scholarly journals Finding More Needles in More Haystacks: Rigorous Literature Searching for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses in Management and Organization Studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Lock ◽  
Stefano Giani
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Decision Aids ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Literature Searching ◽  
Organization Studies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Internal And External Validity ◽  
Do So

With increasing numbers of publications, synthesizing research in management and organization studies (MOS) and the social sciences in general has become necessary to summarize knowledge, discover research gaps, and gather interdisciplinary insights. To do so, reviews of the literature depend on a rigorous method for searching specifically for MOS that is to date largely lacking. This article demonstrates a six-step protocol for setting up a rigorous search. Instead of sampling from a limited set of journals, it focuses on databases and uses information in thesauri, key articles, and automated text analysis to construct a search string. It details decision aids on database inclusions and syntax adaptations and discusses additional search techniques, with best practice examples. The six-step process provides practical considerations for authors and develops assessment criteria for journal editors and reviewers to judge the rigor of the search in terms of construct, internal, and external validity and reliability. Thus, the article facilitates more rigorous syntheses in the social sciences by focusing on the heart of any such endeavor, the search.

Reflections on Human Rights: An Eastern European Perspective

1989 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Tamäs Földesi
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
State Theory ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
European Perspective ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Theoretical Issues ◽  
Do So

To create a state-theory that can answer the social problems of today, to break away from the theses that merely interpret the classics – as the sciences dealing with the economy managed to do during the past 15–20 years – is the main task of social sciences dealing with the theoretical issues of the state these days. If they fail to do so, their work will be forced to the periphery of the social movements, will not be able to assist the processes of society. It is my conviction that this is a vast responsibility of the social sciences in our age.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Diagnoses: A Source of Immanent Value and Novelty

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Marsha Rosengarten
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Active Participant ◽  
Sensory Awareness ◽  
The Social ◽  
Do So

Although the body is fundamental to observation and feeling, its experience of infection is regarded by the biomedical sciences and, for the most part, the social sciences as relatively obtuse. The body is situated as a mere object of inquiry, as if its intricate and highly complex dynamics indicate that it is no more than an imperfect animated machine and, concomitantly, infection simply a change to its normative mechanisms. In this Position Piece, I ask: what might be afforded to the problematic diagnosis of communicable infection and to global health strategies of containment if the body were appreciated as an active participant in diagnoses? To do so, I take up the ‘pluralist panpsychist’ proposition that bodies think. Counter to the view that thinking is the preserve of the human mind and that value is an ‘after’ ascribed to a given fact or situation, I experiment with the idea that the body’s sensory awareness can be thought as a creative source of immanent values. Drawing on a series of empirical examples primarily focused on the perceived novelty of COVID-19, I offer a preliminary sketch of how revaluing the body as involved in decision-making and novelty might enrich the scope of biomedical and social diagnoses.

Narrating organization studies

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Czarniawska
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Studies ◽  
Alasdair Macintyre ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Organization Studies ◽  
Jerome Bruner ◽  
The Social

This chapter depicts a personal and a professional trajectory caused by the narrative turn in the social sciences. It went from an original enchantment to a more distanced and nuanced approach, but in the end the narrative take established itself firmly in social studies, in this chapter exemplified by organization studies. Of great importance were the charismatic guides to the narrative, such as Jerome Bruner and Alasdair MacIntyre, who translated narratology’s main notions for the use of social scientists.

Norms: An Integrated Framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 467-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Horne ◽  
Stefanie Mollborn
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Social Conflict ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Integrated Framework ◽  
The Past ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Social ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Do So

Norms are a foundational concept in sociology. Following a period of skepticism about norms as overly deterministic and as paying too little attention to social conflict, inequalities, and agency, the past 20 years have seen a proliferation of norms research across the social sciences. Here we focus on the burgeoning research in sociology to answer questions about where norms come from, why people enforce them, and how they are applied. To do so, we rely on three key theoretical approaches in the literature—consequentialist, relational, and agentic. As we apply these approaches, we explore their implications for what are arguably the two most fundamental issues in sociology—social order and inequality. We conclude by synthesizing and building on existing norms research to produce an integrated theoretical framework that can shed light on aspects of norms that are currently not well understood—in particular, their change and erosion.

Discourse(s), social construction and language practices: In conversation with Alvesson and Kärreman

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 1177-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Bargiela-Chiappini
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Language Practices ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
Organization Studies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Semiotic Approach ◽  
Embodied Engagement

This piece seeks to extend a conversation that Alvesson and Kärreman started in 2000 from the pages of Human Relations and are continuing in their 2011 article; a conversation that is of great interest well beyond management and organization studies. Through a linguistics perspective that is attentive to the peculiarities of the discourse vocabulary but also seeks to probe aspects of its conceptual import, I will explore the significance of understandings of discourse circulating within the social sciences. I will continue with reflections on select difficulties raised by ‘social construction-unlimited’ before highlighting some of the benefits of a social semiotic approach to ethnographic research centred on the concept of indexicality. I will conclude with an invitation to ‘bring the researcher back’, in an embodied engagement with the field that can help put discourse in ‘its right place’.

scholarly journals Mapping the field of psychology: Trends in research topics 1995–2015

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Wieczorek ◽  
Saïd Unger ◽  
Jan Riebling ◽  
Lukas Erhard ◽  
Christian Koß ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Relative Decline ◽  
Topic Structure ◽  
Do So

AbstractWe map the topic structure of psychology utilizing a sample of over 500,000 abstracts of research articles and conference proceedings spanning two decades (1995–2015). To do so, we apply structural topic models to examine three research questions: (i) What are the discipline’s most prevalent research topics? (ii) How did the scientific discourse in psychology change over the last decades, especially since the advent of neurosciences? (iii) And was this change carried by high impact (HI) or less prestigious journals? Our results reveal that topics related to natural sciences are trending, while their ’counterparts’ leaning to humanities are declining in popularity. Those trends are even more pronounced in the leading outlets of the field. Furthermore, our findings indicate a continued interest in methodological topics accompanied by the ascent of neurosciences and related methods and technologies (e.g. fMRI’s). At the same time, other established approaches (e.g. psychoanalysis) become less popular and indicate a relative decline of topics related to the social sciences and the humanities.

scholarly journals The Ethics of Automated Vehicles: Why Self-driving Cars Should not Swerve in Dilemma Cases

Res Publica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Lawlor
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Trolley Problem ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Safe Spaces ◽  
The Social ◽  
Legal Responsibilities ◽  
Self Driving Cars ◽  
Trolley Cases ◽  
Do So

AbstractIn this paper, I will argue that automated vehicles should not swerve to avoid a person or vehicle in its path, unless they can do so without imposing risks onto others. I will argue that this is the conclusion that we should reach even if we start by assuming that we should divert the trolley in the standard trolley case (in which the trolley will hit and kill five people on the track, unless it is diverted onto a different track, where it will hit and kill just one person). In defence of this claim, I appeal to the distribution of moral and legal responsibilities, highlighting the importance of safe spaces, and arguing in favour of constraints on what can be done to minimise casualties. My arguments draw on the methodology associated with the trolley problem. As such, this paper also defends this methodology, highlighting a number of ways in which authors misunderstand and misrepresent the trolley problem. For example, the ‘trolley problem’ is not the ‘name given by philosophers to classic examples of unavoidable crash scenarios, historically involving runaway trolleys’, as Millar suggests, and trolley cases should not be compared with ‘model building in the (social) sciences’, as Gogoll and Müller suggest. Trolley cases have more in common with lab experiments than model building, and the problem referred to in the trolley problem is not the problem of deciding what to do in any one case. Rather, it refers to the problem of explaining what appear to be conflicting intuitions when we consider two cases together. The problem, for example, could be: how do we justify the claim that automated vehicles should not swerve even if we accept the claim that we should divert the trolley in an apparently similar trolley case?

scholarly journals For Your Enrichment: A Model for Developing and Implementing a Systematic Review Service for Disciplines outside of the Health Sciences

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Riegelman ◽  
Megan Kocher
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
The Social ◽  
Reference Librarians ◽  
Meta Analyses

Support for systematic reviews and meta-analyses in the social sciences is an innovative service that makes advanced use of the expert skills of reference librarians and subject specialists. This column provides a deep look into the launch of one systematic review service to provide a model that is adaptable for other academic and special libraries.—Editor

scholarly journals Influence of the Supervision Related Background Variables on the Supervisees’ Supervision Experiences at Postgraduate Level

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tooba Saleem ◽  
Nasir Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Workload Management ◽  
Supervision Process ◽  
Postgraduate Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Selection Of

This research aims to investigate the influence of some supervision related background variables on the supervisees’ supervision experiences during their research at postgraduate level. We conducted a survey from (N= 422) supervisees using Supervisor-Supervisee. Relationship Questionnaire (SSRQ, 65 items) scored on six point scale. The items of SSRQ were developed on six supervision aspects to find the supervision related experiences in addition to the selected background variables. The subscale wise content validity and reliability of the SSRQ was ensured. Inferential statistics were applied to achieve the main objectives of the research. The findings of the research highlighted the importance of supervisors’ expertise and research skills in the supervisees’ area of research. The supervisees who were not given choice for the selection of the supervisor have reported negative supervision experiences. Giving choice to the selection of a supervisor can improve the supervision experiences of supervisees and can minimize the potential personality and research interest related anomalies. Supervisees from the social sciences disciplines reported the problem of workload management during the supervision process. On the basis of findings it is suggested that supervision allotment procedure, alignment between supervisors’ area of specialization and supervisee research topic and discipline specific supervision trainings may be initiated.

scholarly journals Replicability. Politics and Poetics of Accountability, Validation and Legitimation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giampietro Gobo
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Jigsaw Puzzle ◽  
Organizational Setting ◽  
Discursive Practices ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Organization Studies ◽  
Third Way ◽  
Field Relation ◽  
The Social

Replicability is a term that not only comes with different meanings in the literature of many domains but is often associated or confused with other terms such as ‘reproducibility,’ ‘repeatability,’ ‘reliability,’ ‘validity,’ and so on. To add to the confusion, it can even be used differently across diverse disciplines. Though all named concepts are important, what makes them barely advantageous is that they do not cover some peculiar aspects of the replicability and validation processes, i.e., appropriateness of conceptualization; trustworthiness of operational definition and operational acts; accuracy of researcher’s description, categorization and/or measurement; successfulness of observational (or field) relation. Moreover, in social sciences and organization studies, the concept of validity of data is highly questionable due to the quite frequent shortage of real statuses of the observed objects. The present paper aims to challenge the received view on the concept of ‘replicability,’ by proposing a “situational approach” based on the idea that replicability works under certain organizational and socio-technic conditions, and that it is heavily influenced by the way that different stakeholders (scientists, technicians, participants artifacts, and technologies) respond to them. Consequently, it is important to understand how and why replicability works in different contexts. Its main purpose, without denying the importance of current conventional perspectives on replicability and its siblings, is to widen and change them to include an organizational setting and a reflexive epistemology. This implies the pursuit of a third way of replicability, between the postmodernist negation of its possibility and its opposite, i.e., a naïve naturalism. A way asserting that replicability is a jigsaw puzzle or a mosaic, constituted by discursive practices (poetics) and organizational achievements guiding the politics of accountability, validation and legitimation. The domain here considered pertains to the social and organizational sciences. However, though going beyond the aim of this essay, many issues could be reframed and adapted to medical, natural and physical sciences, as some of the following examples can show.

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