Exercise Referral Instructors’ Perspectives on Supporting and Motivating Participants to Uptake, Attend and Adhere to Exercise Prescription: A Qualitative Study

Exercise referral schemes are designed to support people with non-communicable diseases to increase their levels of exercise to improve health. However, uptake and attendance are low. This exploratory qualitative study aims to understand uptake and attendance from the perspectives of exercise referral instructors using semi-structured interviews. Six exercise referral instructors from one exercise referral scheme across four exercise referral sites were interviewed. Four themes emerged: (i) the role that instructors perceive they have and approaches instructors take to motivate participants to take-up, attend exercise referral and adhere to their exercise prescription; (ii) instructors’ use of different techniques, which could help elicit behaviour change; (iii) instructors’ perceptions of participants’ views of exercise referral schemes; and (iv) barriers towards providing an exercise referral scheme. Exercise referral instructors play an important, multifaceted role in the uptake, attendance and adherence to exercise referral. On-going education and peer support for instructors may be useful. Instructors’ perspectives help us to further understand how health and leisure services can design successful exercise referral schemes.

Transformation of former socialist industrial landscapes in Budapest

Budapest, the capital of Hungary, used to host numerous and diverse types of industrial activities. Their imprints on the urban fabric became especially significant during the socialist period due to the top-down decision of transferring the profile of the country from agricultural to industrial. They were realized in factories, management buildings, at huge areas supporting transport of goods on water or by trains. Moreover, districts were dedicated to the industrial workers and incorporated education, health and leisure services as well. Since the political change in 1989, most of these factories and organizations shrank then completely stopped to operate, but their premises have experienced a more varied after-life. The text introduces examples for almost entire physical elimination, complete functional change and even continuous musealizations of former industrial sites in Budapest. The investigation is based on the analysis of diverse written documents (such as policies, scientific evaluations and media coverage) as well as on-site research. Through the case study analyses from Budapest, Hungary that focus on the period between 1989 and 2016, the paper identifies general approaches of urbanization in the post-socialist time regarding to former industrial sites and the major challenges that threaten the valuation of these tangible and intangible reminiscences of the past.

MANAGEMENT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOURIST INDUSTRY IN THE CONDITION OF A PANDEMIC

The tourism industry occupies an important place in the development of many countries around the world. Revenues from the provision of tourist services support about 50 related economic activities, which employ about 5% of the working population. Despite the gradual recovery of the economy caused by hostilities in eastern Ukraine during 2015—2020, its sharp decline in 2020, following the declaration of a global pandemic, was perhaps the largest in the last 20 years. The tourism industry has undergone significant transformations. If in 2019 the export of tourism amounted to 29.3 million people, a year later it was 2.5 times less. A similar deterioration is observed in tourism imports, where the decline in 2019/2020 ranged from 13.7 million to 3.4 million, respectively. The decline in tourist flows to Ukraine and abroad has caused negative chain changes in the functioning of Ukraine’s largest transport carriers. Thus, the fall in passenger air traffic in 2020 by 64.2% led to an increase in losses by UAH 0.4 billion in the national airline Ukraerorukh, the fall in passenger traffic by rail by 64.2% increased the loss by UAH 14.9 billion in PJSC Ukrzaliznytsia. And if air travel is more focused on the export of tourist flow, then rail transport is focused on the domestic market. Thus, the program of development of air communication within national borders needs detailed revision. At the same time, the closure of the Ukrainian border and the limited ability to travel have attracted the Ukrainian tourism market. During 2020, there was an increase in the cost of leisure services by an average of 25—30%, with the same quality of services provided. Due to the underdevelopment of premium-class recreation, approaches to investing in the expansion of this segment need to be reconsidered. The lack of sufficient investments of the state and business in the development of roads, reduces access to many quality places of nature, architectural monuments and so on. Thus, making appropriate adjustments to the development programs of the tourism industry at the national, regional and local levels becomes a priority in bringing the quality of tourism services to a new level and will provide an opportunity to increase revenues from the provision of tourism services. Keywords: tourism industry, tourism export, tourism import, tourist services, pandemic, quarantine measures. JEL Classification Z32 Formulas: 0; fig.: 3; tabl.: 1; bibl.: 22.

Theoretical principles of health-improving and recreational activities in the structure of leisure for the elderly

The life expectancy of the population in all countries of the world has been steadily increasing over the last century and there are many social problems associated with the adaptation of a person of the elderly age in society. The tendency of increasing the number of elderly people in the population structure of many countries requires awareness of old age as a new fairly long season of life. Therefore, it is very important to focus leisure time on the formation of active ageing, which will affect the quality of life and involvement of a person of the elderly age in social, professional life. The goal of our research was to theoretically substantiate the principles of health-improving and recreational motor activity in the structure of leisure for the elderly. To achieve this goal, research methods were used: analysis of scientific literature and normative legal documents, comparison and analogy. Research findings. The paper reveals the main factors influencing the organization of leisure services for the elderly; the most common gaps of the modern network of health-improving and recreational services for the elderly are identified; strategically important directions for the organization of health-improving and recreational activities for the elderly are singled out; the main components in the successful organization of health-improving and recreational activities for the elderly within leisure are identified; the principles and factors of health-improving and recreational activities with the elderly are revealed. Conclusions. Therefore, for the successful organization of health-improving and recreational activities of the elderly within the leisure one should take into consideration the main factors, areas and principles of health-improving and recreational activities. The main components of a good organization are: health and fitness activities, the creation of "hobby groups" and meeting the needs of human communication, which are based on the essence of health-improving and recreational activities for this age group.

The Development of the Programme of Health-Recreating Activities for Children of Primary School Age with Emotional and Behavioural Disorders, Using Rock Climbing

The aim of this article was to theoretically justify and develop the programme of health-recreating activities for children with emotional and behavioural disorders, using rock climbing. For the research such methods were used – theoretical analysis of vocational educational and methodical literature and documentary materials, generalization, systematization, abstraction, synthesis, analogy, induction, deduction, logical method, comparative method, structural-functional analysis, physiological, pedagogical methods of research. The development of this programme was based on such principals of health-recreating activities: systematicity; accessibility; voluntarism; compliance of leisure services to local conditions; the principle of interest. Proposed programme allows to compensate the lack of physical activity, contributes to the development of healthy and harmonious person, organisation of healthy and active leisure, teaching positive moral and behavioural qualities, health promotion, engaging children into healthy lifestyle. For the programme development was used such an algorithm: questionnaire of parents about motives and interests of children about the kinds of physical activities, initial evaluation of physical and emotional state, programme development and its implementation, operational control during the activities, the programme correction, if necessary, progressing the programme. The programme of activities included elements of rock climbing, quests and games. The programme was developed taking according to the level of physical readiness and functional disabilities of each child. The activities at the rock climbing wall proceeded by small group method: 3 to 5 people in the group. In each group, the activities were held 3 times a week, during 60 minutes.

Exploring the Influence Mechanism of Attractiveness on Wuhan’s Urban Commercial Centers by Modifying the Classic Retail Model

The attractiveness of commercial centers is one of the core issues in urban and rural planning research. To deepen the theoretical understanding of attractiveness and optimize modeling, we empirically analyzed the factors and mechanisms influencing the attractiveness of Wuhan’s commercial centers by improving the classic retail model and testing the age differentiation of mechanisms. The results indicate the following: (1) there is an obvious attractiveness gap in the commercial centers examined, and six have not met their planning expectations; (2) intensive and abundant shopping services, domestic services, sports and leisure services, and medical care services all promote attractiveness, but their impact on customers of different ages varies greatly. For young consumers, shopping services have the greatest effect on attractiveness, whereas for middle-aged and elderly consumers, sports and leisure services have the greatest effect; (3) the accumulation of length of development increases the likelihood of young people’s patronage, but the effect is weak; (4) traffic resistance shows a stable inhibitory effect, and middle-aged and elderly people are more sensitive to travel time than youth; (5) improving the retail model is effective, and the model is more powerful in explaining young consumers. This research also puts forward policy recommendations for the commercial centers’ industry configuration, new and old combinations, and traffic accessibility, and then proposes planning countermeasures for Wuhan’s city- and-county-level commercial center layout, local commercial land morphology organization, and the construction optimization of commercial centers that have not met expectations.

IMPACT OF CURRENT TOURISM TRENDS ON THE FORMATION OF LEISURE CULTURE: UKRAINIAN CONTEXT

The purpose of the article is to analyse the impact of current tourism trends on the formation of leisure culture. The research methodology consists of the analysis of the primary statistical and scientific sources on the impact of tourism trends on the shape of leisure culture, interdisciplinary synthesis of the main forms of actualisation of tourism trends on the localisation of tourist flows, methods of deduction and induction, as well as content analysis. Scientific novelty. The article identifies current tourism trends of our time, which will significantly shape leisure overculture. The author grounds and introduces into scientific use of the theory of cultural studies and tourism studies the concepts of “tourism trend” and “leisure culture”. Conclusions. Based on the analysis of statistical materials of the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), data from United Nations experts, the history of tourism development vectors in the context of a pandemic is summarised. The article describes and analyses current tourism trends that will impact the formation of leisure culture in the years to come. In particular, the development of domestic tourism under the condition of improving its service; the use of social networks for marketing and marketing of a tourism product; the development of internet technology, 24-7 blogging support; the development of virtual tourism, which is provided by virtual (VR) and augmented (AR) reality; 24-7 customer support chatbots (chatbots); robot staff in the system of essential tourism services (transport, accommodation and leisure services). Thus, if there is an improvement of domestic service, the current tourism trends will create an environment where we can expect Ukrainian tourism to be a significant segment of leisure culture.

Factors Influencing the Utilization of Community Cultural and Leisure Services for the Older Adults From The Perspective of Supply and Demand: Based on the Case of Shaanxi Province

Background Along with the increasing number of older adults in China, the demand for older adults services of China's aging population has been transformed and upgraded, and the demand for community cultural and leisure services of the older adults has become increasingly prominent. The research on the influencing factors of the utilization of community cultural and leisure services of the older adults can help improve the service effect and enhance the quality of life of the older adults. Based on Anderson's model, we constructed an analytical framework of the influencing factors of the utilization of community cultural and leisure services for the older adults from both the supply and demand sides, and then used Poisson regression method to empirically test the analytical framework based on the survey data of three cities in Shaanxi Province in 2019. Results The results found that supply-side factors significantly influenced the utilization of community cultural and leisure services by the older adults, mainly including service facility supply, service content supply, and service location accessibility; demand-side factors significantly influenced the utilization of community cultural and leisure services by the older adults, mainly including service acceptability, service satisfaction, and service need. The study also found that, unlike the results of previous studies, the use of community cultural and leisure services by older adults was not constrained by economic level. Conclusions Both supply-side factors and demand-side factors significantly affect the utilization of community spiritual culture services by the older adults. In strengthening and improving the supply of community cultural and leisure services, the previous "top-down" and "service-centered" approach should be changed to a "bottom-up" and "demand-centered" approach. In the past, the supply of community spiritual culture services should be changed from a "top-down" and "service-centered" approach to a "bottom-up" and "demand-centered" approach, and attention should be paid to the urban-rural differences in supply.

Regulating Resort Revelry: Alcohol, Music, and the Entertainment Market in Miami Beach, 1935–1955

Miami Beach was the nation’s premier winter resort between the 1930s and the 1950s. The city attracted a diverse crowd of visitors, some interested in a peaceful respite from the frigid north, others drawn by the drinking, dancing, and musical entertainment offered by its many bars and nightclubs. As part of an elaborate effort to sustain the city’s lively symbiotic urban leisure-services economy, the Miami Beach City Council addressed three types of market failures: chaotic competition, interproducer conflicts, and monopolistic business practices. This article demonstrates how these practices expressed a coherent vernacular philosophy of regulated capitalism arising from the city’s identity as a collective economic enterprise.