scholarly journals Growth & Determinants of Fertilizer Consumption in India: Application of Demand and Supply Side Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilas Jadhav
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Time Rate ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Domestic Production ◽  
Fertilizer Demand ◽  
Supply Side Factors ◽  
Rate Of Consumption

This paper estimated the growth of fertilizer consumption in India and forecasted it upto the year 2030 and both supply side and demand side factors which influences it. The results indicated that consumption of fertilizers had been increased at the rate of 4.16 per cent. The demand side determinants like area under irrigation reflected at the rate of 1.42 per cent growth, average minimum support prices showed a growth rate of 7 per cent and a short term institutional credit registered a growth rate of 17 per cent. Area under irrigation and sum of average MSP encourages the fertilizer consumption substantially. The supply side factors viz., production, import and subsidy were influencing the fertilizer consumption significantly. The total fertilizer demand is expected to reach at 57 million tons by 2030 and at the same time, rate of consumption might enhanced to 277 kg per hectare. It is concluded that import is unavoidable to meet the gap between domestic production and total demand.

scholarly journals The lure of populism: A conjoint experiment examining the interplay between demand and supply side factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Serup Christensen ◽  
Inga Saikkonen
Keyword(s):  
Generational Differences ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Finnish Population ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Political Dissatisfaction ◽  
Conjoint Experiment ◽  
Supply Side Factors

Several studies have examined the success of populist leaders in recent decades. These studies focus on both supply side factors that concern the traits of populist actors and demand side factors in the form of characteristics of the supporters. However, we still lack a solid understanding of how these supply and demand side factors interact to explain the support of populist leaders. We contribute to this literature by examining the interplay of two central supply side factors, people-centeredness and nativism, and two demand side factors, political dissatisfaction and generational differences, in determining populist support. We test these explanations by leveraging a choice-based conjoint analysis embedded in a representative sample of the Finnish population (n=1030). The results show that while both people-centeredness and nativism enhance the favourability of prospective political leaders, it is only nativism that it more appealing to the politically dissatisfied. In contrast to recent studies, we find no evidence that populist leader traits would be more favoured by younger generations. These results indicate that the interplay between supply and demand may well be more intricate than what previous studies suggest.

scholarly journals What Explains the Regional Variation in the Use of General Practitioners in Australia?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunzhou Mu ◽  
Jane Hall
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Population Health ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Regional Variation ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Gp Visits ◽  
Supply Side Factors

Abstract Background: Regional variation in the use of health care services is widespread. Identifying and understanding the sources of variation and how much variation is unexplained can inform policy interventions to improve the efficiency and equity of health care delivery. Methods: We examined the regional variation in the use of general practitioners (GPs) using data from the Social Health Atlas of Australia by Statistical Local Area (SLAs). 756 SLAs were included in the analysis. The outcome variable of GP visits per capita by SLAs was regressed on a series of demand-side factors measuring population health status and demographic characteristics and supply-side factors measuring access to physicians. Each group of variables was entered into the model sequentially to assess their explanatory share on regional differences in GP usage. Results: Both demand-side and supply-side factors were found to influence the frequency of GP visits. Specifically, areas in urban regions, areas with a higher percentage of the population who are obese, who have profound or severe disability, and who hold concession cards, and areas with a smaller percentage of the population who reported difficulty in accessing services have higher GP usage. The availability of more GPs led to higher use of GP services while the supply of more specialists reduced use. 30.56% of the variation was explained by medical need. Together, both need-related and supply-side variables accounted for 32.24% of the regional differences as measured by the standard deviation of adjusted GP-consultation rate. Conclusions: There was substantial variation in GP use across Australian regions with only a small proportion of them being explained by population health needs, indicating a high level of unexplained clinical variation. Supply factors did not add a lot to the explanatory power. There was a lot of variation that was not attributable to the factors we could observe. This could be due to more subtle aspects of population need or preferences and therefore warranted. However, it could be due to practice patterns or other aspects of supply and be unexplained. Future work should try to explain the remaining unexplained variation.

scholarly journals EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS ON THE DETERMINANTS OF URBAN PARKS

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenichi SHIMAMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Urban Parks ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Financial Strength ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Park Area ◽  
Supply Side Factors

Urban parks play an important role in enhancing the lifestyle of the community by providing functions which support the environment, safety, health and ell-being. This paper will examine what the determining factors are for the development of urban parks, taking into consideration the supply side and demand side factors and past conditions of urban parks. Japan prefecture level data between 2001 to 2014 will be applied to a panel data analysis. The results find that for the supply side factors, the share of gross production by the construction industry and the financial strength of the local government; and on the demand side factors, preference towards the environment, health and well-being, have impact on the urban park area per capita at a statistically significant level.

Problems and Holistic Solutions for Agricultural Businesses in Chiang Mai

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Keyword(s):  
Language Skills ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Chiang Mai ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Industry Group ◽  
The Government ◽  
Integration Problems ◽  
Production Problems

This research aims to study the problems and find solutions of major agro-industries in Chiang Mai, Thailand. The sample was divided into two parts: The supply side was the government agency, educational institutions and civil society. Demand side was Agro-Industry entrepreneurs. The methodology was focus on meeting the stakeholder debate, and group workshop, the first step of the research was selected the potential agro-industry group to study then in the operating phase, the survey was conducted to analyze and synthesize the problems of agro-industry and find solutions by group meetings in order to present a holistic problem-solving model. This process will provide opportunity for stakeholders and related agencies to collaborate and propose appropriate guidelines for action. The results show that, within demand side, the three most important issues are labor issues, marketing and production problems respectively. While the supply side, the top three issues are the integration problems, lacking of language skills / expertise, and lacking of database. Based on the analysis of both demand and supply side, there is a lack of concrete cooperation from relevant agencies, especially in policy cooperation. Therefore, a policy that responds to the problems of agro-industry is essential for all agencies to focus on and implement concrete measures to address sustainable issues.

scholarly journals Demand- and supply-side factors associated with the use of contraceptive methods in Pakistan: a comparative study of demographic and health surveys, 1990–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadia Jabeen ◽  
Adnan Rathor ◽  
Maria Riaz ◽  
Rubeena Zakar ◽  
Florian Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Supply Side Factors

Abstract Background A remarkable decline in fertility rates has been observed in many countries, with a primary determinant being an increase in the use of contraceptives. However, the birth rate in Pakistan is still higher compared to the other countries of the region. Therefore, this study aims to assess the effect of demand- and supply-side factors associated with the use of contraceptive measures in Pakistan. Methods Secondary data analysis of four data series of the Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys (PDHS 1990–1991, 2006–2007, 2012–2013 and 2017–2018) were used. The data includes ever-married women aged 15–49 years who had given birth in the previous five years and participated in the family planning module of the PDHS. A total of 25,318 women were included in the analysis. Data were analysed by investigating the associations between independent variables (demand- and supply-side factors) and the use of contraceptive measures through unadjusted odds ratios (OR) and adjusted OR (AOR). Results The results among demand-side factors indicated that in 2012–2013, women without media exposure were less likely to use contraceptives and the trend remains almost constant for 2017–2018 (AOR = 0.664, 95% CI 0.562–0.784) in 2012–2013 and (AOR = 0.654, 95% CI 0.483–0.885) in 2017–2018. However, they still show a lower likelihood of using contraceptives without media exposure. The results among supply-side factors indicated that absence of transport (2012–2013) and limited visits by family planning workers over the previous 12 months (2006–2007, 2012–2013 and 2017–2018) remained significant factors for not using contraceptive methods. Conclusions The results of the study indicate that certain demand- and supply-side factors are associated with the use of contraceptive measures in Pakistan. It highlights the need for the provision of family planning resources and further structural factors, particularly in remote areas.

scholarly journals Characteristics Analysis of the Heat-to-Power Ratio from the Supply and Demand Sides of Cities in Northern China

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunyong Yin ◽  
Jianjun Xia ◽  
Yi Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Power Ratio ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Heating Method ◽  
Urban Energy

Combined heat and power (CHP), an efficient heating method with cascades use of energy, accounts for approximately 50% of the heat sources in northern China. Many researchers have made significant efforts to improve its energy efficiency and environmental effects with important achievements. Given that the system produces heat and electricity at the same time, this study focuses on the role of CHP in the holistic urban energy system and points out the mismatch between the demand and supply sides of urban energy systems by using the heat-to-power ratio as a parameter. The calculation method and characteristics of the supply side heat-to-power ratio of eight heating methods and the maximum demand side heat-to-power ratio for 19 cities in northern China are displayed. After the analysis, it is concluded that (1) the maximum demand side heat-to-power ratio in the cities varies from 1.0 to 5.9, which is affected by the location and social, economic, and industrial structures. (2) In most of the cities, with the current energy structure, the demand side heat-to-power ratios are always larger than the supply side heat-to-power ratios. (3) The reduction in heating demand, surplus heat recovery, and the use of a highly efficient electric heating method, such as the heat pump, can help solve the mismatch of the heat-to-power ratio between the demand and supply sides. These conclusions can guide the urban energy planning and system construction.

scholarly journals Industrial Policy in Britain since 1970: Changing Values, Assumptions and Mechanisms

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-57
Author(s):  
Martin Chick
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Market Inefficiency ◽  
Quality Of Supply ◽  
Supply Side Factors

Abstract This article examines the change in the fundamental assumptions underpinning industrial policy from the mid-1970s in Britain. It necessarily contrasts the broadly supply-side concerns of industrial policy from the mid-1970s with the more demand-side concerns of the earlier ‘Golden Age’ period from 1945. Where in the earlier period the emphasis in industrial policy was on capital investment and the role of government in compensating for perceived market inefficiency, from the late 1970s this emphasis shifted to the need to improve the flexibility and quality of supply-side factors allied to a more optimistic view of the ability of the market to secure efficient outcomes.

scholarly journals Demand without Supply: Populist Attitudes without Salient Supply-Side Factors of Populism

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Mike Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Vote Choice ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Federal Election ◽  
Electoral Success ◽  
Fertile Ground ◽  
Attitudinal Dimension ◽  
Supply Side Factors

Abstract Populism's electoral success has been linked to socio-economic crises and to inflammatory political discourse. However, little is known of populist attitudes in contexts in which these supply-side factors are not salient. The present article diverges from the conception of populism that sees it as being activated or fuelled by contextual factors and, rather, conceives populism as an ideological attitudinal dimension that can have an impact on vote choice when supply-side factors are not salient. Using the particular context of the 2015 Canadian federal election as a case to test this theory, empirical analyses support this conception of populism by demonstrating that populist attitudes can be relatively prominent and even impact vote choice in a setting in which the traditional supply-side factors to activate or fuel populism are not salient. Ultimately, populism is shown to be an important demand-side attitudinal dimension even when there is little or no fertile ground for it.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document