scholarly journals The Digital Divide in Online Education. Inequality in Digital Preparedness of Students and Schools before the Start of the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman Gerbert van de Werfhorst ◽  
Emma Kessenich ◽  
Sara Geven
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Migration Background ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Digital Education ◽  
Fourth Level ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Migration

The COVID-19 pandemic has disordered the educational process across the globe, as schools suddenly had to provide their teaching in an online environment. One question that raised immediate concern is the potential effects of this forced and rapid digitalization on inequalities in the learning process by social class, migration background and sex. Elaborating on the literature on the digital divide, we study inequalities in digital preparedness of students and schools, before the pandemic took place. Using data from the International Computer and Information Literacy Study (ICILS) on seven countries, and the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) on 45 countries, both from 2018, we demonstrate that schools and students vary in their preparedness for digital education, but that school variation is not systematically related to the student composition by socioeconomic and migration background. More important drivers for a digital divide in corona-times are the ICT skills students have, which are strongly related to socioeconomic background (known as the second level of the digital divide). We found little evidence for a hypothesized ‘fourth level’ of the digital divide, which would result from social gradients in the preparedness of school environments for digital education.

The digital divide in individual e-commerce utilization in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shizhan Zhu ◽  
Juan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Digital Inequality ◽  
Urban Inequality ◽  
First Order ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Residency Status ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Migration

Using data from a national survey with 1,288 respondents, this study investigates the socio-demographic determinants of the first-order digital divide (access to the Internet) and the second-order digital divide (e-commerce use) in China. The survey employed spatial probability sampling technology so it would encompass migrants as well as registered residents. Multiple logistic regressions were applied to model the associations between access to the Internet/e-commerce use and demographic characteristics, socio-economic attributes, and migration and residency status. The results demonstrate the significant effects of rural-urban inequality and socio-economic divisions in Internet access. Age, gender, education, and residency were identified as significant predictors for individual e-commerce use. The findings provide helpful information for enterprises wishing to broaden their business horizons. The research can also be used in designing effective policies to reduce China’s digital inequality.

scholarly journals BRIDGING THE DIGITAL DIVIDE IN EDUCATION: POLICIES AND STRATEGIES IN MALAYSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (25) ◽  
pp. 157-170
Author(s):  
Noor Hadzlida Ayob ◽  
Intan Suria Hamzah ◽  
Mohd Amar Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Digital Education ◽  
Digital Development ◽  
Education Policy Implementation ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Digital education is now one of the main drivers of the country's economic development. Mastery in digital skills is becoming increasingly important in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0, the internet of things as well as technology-based teaching and learning processes. However, all these agenda towards digital development is seen as a mere rhetorical statement if the digital divide is still wide in the country. Thus, this article takes the initiative to dismantle the digital education policy implementation in the country and also attempts to see how strategies will be applied to reduce the digital divide in education. Success in ensuring the reduction of the digital divide is important to further increase the rate of digital literacy and at the same time fostering the process of innovation in society. The emphasis on digital education is also seen in line with the 4th sustainable development goal which is to access quality education and the 10th goal which is to reduce inequality. The discussion from this concept paper then produces some recommendations for future research to studies on the aspects of policy and strategies improvement needed in bridging the digital divide in the country.

Using Data Analytics to Foster the Instructional Quality of Online Education

2017 ◽  
pp. 37-55
Author(s):  
B. Jean Mandernach
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Online Education ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Online Teaching ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Instructional Quality ◽  
Learning Programs ◽  
Using Data

The growth of online learning has spurred interest in how administrators can (and should) utilize data to drive teaching evaluations, decision-making and program oversight. Within the realm of higher education administration, online learning programs offer a distinct advantage over their campus-based counterparts: tangible artifacts. The reality of online teaching and learning is that every interaction creates a digital footprint of the teaching-learning dynamic. While researchers have actively explored how the data from these digital footprints can be used to enhance student learning, less attention has been given to how administrators can utilize data analytics to foster the instructional quality of online education. Beyond learning analytics, teaching analytics provide valuable insights that allow administrators to efficiently evaluate the quality of online teaching, proactively support faculty, and make informed program oversight decisions to maximize the online learning experience.

Implementation of Digital Education: Problems and Solutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1021-1025
Author(s):  
V. Ya. Dmitriev ◽  
T. A. Ignat’eva ◽  
A. O. Ivanova ◽  
V. P. Pilyavskiy
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Digital Education ◽  
Development Paths

Aim. The presented study aims to identify the key problems for the participants of the educational process caused by the introduction of digital education into the educational environment of an educational institution and to formulate possible solutions to these problems.Tasks. The authors analyze the mechanism of implementation of digital technologies in the educational process; identify weak points in the active introduction of distance learning; outline opportunities for the development of digital education.Methods. This study uses the methods of the systems approach, comparative and structural analysis, analytical and theoretical generalization.Results. The major problems of digital education implementation are identified; two principal development paths are proposed with an aim to improve the efficiency and quality of educational services based on digital technologies.Conclusions. The main problems of digital education implementation are the lack of face-to-face communication and real-life interaction between the teacher and students; insufficient technical equipment (the need for computers, laptops, tablets); poor performance of the equipment that hosts information resources combined with large amounts of transmitted data. As possible solutions to these problems, the authors outline two major development paths: improving the quality of educational content and developing efficient tools, i.e. a modern online education platform.

scholarly journals DESIGN FOR ONLINE TEACHING AND LEARNING IN TNE CONTEXT OF DIGITAL EDUCATION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serghei Sirghi ◽  
◽  
Angela Sirghi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Online Teaching ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Online Teaching And Learning ◽  
Digital Education ◽  
New Methods ◽  
The World

We live in the XXI century, the century of new technologies. ICT has had a huge positive affect upon the way in which education has evolved and become far easier for the world to access. Education cannot continue any more to work by old methods based on class-lesson system, where the teacher stands before the class and presents the material the students are to learn. To improve the process of teaching and learning new methods based on ICT should be used. The importance of using online learning in the context of digital education for the development of knowledge, skills and competences in the contemporary educational process is reported in the article. Great attention is focused on the basic concepts of distance learning and mixed learning. It is proposed a model of planning online teaching and learning activities and recommendations at the level of the teaching staff.

scholarly journals Pedagogical Conditions for optimizing the process of teaching and learning Foreign Languages Online

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelina Gorobeț ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Educational Software ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Digital Resources ◽  
Basic Characteristics

The rapid development of new technologies and the proliferation of information resources are the basic characteristics of our contemporary society. Multimedia applications, telecommunications, portable and wireless electronic devices, social networks, educational software, Web 2.0 tools, and others, radically redefine the way people exchange information, as well as how to teach, learn and accumulate new knowledge. Online education introduces new terms (E-learning, distance learning, digital resources, software, zoom, etc.) and imposes new pedagogical conditions in the development of the educational process at all levels of education. The Internet and Web 2.0 applications have become indispensable sources in the educational process, but still challenging for teachers as well as for other participants in the educational process. This article reflects the use of modern information and communication technologies and interactive digital resources as mandatory pedagogical conditions for optimizing the educational process in the online environment.

scholarly journals Comfortable digital education: problems and development prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 03003
Author(s):  
Andrey Sergeevich Bankov ◽  
Galina Viktorovna Kuritsyna ◽  
Veronika Viktorovna Retivina ◽  
Olga Yanovna Rodkina ◽  
Nana Dzhimsherovna Chikova
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Online Courses ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Digital Education ◽  
Digital Format ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
The University ◽  
Development Prospects

Currently, digitalization is rapidly encompassing all spheres of society, including education. This process received particular relevance and a powerful impetus to development in connection with the pandemic in 2020. The educational process has undergone dramatic changes, which has given rise to many problems associated with the insufficient development of the principles of digital didactics, with the unwillingness of universities to provide the necessary conditions for mass online education. The study aims to determine the set of conditions that form the basis of effective and comfortable learning in the modern digital educational environment, to determine the directions for the development of new professional competencies of the teacher. The team of authors considers the readiness of the material and digital infrastructure of the university, as well as the readiness of teachers and students to carry out their functions in the digital environment, to be the main prerequisites for organizing a comfortable and effective education in digital format. The paper discusses the prospects for the development of a multi-tier infrastructure of digital education, the problems that arise among the main actors of educational relations (teachers and students), the direction of the choice of teaching methods, and the organization of classes, taking into account the peculiarities of the distance learning process. The study used methods of comparative analysis, generalization, synthesis. The result and novelty of the research are expressed in the development of a set of necessary conditions for effective and comfortable interaction of participants in the educational process in the context of mass online learning. The results of the work can be used to organize professional development courses and retraining programs for teachers in the field of designing online courses, developing tools for a digital educational environment.

scholarly journals Online Teaching in Higher Education during COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. p96
Author(s):  
Ida Panev
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Online Education ◽  
Online Teaching ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
World Population ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
One Year ◽  
Teaching In Higher Education

The whole world population witnesses changes that are happening due to COVID-19 pandemic. One of the greatest changes is shown in the manner of conducting the educational process that has been transferred from traditional onsite to online. This paper analyses what are advantages and what are disadvantages of online teaching in higher education in Croatia, but it is applicable to all levels of education system. As approximately one year has passed since first lockdown and consequently closing all educational institutions, some experience is gained. This paper will try to systematize most of the findings that practice of online education has shown. In a few words, some advantages of quality online teaching are: low expenses, timesaving, learning at one’s own pace, motivation, communication, attention etc. Disadvantages of online teaching are: lack of social face-to-face contact, extreme exposure to screens, all sorts of distractions due to inappropriate work environment, inadequate technical equipment, lack of digital skills etc. Although the key role is on the teachers as creators of the educational process, students, as participants of the process, should also make an effort to adjust and embrace new ways of teaching and learning. Both teachers and students should express their opinions and all sorts of needs, to take the best out of online education during a pandemic.

scholarly journals Digital education facing COVID - 19 pandemic: technological university experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 08090
Author(s):  
Oleg Pobegaylov
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Digital Education ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
University Experience ◽  
Technological University

The article deals with the aspects of electronic and distance education under the COVID19 pandemic. It is noteworthy that there are common features in managing electronic and online education in higher school, as well as the problems of applying these formats of education. The tools of the educational process of digital education, the effectiveness of their use, the reaction of students and teachers to the new learning environment and technologies are described. The author argues that information and communication technologies are increasingly melting into various areas of education. This is facilitated by both external factors related to the widespread computerization of the society and the need for appropriate training of specialists, and internal factors related to the spread of modern digital technologies and software in school, the adoption of governmental and intergovernmental programs for the computerization of education, the emergence of the relevant digital experience of a large number of instructors. In most cases, the use of digital tools produces a real positive impact on the intensification of the work of the educators both in high school and university, as well as on the effectiveness of students' training, despite a number of shortcomings of the existing distant education system.

Migration and the Internet

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas John Cooke ◽  
Ian Shuttleworth
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Dynamics Models

It is widely presumed that information and communication technologies, or ICTs, enable migration in several ways; primarily by reducing the costs of migration. However, a reconsideration of the relationship between ICTs and migration suggests that ICTs may just as well hinder migration; primarily by reducing the costs of not moving.  Using data from the US Panel Study of Income Dynamics, models that control for sources of observed and unobserved heterogeneity indicate a strong negative effect of ICT use on inter-state migration within the United States. These results help to explain the long-term decline in internal migration within the United States.

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