scholarly journals Characteristics Analysis of the Heat-to-Power Ratio from the Supply and Demand Sides of Cities in Northern China

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunyong Yin ◽  
Jianjun Xia ◽  
Yi Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Power Ratio ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Heating Method ◽  
Urban Energy

Combined heat and power (CHP), an efficient heating method with cascades use of energy, accounts for approximately 50% of the heat sources in northern China. Many researchers have made significant efforts to improve its energy efficiency and environmental effects with important achievements. Given that the system produces heat and electricity at the same time, this study focuses on the role of CHP in the holistic urban energy system and points out the mismatch between the demand and supply sides of urban energy systems by using the heat-to-power ratio as a parameter. The calculation method and characteristics of the supply side heat-to-power ratio of eight heating methods and the maximum demand side heat-to-power ratio for 19 cities in northern China are displayed. After the analysis, it is concluded that (1) the maximum demand side heat-to-power ratio in the cities varies from 1.0 to 5.9, which is affected by the location and social, economic, and industrial structures. (2) In most of the cities, with the current energy structure, the demand side heat-to-power ratios are always larger than the supply side heat-to-power ratios. (3) The reduction in heating demand, surplus heat recovery, and the use of a highly efficient electric heating method, such as the heat pump, can help solve the mismatch of the heat-to-power ratio between the demand and supply sides. These conclusions can guide the urban energy planning and system construction.

scholarly journals An Integration Mechanism between Demand and Supply Side Management of Electricity Markets

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zixu Liu ◽  
Xiaojun Zeng ◽  
Fanlin Meng
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Market ◽  
Dynamic Pricing ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Coordination Mechanism ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Market Clearing ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Market Clearing Price

One of the main challenges in the emerging smart grid is to jointly consider the demand and supply, which is also reflected in the wholesale market (supply side) and the retail market (demand side). When integrating the demand and supply side into one framework, the mechanism for determining the market clearing price has been changed. This is due to the demand variations in the demand side in response to the market clearing price and the change of generation costs in the supply side from the demand variation. In order to find the best balance between the supply and demand under the demand response management scheme, this paper proposes a new integrated supply and demand coordination mechanism for the electricity market and smart pricing methods for generator and retailers. Another important contribution of this paper is to develop an efficient algorithm to find the match equilibrium between the demand and supply sides in the new proposed mechanism. Experimental results demonstrate that the new mechanism can effectively handle unpredictable demand under dynamic retail pricing and support the ISO to dispatch the generation economically. It can also help in achieving the goals of dynamic pricing such as maximizing the profits for retailers.

scholarly journals LIMITATIONS ON THE ACTIVITY OF BUSINESS ANGELS IN FINANCING STARTUPS

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Edyta Cegielska
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Business Angels ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Tax Laws ◽  
External Capital ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

The article aims to identify limitations on the activity of business angels (also known as “angel investors”) in financing startups. Business angels are the main source of external capital for startups, aside from family and friends. However, the degree to which they are active in the economy, in Poland and in other countries, is bound by certain restrictions, a number of which are related to supply and demand. The article seeks to deepen the theoretical considerations of these limitations from the perspective of demand and supply constraints. The study demonstrates that on the demand side, the greatest limitations that hinder business angels from financing startups are overly-complicated tax laws and a lack of tax incentives for investment activities. On the supply side, it is the failure to meet investment criteria imposed by business angels. Based on the conducted research, it can be concluded that without the interference of public institutions it will be difficult to effectively reduce the limitations on the activity of business angels.

scholarly journals The lure of populism: A conjoint experiment examining the interplay between demand and supply side factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Serup Christensen ◽  
Inga Saikkonen
Keyword(s):  
Generational Differences ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Finnish Population ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Political Dissatisfaction ◽  
Conjoint Experiment ◽  
Supply Side Factors

Several studies have examined the success of populist leaders in recent decades. These studies focus on both supply side factors that concern the traits of populist actors and demand side factors in the form of characteristics of the supporters. However, we still lack a solid understanding of how these supply and demand side factors interact to explain the support of populist leaders. We contribute to this literature by examining the interplay of two central supply side factors, people-centeredness and nativism, and two demand side factors, political dissatisfaction and generational differences, in determining populist support. We test these explanations by leveraging a choice-based conjoint analysis embedded in a representative sample of the Finnish population (n=1030). The results show that while both people-centeredness and nativism enhance the favourability of prospective political leaders, it is only nativism that it more appealing to the politically dissatisfied. In contrast to recent studies, we find no evidence that populist leader traits would be more favoured by younger generations. These results indicate that the interplay between supply and demand may well be more intricate than what previous studies suggest.

Problems and Holistic Solutions for Agricultural Businesses in Chiang Mai

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Keyword(s):  
Language Skills ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Chiang Mai ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Industry Group ◽  
The Government ◽  
Integration Problems ◽  
Production Problems

This research aims to study the problems and find solutions of major agro-industries in Chiang Mai, Thailand. The sample was divided into two parts: The supply side was the government agency, educational institutions and civil society. Demand side was Agro-Industry entrepreneurs. The methodology was focus on meeting the stakeholder debate, and group workshop, the first step of the research was selected the potential agro-industry group to study then in the operating phase, the survey was conducted to analyze and synthesize the problems of agro-industry and find solutions by group meetings in order to present a holistic problem-solving model. This process will provide opportunity for stakeholders and related agencies to collaborate and propose appropriate guidelines for action. The results show that, within demand side, the three most important issues are labor issues, marketing and production problems respectively. While the supply side, the top three issues are the integration problems, lacking of language skills / expertise, and lacking of database. Based on the analysis of both demand and supply side, there is a lack of concrete cooperation from relevant agencies, especially in policy cooperation. Therefore, a policy that responds to the problems of agro-industry is essential for all agencies to focus on and implement concrete measures to address sustainable issues.

scholarly journals Supply-Side and Demand-Side Cost Sharing in Health Care

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall P Ellis ◽  
Thomas G McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cost Sharing ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Health Care Demand ◽  
Financial Risk Protection ◽  
Long Run

In health markets, the price paid by insured consumers when health care services are demanded can be set separately from the price paid to providers when services are supplied. This fact suggests two alternate strategies for controlling the costs of health care: demand-side cost sharing, where patients must pay more in co-payments or deductibles, and supply-side cost sharing, which seeks to alter the incentives of health care workers to provide certain services. We review the rationale, limits, and comparative advantage of demand- and supply-side cost sharing in health care while primarily focusing on the short-run pursuit of consumer financial risk protection and efficiency. We then turn briefly to the long-run issue of technology adoption, as well as the how supply- and demand-side cost sharing may affect the fairness of the health system.

scholarly journals Development of Supply and Demand Functions of Pakistan’s Wheat Crop

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zulfiqar ◽  
Anwar F. Chishti
Keyword(s):  
Side Population ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
National Level ◽  
Simultaneous Equations ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Domestic Consumption ◽  
Demand Functions

A simultaneous-equations model was used to capture the supply and demand functions for Pakistan’s wheat sector at the national level. This model reflects the fact that Pakistan’s domestic wheat supply is priceresponsive and positively affected by the use of nutrient fertilizers. While price appears to be a statistically significant factor on the supply side, it is statistically insignificant on the demand side. Population size appears to be very significant in determining wheat demand. The wheat import supply seems to be influenced by the current world wheat price, current world wheat supplies, Pakistan’s domestic consumption in previous years, and domestic supply in previous years. We recommend that policymakers allow market forces to play a role in the wheat economy in a way that protects producers from adverse market conditions. The availability of various nutrient fertilizers should be central to policies on future inputs use. Work is also needed on wheat alternatives so that the country’s dependence on wheat is eased as much as possible.

scholarly journals A measure of competitive access to destinations for comparing across multiple study regions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Allen ◽  
Steven Farber
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Transportation Networks ◽  
Spatial Interaction ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Interaction Modeling

Accessibility is now a common way to measure the benefits provided by transportation–land use systems. Despite its widespread use, few measurement options allow for the comparison of accessibility across multiple urban systems, and most do not adequately control for market competition between demand‐side actors and supply‐side facilities in localized markets. In this article, we develop a measure of competitive access to destinations that can be used to accurately compare accessibility between regions. This measure stems from spatial interaction modeling and accounts for competition at both the supply and demand sides of analysis, regional differences in transportation networks and travel behavior, and any imbalance between the size of the population and the number of opportunities. We use this method to compute access to employment for Canada's eight largest cities to comparatively examine inequalities in accessibility, both within and between cities, and by travel mode.

scholarly journals Sustainability of the usable solid waste market in Bogota (Colombia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
María del Pilar Sánchez Muñoz ◽  
Johan Manuel Redondo ◽  
José Gabriel Cruz Cerón ◽  
Danny Ibarra-Vega ◽  
Abel Del Rio Cortina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Free Market ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Complex Behavior ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
District Policy

Abstract This document shows a model that seeks the sustainability of the Usable Solid Waste (USW) market in Bogotá, based on System Dynamics (SD), in order to understand the complex behavior of the phenomena that should be presented in this city market in the context of sustainability. Dynamic hypothesis suggests that two negative feedback structures exits, one that represents demand and another that represents supply and that interact under the assumption of free market with government intervention. Different strategies were modeled on both the demand side and the supply side to manage the system. As conclusion, the linear way in which the USW market currently develops is not adequate. It is necessary to institutionalize the market using the price so that it contributes to its sustainability and that both demand and supply are encouraged at the same time. Besides, district policy oriented to supply must be in accordance with the national policy that encourages demand to use more USW. Likewise, the internalization by all the actors of the market and applicability of the norm is required. The creation of public-private partnerships is required for the development of innovative projects in this area.

scholarly journals The silver tourism economy in rural areas under conditions of sustainable development

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-133
Author(s):  
Jan Sikora ◽  
Agnieszka Anna Wartecka-Ważyńska
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Tourism Economy

The aim of the article is to present the concept of the silver tourism economy and to identify its supply and demand in rural areas in Poland in relation to sustainable development. The problems of interest were analysed in the context of values held by and ethical norms observed in rural communities. It was found that ethical aspects of sustainable development were embraced by older members of rural communities, and, consequently, were closely connected with the supply and demand sides of the silver tourism economy. The study revealed that the supply side of the silver tourism economy in rural areas was more developed than the demand side. The authors emphasize the need for natural, cultural, social and economic resources (associated with the supply side) to support the demand side of the rural tourism market. They also indicate that ethical values and norms of sustainable development are important for the silver tourism economy. The article is based a review of the literature, analysis of secondary sources and official documents and participant observation undertaken by of the authors.

Barriers to Youth Employment

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Walmsley
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Youth Employment ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Hospitality Sector ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality

This chapter explores barriers to youth employment in the tourism and hospitality sector. It addresses this issue from both supply and demand perspectives. The supply side discusses perceptions of tourism employment while the demand side takes the perspective of business, trying to better understand the nature of demand for tourism employees, skills gaps and shortages, and attitudes towards employing young people specifically. The chapter concludes by describing a range of initiatives that target the barriers to youth employment in tourism.

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