scholarly journals Major Translation Methods Used in Legal Documents: Translation of a Marriage Contract from Arabic into English

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
AWEJ-tls for Translation & Literary Studies ◽  
Omar EL GHAZI ◽  
Chakib BNINI
Keyword(s):  
Functional Approach ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Translational Activity ◽  
Legal Translation ◽  
Legal Texts ◽  
Marriage Contract ◽  
Free Translation ◽  
Legal Document ◽  
Translation Methods

Throughout history, the use of translation methods has constituted a source of lots of debates; some scholars advocate literal translation, others advocate free translation. In legal translation which is a special and specialized area of translational activity (Cao, 2007), and where documents are characterized by brevity, economy, and neatness to prevent fraud, additions, omissions or alterations in the text (Crystal & Davy, 1969), mistakes or mistranslations can lead to disastrous repercussions. The present study deals primarily with the methods that translators of legal texts follow and adopt when rendering a legal document. A concise account of translation theories that have been adopted and are still being applied to legal translation is offered to attempt to show the main views towards the application of such translation theories to legal translation. Major methods often used in the translation of legal documents are then presented, discussing their validity to legal translation. This presentation includes literal translation, free translation, the functional approach to translation, transliteration & transcription, loan translation, adaptation, description by definitions, lexical expansion, and descriptive substitution. The empirical part of this study is concerned with the analysis of a marriage contract translated from Arabic into English in an attempt to shed some light on the major methods adopted by the translator of this document and the reason behind using such methods.

scholarly journals Metode dan Prosedur Penerjemahan Quote Anime Bahasa Jepang ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia pada Official Akun LINE Bahasa Jepang Bersama

HUMANIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Ida Ayu Made Dwi Ratna Komala ◽  
Made Ratna Dian Aryani ◽  
Renny Anggraeny
Keyword(s):  
Research Data ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
Free Translation ◽  
Translational Equivalence ◽  
Translation Methods ◽  
Text Content ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

The title of this research is “Method and Procedure of Translation used in Anime Quotes from Japanese to Indonesia at Official Account LINE Bahasa Jepang Bersama”. The purpose of the research is to identify the types of technique, procedure, and method of translation applied in translating anime quotes. Theories used in this research are the theory of translation techniques proposed by Molina and Albir (2002), the procedure of translation by Vinay and Darbelnet (1995), and the translation methods by Newmark (1988). The research data was analyzed by translational equivalence method and glossing. The result of the data analysis indicates that there are several translation techniques applied, they are literal translation, amplification, modulation, linguistic amplification,established equivalence, reduction, and transposition. The most found translation technique is literal translation because its aim is to produce a translation that stick to the originality of the language source text content and form. Then, there are procedures of translation applied, they are literal translation, transposition, and modulation. Thereafter for the method of translation applied they are literal translation, free translation, communicative translation, and idiomatic translation. The most found translation method is free translation because its aim is to produce a translation that fit to the need of target language readers. The translation methods applied tend to be oriented towards the target language.

scholarly journals THE TRANSLATION METHOD OF PREPOSITION ON J.D SALINGER’S NOVEL OF THE CATCHER IN THE RYE TRANSLATED BY GITA WIDYA LAKSMINI

CALL ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Nurhanifah ◽  
Dewi Kustanti ◽  
Nurholis Nurholis
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Translation Method ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Semantic Translation ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
Free Translation ◽  
Translation Methods ◽  
Good Word ◽  
Communicative Translation

This research tells about translation method of preposition. Preposition is the word that simple to translated, but it is complicate to find the good word, because there are so many meaning in dictionary. Even the translator does not always get the meaning from dictionary. This purpose of research is analyzing the translation of simple and complex preposition used in “J.D. Salinger’s Novel The Catcher in The Rye. And to find out the kinds of translation methods in translating of simple and complex preposition on it. The method of research uses descriptive qualitative method. Technique of collecting data, the researcher uses documentation. Technique of analyzing data, the researcher uses constant comparative method by Glaser and Strauss with four steps are data reduction, data categorization, data synthetization and hypothesis. The result of research is translator use four translation method of preposition. There are literal translation, semantic translation, free translation and communicative translation. mostly translator uses literal translation. Preposition has many meaning in dictionary, that’s why there are no word-for-word because researcher things that translator is process the translation of preposition. There are many kinds of preposition. The researcher dividing become two parts, are simple and complex (Randolph Quirk,1985). Simple preposition mostly available than complex in the novel. Because simple preposition is easy to find in the novel.Keywords: preposition, literal translation, semantic translation, free translation, communicative translation

scholarly journals The problematic of translation of legal texts

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
Natalia Kurchinskaya-Grasso
Keyword(s):  
International Criminal ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Legal Translation ◽  
Profound Knowledge ◽  
Legal Texts ◽  
The One ◽  
General Linguistic

This article explores the translation of legal texts, as it is usually fraught with a variety of challenges of linguistic and extralinguistic nature. The translator must have a strong command of linguistics, translation skills and profound knowledge of national and international criminal-procedural of civil-procedural law.  Focus is made on the one hand on determination of typology of general linguistic and translation problems pertaining to legal documents, and on the other – on identification of peculiarities of these problems depending on qualification of a specialist doing legal translation. The main characteristics of legal texts are viewed from the perspective of applied comparative legal science. Interdisciplinary approach towards research in the area of legal translation is a logical solution for the analysis of emerging problems. The article demonstrates some mistakes in translation of legal terms on the example of English, Polish, and Italian languages. The author comes to the conclusion that for a translator without the background of legal practice it is difficult to do the translation of legal texts; as well as submits a proposal on comprising methodological recommendations.

scholarly journals Analysis of Translation Methods of Figurative Language in Short Story

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Wahyu S. Hadjim ◽  
Novriyanto Napu
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Figurative Language ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Translation Method ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Semantic Translation ◽  
Free Translation ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Translation Methods

This research was conducted to find out the translation methods applied by the translator in translating figurative language in O. Henry’s short stories. This descriptive analysis research took the data from nine short stories as the research documents. There were 19 data taken from those nine short stories. The data were collected by analysis of document. Based on the research findings, from nine short stories, seven simile, three metaphor, three hyperbole were literal translation, two simile were semantic translation, two hyperbole were communicative translation, one hyperbole was idiomatic translation, and one simile was translated free translation. In conclusion, the findings of the study indicated that the result of literal translation was significantly higher than others translation methods. The result is expected to be helpful to improve students’ and readers references of translation method.

scholarly journals TRANSLATION METHOD USED IN DELI MALAY AND SERDANG MALAY FOLKLORES FROM INDONESIAN TO ENGLISH

LINGUISTICA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 594
Author(s):  
RIA RESTIKA ◽  
MASITOWARNI SIREGAR ◽  
LIDIMAN SAHAT M SINAGA
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Translation Method ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Semantic Translation ◽  
Free Translation ◽  
Translation Methods ◽  
The Many ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This study aimed to determine the many types of translation methods, how they were employed in the translation of the folklores "Deli Malay" and "Serdang Malay" from Indonesian to English, and why the translators used the prevailing types in these folklores. The descriptive qualitative method was used to perform this research. The data was gathered from a folklore book and an interview with the folklores' translator. Descriptive qualitative research is the method used to analyze the data. The findings of this study revealed that literal translation accounted for 39 sentences (16%), faithful translation accounted for 23 sentences (9%), semantic translation accounted for four sentences (2%), adaptation translation accounted for seven sentences (3%), free translation accounted for 158 sentences (64%) and communicative translation accounted for 16 sentences (6%). A total of 247 sentences were extracted from the data. Because he did not follow any theories or methods of translation when translating the texts, the translator utilized free translation as the dominating method. Instead, he evaluated the translations' target audience, youngsters, and made them acceptable and simple to understand.

scholarly journals Metode dan Ideologi Penerjemahan Makna Kanyouku Organ Tubuh dalam Cerpen Kappa Karya Akutagawa Ryuunosuke

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Natalia Andriani ◽  
I Nyoman Rauh Artana ◽  
Made Ratna Dian Aryani
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Translation Method ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Free Translation ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Word Translation ◽  
Translation Methods

The research entitled "Translation Method and Ideology of Organ Kanyouku in Akutagawa Ryuunosuke's Short Story “Kappa" is aimed to study the methods and ideologies of translation applied in Akutagawa Ryuunosuke's short story, Kappa. The data source of the study is a short story entitled “Kappa” written by Akutagawa Ryuunosuke. This research was analyzed using the descriptive analysis method. The analysis of the translation method uses the method of translation theory by Newmark (1988), the ideology of translation theory by Venuti (2000) and the translation shift theory by Nida and Taber (1982). The results of this research indicates that in translating 19 kanyouku found in the data source. The translators only use five out of eight translation method proposed, there are two kanyouku use the communication translation method, 11 kanyouku use free translation methods, two kanyouku use the adaptation translation method; one kanyouku uses word for word translation method; and three kanyouku use the literal translation method. Regarding the ideology of translation by Venuti (2000), the results of this study indicates that there are 15 kanyouku that are translated through domestication and four kanyouku are translated through foreignization.

The translation of legal agreements and ­contracts from Japanese into English

Babel ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasunari Fujii
Keyword(s):  
English Translation ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Full Account ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Legal Translation ◽  
Translation Practice ◽  
Cultural Systems ◽  
Free Translation ◽  
General Linguistic

This article provides evidence for the applicability of free translation to legal texts, based on an examination of actual cases of Japanese-to-English translation of agreements and contracts in which problems arise from literal translation. The data analysis shows that pitfalls associated with literal translation are attributable to not only the difficulty of finding terminological equivalents that inevitably arises from the differences in the Japanese and American legal and cultural systems, but also to the importance of preserving the spirit of mutual trust and cooperation that is found in Japanese business transactions. It is also postulated that general linguistic and interpretive problems inherent in Japanese-to-English translation of nontechnical texts, including redundancy, ambiguity, propensity for nonspecific statements, and the lack of linguistic clues (e.g., indicators of number), have fundamental, but not well understood, implications for legal translation. The conclusions indicate the need for an integrated approach to legal translation practice that uses both literal and free translations, taking into full account the linguistic, cultural, and legal factors at work in the translation process.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TITLES IN ENGLISH POP SONGS AND THOSE IN THEIR TRANSLATED VERSIONS BASED ON NEWMARK’S MODEL

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Doan Thuy Quynh
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Semantic Translation ◽  
Free Translation ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Translation Methods ◽  
Compare And Contrast ◽  
Communicative Translation

In this study, we compare and contrast the titles of English pop songs with those of Vietnamese translated versions based on Newmark’s model. 65 titles in the original and 65 titles in the target language were chosen to compare and contrast with the purpose of seeing how many titles are retained and how many titles are novel in terms of content. To reach its aim, the study used two main methods including comparison and description, which were based on Newmark’s model. In addition, statistical and analysis methods were also applied to examining the titles. The research findings showed that in general 51 titles are retained in the target language through 5 translation methods: literal translation, semantic translation, communicative translation, free translation and adaption. 10 titles do not carry any characteristics in comparison with the original. The study also revealed that translators used mainly free translation to convert the titles from English into Vietnamese.

scholarly journals Interpretation of the Markers of Freedom in Slavic Languages and in Slavic Legal Document Discourse

Rusin ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 159-175
Author(s):  
I.V. Tubalova ◽  
◽  
M.A. Nazemtseva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Discourse ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Composition Formation ◽  
Legal Texts ◽  
Cultural Conditioning ◽  
Legal Document ◽  
Lexical Content ◽  
Culture And Language

The aim of this article is to identify the linguocultural specificity of the content of lexical markers of freedom in Slavic languages (fixed in the dictionary definitions) as well as their discursive interpretation in Slavic legal texts to establish the factors of composition formation and functioning principles of the lexical markers of freedom as a discourse-forming semantic dominant of legal texts. The authors analyse the lexical markers of freedom in Slavic languages and in the texts of Constitutions as main legal documents of Slavic states. The analysis engages the linguistic and discursive meanings of lexical units ‘pravo’, ‘svoboda’ and their semantic and word-formative correlates as the mediums of the concept “freedom”, which is discourse forming for legal texts. The lexical content of the units ‘pravo’ and ‘svoboda’, fixed in the dictionaries of Slavic languages, is compared with their discursively conditioned content. The results of the analysis show that the composition and functioning of the lexical markers of freedom as a discourse-forming semantic dominant of legal texts in Slavic linguocultures is determined by the discursive-genre specificity of legal texts, their national legal culture, and language features. In this respect, the discursive conditioning of the functioning of markers of freedom plays a leading role. Other grounds are subject to it and are realized in accordance with the purpose of the discourse. The analysis contributes to solving the problem of institutional discourse formation and, specifically, their linguocultural and socio-cultural conditioning.

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