particularly in small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). Using survey data of the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) and the German SAVE survey, the present paper studies econometrically the determinants of occupational pension provision in Germany. It shows that occupational pensions depend not only on supply-side factors such as firm size and industry, but also on demand-side factors such as individual sociodemo-graphic attributes and people's savings motives.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing the Utilization of Community Cultural and Leisure Services for the Older Adults From The Perspective of Supply and Demand: Based on the Case of Shaanxi Province

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Niu ◽  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Zhao Yu ◽  
Sifeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Leisure Services ◽  
Supply Side Factors

Abstract Background Along with the increasing number of older adults in China, the demand for older adults services of China's aging population has been transformed and upgraded, and the demand for community cultural and leisure services of the older adults has become increasingly prominent. The research on the influencing factors of the utilization of community cultural and leisure services of the older adults can help improve the service effect and enhance the quality of life of the older adults. Based on Anderson's model, we constructed an analytical framework of the influencing factors of the utilization of community cultural and leisure services for the older adults from both the supply and demand sides, and then used Poisson regression method to empirically test the analytical framework based on the survey data of three cities in Shaanxi Province in 2019. Results The results found that supply-side factors significantly influenced the utilization of community cultural and leisure services by the older adults, mainly including service facility supply, service content supply, and service location accessibility; demand-side factors significantly influenced the utilization of community cultural and leisure services by the older adults, mainly including service acceptability, service satisfaction, and service need. The study also found that, unlike the results of previous studies, the use of community cultural and leisure services by older adults was not constrained by economic level. Conclusions Both supply-side factors and demand-side factors significantly affect the utilization of community spiritual culture services by the older adults. In strengthening and improving the supply of community cultural and leisure services, the previous "top-down" and "service-centered" approach should be changed to a "bottom-up" and "demand-centered" approach. In the past, the supply of community spiritual culture services should be changed from a "top-down" and "service-centered" approach to a "bottom-up" and "demand-centered" approach, and attention should be paid to the urban-rural differences in supply.

The contribution of supply and demand factors to the reproduction of hierarchies online: The case of crowdfunding of scientific research

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 868-882
Author(s):  
Roei Davidson ◽  
Yariv Tsfati
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Institutional Level ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
Online Platforms ◽  
To Come ◽  
Social Uses ◽  
Supply Side Factors

We conceptualize mechanisms that explain how social uses of media technologies, especially online platforms and crowds, reproduce, or modify inequalities, and explore these in the context of the crowdfunding of science. We distinguish between “supply side” factors related to the ability of actors given their institutional standing to use this funding approach, and “demand side” factors related to the crowd’s sensitivity to the institutional standing of those actors. We collected data on scientists requesting funding for their studies on Experiment.com , arguably the most popular scientific crowdfunding platform, and investigated the factors contributing to initiation and success. Supply side factors were important: crowdfunding appeals tended to come from scientists affiliated with larger, wealthier, and more active and prestigious institutions. However, demand side factors were not as important at the institutional level. Crowdfunding projects’ success was not predicted by the institution’s status, but rather by the number of appeals from an institution.

scholarly journals An Integration Mechanism between Demand and Supply Side Management of Electricity Markets

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zixu Liu ◽  
Xiaojun Zeng ◽  
Fanlin Meng
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Market ◽  
Dynamic Pricing ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Coordination Mechanism ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Market Clearing ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Market Clearing Price

One of the main challenges in the emerging smart grid is to jointly consider the demand and supply, which is also reflected in the wholesale market (supply side) and the retail market (demand side). When integrating the demand and supply side into one framework, the mechanism for determining the market clearing price has been changed. This is due to the demand variations in the demand side in response to the market clearing price and the change of generation costs in the supply side from the demand variation. In order to find the best balance between the supply and demand under the demand response management scheme, this paper proposes a new integrated supply and demand coordination mechanism for the electricity market and smart pricing methods for generator and retailers. Another important contribution of this paper is to develop an efficient algorithm to find the match equilibrium between the demand and supply sides in the new proposed mechanism. Experimental results demonstrate that the new mechanism can effectively handle unpredictable demand under dynamic retail pricing and support the ISO to dispatch the generation economically. It can also help in achieving the goals of dynamic pricing such as maximizing the profits for retailers.

scholarly journals LIMITATIONS ON THE ACTIVITY OF BUSINESS ANGELS IN FINANCING STARTUPS

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Edyta Cegielska
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Business Angels ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Tax Laws ◽  
External Capital ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

The article aims to identify limitations on the activity of business angels (also known as “angel investors”) in financing startups. Business angels are the main source of external capital for startups, aside from family and friends. However, the degree to which they are active in the economy, in Poland and in other countries, is bound by certain restrictions, a number of which are related to supply and demand. The article seeks to deepen the theoretical considerations of these limitations from the perspective of demand and supply constraints. The study demonstrates that on the demand side, the greatest limitations that hinder business angels from financing startups are overly-complicated tax laws and a lack of tax incentives for investment activities. On the supply side, it is the failure to meet investment criteria imposed by business angels. Based on the conducted research, it can be concluded that without the interference of public institutions it will be difficult to effectively reduce the limitations on the activity of business angels.

scholarly journals Growth & Determinants of Fertilizer Consumption in India: Application of Demand and Supply Side Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilas Jadhav
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Time Rate ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Domestic Production ◽  
Fertilizer Demand ◽  
Supply Side Factors ◽  
Rate Of Consumption

This paper estimated the growth of fertilizer consumption in India and forecasted it upto the year 2030 and both supply side and demand side factors which influences it. The results indicated that consumption of fertilizers had been increased at the rate of 4.16 per cent. The demand side determinants like area under irrigation reflected at the rate of 1.42 per cent growth, average minimum support prices showed a growth rate of 7 per cent and a short term institutional credit registered a growth rate of 17 per cent. Area under irrigation and sum of average MSP encourages the fertilizer consumption substantially. The supply side factors viz., production, import and subsidy were influencing the fertilizer consumption significantly. The total fertilizer demand is expected to reach at 57 million tons by 2030 and at the same time, rate of consumption might enhanced to 277 kg per hectare. It is concluded that import is unavoidable to meet the gap between domestic production and total demand.

scholarly journals What Explains the Regional Variation in the Use of General Practitioners in Australia?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunzhou Mu ◽  
Jane Hall
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Population Health ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Regional Variation ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Gp Visits ◽  
Supply Side Factors

Abstract Background: Regional variation in the use of health care services is widespread. Identifying and understanding the sources of variation and how much variation is unexplained can inform policy interventions to improve the efficiency and equity of health care delivery. Methods: We examined the regional variation in the use of general practitioners (GPs) using data from the Social Health Atlas of Australia by Statistical Local Area (SLAs). 756 SLAs were included in the analysis. The outcome variable of GP visits per capita by SLAs was regressed on a series of demand-side factors measuring population health status and demographic characteristics and supply-side factors measuring access to physicians. Each group of variables was entered into the model sequentially to assess their explanatory share on regional differences in GP usage. Results: Both demand-side and supply-side factors were found to influence the frequency of GP visits. Specifically, areas in urban regions, areas with a higher percentage of the population who are obese, who have profound or severe disability, and who hold concession cards, and areas with a smaller percentage of the population who reported difficulty in accessing services have higher GP usage. The availability of more GPs led to higher use of GP services while the supply of more specialists reduced use. 30.56% of the variation was explained by medical need. Together, both need-related and supply-side variables accounted for 32.24% of the regional differences as measured by the standard deviation of adjusted GP-consultation rate. Conclusions: There was substantial variation in GP use across Australian regions with only a small proportion of them being explained by population health needs, indicating a high level of unexplained clinical variation. Supply factors did not add a lot to the explanatory power. There was a lot of variation that was not attributable to the factors we could observe. This could be due to more subtle aspects of population need or preferences and therefore warranted. However, it could be due to practice patterns or other aspects of supply and be unexplained. Future work should try to explain the remaining unexplained variation.

scholarly journals EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS ON THE DETERMINANTS OF URBAN PARKS

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenichi SHIMAMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Urban Parks ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Financial Strength ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Park Area ◽  
Supply Side Factors

Urban parks play an important role in enhancing the lifestyle of the community by providing functions which support the environment, safety, health and ell-being. This paper will examine what the determining factors are for the development of urban parks, taking into consideration the supply side and demand side factors and past conditions of urban parks. Japan prefecture level data between 2001 to 2014 will be applied to a panel data analysis. The results find that for the supply side factors, the share of gross production by the construction industry and the financial strength of the local government; and on the demand side factors, preference towards the environment, health and well-being, have impact on the urban park area per capita at a statistically significant level.

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