scholarly journals Upscaling the resilience assessment through comparative analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Rocha ◽  
Carla Lanyon ◽  
Garry Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Arctic Communities ◽  
To Come ◽  
Social And Environmental Change

Resilience is the capacity of any system to maintain its function, structure and identity despite disturbances. Assessing resilience has been elusive due to high levels of abstraction that are difficult to empirically test, or the lack of high quality data required once appropriate proxies are identified. Most resilience assessments are limited to specific situation arenas, making comparision one of the unresolved challenges. Here we show how leveraging comparative analysis can provide insights on how Arctic communities (N = 40) can best deal with social and environmental change. We found that the capacity to self-organize, and nurturing diversity are sufficient conditions for Arctic communities whose livelihoods have been resilient, or for communities whose livelihoods have been transformed. Our study provides an alternative perspective on how to assess resilience by leveraging comparsion across cases. It also identify governance patways to support adaptations and transformations in the Arctic, a geography with some of the most dramatic social and natural challenges to come.

scholarly journals X-ray Spectra of Young Supernovae

2005 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 201-205
Author(s):  
David Pooley
Keyword(s):  
Supernova Explosion ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Circumstellar Material ◽  
Data Application ◽  
To Come ◽  
Massive Star Evolution ◽  
First Time ◽  
Detailed Picture

SummaryX-ray spectra of young supernovae (SNe) can provide information on the progenitor star and the interaction of the supernova ejecta and the circumstellar material. I will discuss some examples, with particular emphasis on SN 1998S, whose X-ray spectrum revealed for the first time in a young supernova a wealth of heavy element emission features (Ne, Al, Si, S, Ar, and Fe). By comparison with detailed calculations of supernova explosion elemental yields, these data can be used to constrain the progenitor mass. With increasingly sophisticated models and additional high quality data, application of this technique could result in many more reliable progenitor mass determinations. In addition, high resolution X-ray spectra allow us to measure the temperature evolution of a supernova and can give us a detailed picture of the progenitor’s pre-supernova evolution. As we build up additional examples from the great diversity of core collapse supernovae, we hope to come to a better understanding of the last stages of massive star evolution.

scholarly journals Classification of Chemical Compounds to Support Complex Queries in a Pathway Database

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Wittig ◽  
Andreas Weidemann ◽  
Renate Kania ◽  
Christian Peiss ◽  
Isabel Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Biological Databases ◽  
Pathway Database ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Domain Experts ◽  
Complex Queries ◽  
Different Levels

Data quality in biological databases has become a topic of great discussion. To provide high quality data and to deal with the vast amount of biochemical data, annotators and curators need to be supported by software that carries out part of their work in an (semi-) automatic manner. The detection of errors and inconsistencies is a part that requires the knowledge of domain experts, thus in most cases it is done manually, making it very expensive and time-consuming. This paper presents two tools to partially support the curation of data on biochemical pathways. The tool enables the automatic classification of chemical compounds based on their respective SMILES strings. Such classification allows the querying and visualization of biochemical reactions at different levels of abstraction, according to the level of detail at which the reaction participants are described. Chemical compounds can be classified in a flexible manner based on different criteria. The support of the process of data curation is provided by facilitating the detection of compounds that are identified as different but that are actually the same. This is also used to identify similar reactions and, in turn, pathways.

scholarly journals Summary of Special Session 3

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (14) ◽  
pp. 623-624
Author(s):  
Françoise Genova
Keyword(s):  
Positive Influence ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Special Session ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Poster Sessions ◽  
Tremendous Progress ◽  
To Come ◽  
Large Telescopes ◽  
Data Centres ◽  
Virtual Observatories

The Virtual Observatory is one of the very few truly global endeavours of astronomy, and IAU General Assemblies are the natural places to present the VO to the community. The three-year time scale of IAU is also well suited to measure progress. At the IAU XXV GA in Sydney, 2003, half of the two-day Joint Discussion 8 on Large Telescopes & Virtual Observatories: Visions for the Future was devoted to VO talks: the main goal was to review what was expected from the VO in different disciplines of astronomy; many projects were also presented in the poster sessions. This time the three-day VO Special Session has given an excellent overview of present status of the VO, showing both tremendous progress and the work which remains to be done. Several scientific communities (astronomy, solar and heliospheric physics) are working on VO development, national communities have been organizing themselves in VO projects. Implementation by data centres has begun. Additional technical development is required, and there are still technical challenges. There is also a huge work ahead for providing high quality data and services, but the VO development already has a very positive influence on astronomers' work environment, and more is to come.

scholarly journals Control and Eradication Programs for Non-EU Regulated Cattle Diseases in the Netherlands

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. G. A. Santman-Berends ◽  
M. H. Mars ◽  
M. F. Weber ◽  
L. van Duijn ◽  
H. W. F. Waldeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
Cattle Diseases ◽  
Control And Eradication

Within the European Union, infectious cattle diseases are categorized in the Animal Health Law. No strict EU regulations exist for control, evidence of disease freedom, and surveillance of diseases listed other than categories A and B. Consequently, EU member states follow their own varying strategies for disease control. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the control and eradication programs (CPs) for non-EU regulated cattle diseases in the Netherlands between 2009 and 2019 and to highlight characteristics specific to the Dutch situation. In the Netherlands, CPs are in place for six endemic cattle diseases: bovine viral diarrhea, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, salmonellosis, paratuberculosis, leptospirosis, and neosporosis. These CPs have been tailored to the specific situation in the Netherlands: a country with a high cattle density, a high rate of animal movements, a strong dependence on export of dairy products, and a high-quality data-infrastructure. The latter specifically applies to the dairy sector, which is the leading cattle sector in the Netherlands. When a herd enters a CP, generally the within-herd prevalence of infection is estimated in an initial assessment. The outcome creates awareness of the infection status of a herd and also provides an indication of the costs and time to achieve the preferred herd status. Subsequently, the herd enrolls in the control phase of the CP to, if present, eliminate the infection from a herd and a surveillance phase to substantiate the free or low prevalence status over time. The high-quality data infrastructure that results in complete and centrally registered census data on cattle movements provides the opportunity to design CPs while minimizing administrative efforts for the farmer. In the CPs, mostly routinely collected samples are used for surveillance. Where possible, requests for proof of the herd status are sent automatically. Automated detection of risk factors for introduction of new animals originating from a herd without the preferred herd status i.e., free or unsuspected, is in place using centrally registered data. The presented overview may inspire countries that want to develop cost-effective CPs for endemic diseases that are not (yet) regulated at EU level.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SOLAR MODULES OPERATION IN THE ARCTIC CLIMATE OF RUSSIA AND CANADA

2017 ◽  
pp. 12-24
Author(s):  
E. S. Bodrova ◽  
V. V. Dolgosheev ◽  
I. M. Kirpichnikova ◽  
D. V. Korobatov ◽  
A. S. Martyanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Arctic Climate ◽  
The Arctic

Comparative Analysis of Oil Spill Response Methods in the Arctic Seas

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
A.A. Gorbunov ◽  
◽  
S.I. Shepelyuk ◽  
A.G. Nesterenko ◽  
K.I. Drapey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
Oil Spill Response

Police Department and Slavophil Political Discourse

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 123-136
Author(s):  
Lyubov V. Ulyanova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The Political ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article analyzes the political discourse of the officials of the main political surveillance structure, – the Police Department, – in the period of 1880s (organization of the Department) and until October, 1905, when the Western-type Constitution project finally prevailed. The comparative analysis of the conceptual instruments (“Constitutionalists”, “Oppositionists”, “Radicals”, “Liberals”) typically used in the Police Department allows one to come o the conclusion that the leaders of the Russian empire political police did not follow the “reactionary and protective” discourse, did not share its postulates, but preferred the moderate-liberal-conservative path of political development. Along with that, the Police Department also demonstrated loyal attitude to zemsky administration and zemsky figures, covert criticism of “bureaucratic mediastinum”, the tendency to come to an agreement with public figures through personal negotiations, intentional omittance of reactionary and protective repressive measures in preserving autocracy. All this allows to come to the conclusion that the officials of the Police Department shares Slavophil public and political doctrine.

What Can Digitization Do For Formulated Product Innovation and Development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James McDonagh ◽  
William Swope ◽  
Richard L. Anderson ◽  
Michael Johnston ◽  
David J. Bray
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Base Level ◽  
Hybrid Approaches ◽  
Digital Ecosystem ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Chemical Simulation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Digitization offers significant opportunities for the formulated product industry to transform the way it works and develop new methods of business. R&D is one area of operation that is challenging to take advantage of these technologies due to its high level of domain specialisation and creativity but the benefits could be significant. Recent developments of base level technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML), robotics and high performance computing (HPC), to name a few, present disruptive and transformative technologies which could offer new insights, discovery methods and enhanced chemical control when combined in a digital ecosystem of connectivity, distributive services and decentralisation. At the fundamental level, research in these technologies has shown that new physical and chemical insights can be gained, which in turn can augment experimental R&D approaches through physics-based chemical simulation, data driven models and hybrid approaches. In all of these cases, high quality data is required to build and validate models in addition to the skills and expertise to exploit such methods. In this article we give an overview of some of the digital technology demonstrators we have developed for formulated product R&D. We discuss the challenges in building and deploying these demonstrators.<br>

Collecting High-Quality Data

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Kay Gugerty ◽  
Dean Karlan
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Social Desirability Bias ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Evaluation Systems ◽  
Demand Effect

Without high-quality data, even the best-designed monitoring and evaluation systems will collapse. Chapter 7 introduces some the basics of collecting high-quality data and discusses how to address challenges that frequently arise. High-quality data must be clearly defined and have an indicator that validly and reliably measures the intended concept. The chapter then explains how to avoid common biases and measurement errors like anchoring, social desirability bias, the experimenter demand effect, unclear wording, long recall periods, and translation context. It then guides organizations on how to find indicators, test data collection instruments, manage surveys, and train staff appropriately for data collection and entry.

scholarly journals Velocity Analysis Using Separated Diffractions for Lunar Penetrating Radar Obtained by Yutu-2 Rover

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1387
Author(s):  
Chao Li ◽  
Jinhai Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Permittivity ◽  
Lunar Regolith ◽  
Velocity Model ◽  
Velocity Estimation ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Shallow Subsurface ◽  
Subsurface Structures ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Permittivity Model

The high-frequency channel of lunar penetrating radar (LPR) onboard Yutu-2 rover successfully collected high quality data on the far side of the Moon, which provide a chance for us to detect the shallow subsurface structures and thickness of lunar regolith. However, traditional methods cannot obtain reliable dielectric permittivity model, especially in the presence of high mix between diffractions and reflections, which is essential for understanding and interpreting the composition of lunar subsurface materials. In this paper, we introduce an effective method to construct a reliable velocity model by separating diffractions from reflections and perform focusing analysis using separated diffractions. We first used the plane-wave destruction method to extract weak-energy diffractions interfered by strong reflections, and the LPR data are separated into two parts: diffractions and reflections. Then, we construct a macro-velocity model of lunar subsurface by focusing analysis on separated diffractions. Both the synthetic ground penetrating radar (GPR) and LPR data shows that the migration results of separated reflections have much clearer subsurface structures, compared with the migration results of un-separated data. Our results produce accurate velocity estimation, which is vital for high-precision migration; additionally, the accurate velocity estimation directly provides solid constraints on the dielectric permittivity at different depth.

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