scholarly journals The Cows May Safely Graze: Placing Expert-Lay Relationships at the Center of Overcoming the Expert-Lay Knowledge Divide

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Eileen Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Grizzly Bears ◽  
Large Carnivores ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Lay Knowledge ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Lay People

Many scholars agree that both expert and lay knowledge are needed to gain a fuller understanding of environmental problems, both to find answers to the problems and to improve relations between experts and lay people. When experts ignore lay knowledge, lay people can resist by accusing experts of arrogance or conspiracy. Rural people who live among large carnivores like wolves and grizzly bears sometimes distrust expert knowledge or even promulgate conspiracy theories.One’s knowledge is inextricably linked with one’s identity and social relationships. In this ethnographic study, I examine how a Montana-based non-profit, Blackfoot Challenge (BC), facilitates the exchange of knowledge between experts and lay people for carnivore management. Nurturing expert-lay relationships is one strategy that BC uses in concert with two others to bridge the expert-lay knowledge divide: facilitating learning experiences and relying on intermediaries. Knowledge exchanged within expert-relationships allows experts to better understand the needs of lay people and adapt their work to meet those needs while also disseminating expert knowledge to lay people in a way that earns their trust. The trust built within expert-lay relationships facilitates the exchange of knowledge, but the way experts and lay people exchange knowledge also builds trust.

GREEN BONDS AS A NEW FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 98-102
Author(s):  
M. V. DUBROVA ◽  
◽  
N. N. ZHILINA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The Public ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Green Finance ◽  
Non Profit Organizations

The relevance of the article is determined by the fact that in Russia there is no effective mechanism of state support for the activities of non-profit organizations in the field of “green Finance”. The role of non-profit organizations is leveled, which can become a serious help in solving economic problems, in particular, the problems of recycling and processing of secondary raw materials, the placement of industrial waste and household garbage, and landscaping of large megacities. The main financial burden in the field of “green economy” falls on States and large enterprises. Meanwhile, we cannot ignore the important role of non-profit organizations that can not only draw attention to environmental problems to the public, but also offer their own measures to solve environmental problems. In this regard, it becomes relevant to consider the participation of non-profit organizations in the implementation of environmental projects by attracting “green Finance”.

POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT OF «GREEN BONDS» IN THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 119-123
Author(s):  
M. V. DUBROVA ◽  
◽  
N. N. ZHILINA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Green Finance ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
Non Profit Organizations

he relevance of the article is determined by the fact that in Russia there is no effective mechanism of state support for the activities of non-profit organizations in the field of «green Finance». The role of non-profit organizations is leveled, which can become a serious help in solving economic problems, in particular, the problems of recycling and processing of secondary raw materials, the placement of industrial waste and household garbage, and landscaping of large megacities. The main financial burden in the field of «green economy» falls on States and large enterprises. Meanwhile, we cannot ignore the important role of non-profit organizations that can not only draw attention to environmental problems to the public, but also offer their own measures to solve environmental problems. In this regard, it becomes relevant to consider the participation of non-profit organizations in the implementation of environmental projects by attracting «green Finance».

scholarly journals Towards a network-based view of effective entrepreneurial ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Scott ◽  
Mathew Hughes ◽  
Domingo Ribeiro-Soriano
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystem ◽  
Relational Development ◽  
Symbiotic Relationships ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystems ◽  
Critical Junctures ◽  
Cyclical Process ◽  
Over Time

AbstractWe conceptualize entrepreneurial ecosystems as fundamentally reliant on networks and explore how and under what conditions inter-organizational networks lead an entrepreneurial ecosystem to form and evolve. It is widely accepted that entrepreneurial ecosystems possess a variety of symbiotic relationships. Research has focused considerable efforts in refining the structure and content of resources found within these networked relationships. However, merely focusing on actor-level characterizations dilutes the notion that social relationships change and are complex. There has been little conceptual treatment of the behavioral and governance factors that underpin how quality interactions composing an entrepreneurial ecosystem develop and change over time. In response, we provide a longitudinal ethnographic study examining how ecosystems are managed and evolve in their relational configurations and governance at critical junctures. Using mixed methods and data collected over 3 years, we reveal a cyclical process of relational development central to the initiation, development, and maintenance phases of a valuable entrepreneurial ecosystem. We contribute to a conceptualization of effective ecosystems as reliant on networks, we reveal the behavior and governance characteristics at play in the entrepreneurial ecosystem during each phase of its evolution.

Making Community Work: Constructing Singapore’s Start-Up Community

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-184
Author(s):  
Zane Kripe
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Major Area ◽  
Community Work ◽  
Web Technologies ◽  
Digital Communities ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Start Ups ◽  
Self Organizing

Abstract Based on an ethnographic study of technology entrepreneurs in Singapore between 2011 and 2015, this article explores ‘community’ as an emic concept for those involved in the production of web technologies. One major area in which the concept was used was in the organization of social relationships amongst those who saw themselves as occupied with technology start-ups. However, successful applications were not free of contradictions and required significant investment. This article then takes issue with the often-implicit understanding in academic as well as popular discussions of (digital) communities as organically emerging and self-organizing. Looking at how the notion of ‘community’ operates in practice makes it apparent that in the digital economy it is applied strategically and is considered a highly productive concept in capital production and extraction.

scholarly journals Osallisena yhteisessä arjessa

2020 ◽  
pp. 115-136
Author(s):  
Minna Intke Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Language Socialization ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Local Language ◽  
Linguistic Support ◽  
Nexus Analysis ◽  
Central Tool

This paper studies what migrant mothers in Finland say about their social relationships, language use and sense of belonging. The main focus of my study is on the mothers’ stories and the factors that they consider relevant for their socialization into the local language and sense of belonging. This longitudinal ethnographic study (2012–2018) explores the case of eleven migrant mothers. The data is analyzed applying nexus analysis (Scollon & Scollon 2004). The study focuses on language socialization and languaging. In everyday contexts, language is understood as a target and it is also used as a central tool in action. The results indicate that multilingual contexts in everyday life are relevant for constructing the sense of belonging since they offer possibility to give and receive social and linguistic support.

scholarly journals Chronic Kidney Disease of Uncertain Etiology in Sri Lanka: Curing between Medicine and Traditional Culture

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Chandani Liyanage
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lay People

Chronic Kidney Disease of unknown origin (CKDu) has appeared across Sri Lanka’s North Central Province (NCP) since the 1990s as an epidemic, unexplained by conventional associated risk factors. During the past few decades, a large number of studies attempted to determine the unknown etiology of CKDu. Despite these investigations, no concrete conclusions were developed, though a number of contradictory hypotheses emerged. The present ethnographic study was carried out in two endemic areas, labelled as “CKDu hotspots”, and illuminates how curing takes place between biomedicine and traditional cultural practices. Our ethnographic study thoroughly scrutinized three decades of lived experience, lay-perceptions and local discourses on CKDu. We used a qualitative study design with a transcendental phenomenological approach and employed a mixture of ethnographic methods. Data collection techniques included participant observation, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Data was analysed by using an interpretive thematic analysis model. Findings revealed that lay people have constructed a popular discourse on CKDu, and we explored their views on the origin, etiology and prevalence of CKDu in their locality over the past few decades. Patients’ narratives revealed that there were currently a number of gaps in service delivery. These were mainly due to distant relationships between healthcare providers and CKDu patients. Lay people in affected communities were marginalized throughout the investigation process to determine the unknown etiology, their involvement marginalized to merely acting as objects for scientific instigation. The affected communities strongly believed that CKDu was a recent phenomenon resulting from the mismanagement of the natural environment due to social and lifestyle changes. These findings highlight local dynamics of healthcare seeking behaviours which demand complementary medicine system, particularly given the number of limitations in the biomedical system. Empirical evidence generated from this study suggests a conceptual shift to an ethno-medical model to address CKDu. Improving cultural competency and communication skills among healthcare providers in public health are crucial in order to apply a “bio-psychosocial perspective” in healthcare delivery system and bridging the gap between hospital and the community.

Snack market on the playground: an ethnography of trade patterns of snacks among French children

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Géraldine Comoretto
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
School Food ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sweet Food ◽  
Children’S Behaviour ◽  
Observation Period

Purpose – This study investigates a particular food practice which takes place in the playground at school: the afternoon snack. During this special moment, children are free to share and swap their snacks, according to their affinities. The study aims to demonstrate how this food consumption is part of the process of children's socialization. Design/methodology/approach – This paper relies on an ethnographic study of children's behaviour during snack time. Two primary schools representing two different social backgrounds are compared. Pupils are aged from six to ten years. The systematic review of children's snacks during a three-month observation period in each school allowed the author to transform the qualitative observations into quantitative data. Findings – The trading of snacks between children gives rise to entire networks, strategies of exchange and sometimes even snacks theft. The food exchanges act as an indicator of social relationships between the kids. In this regard, snack time teaches us even more about children's behavior and socialization. There are two reasons for that, the first one is that the products consumed are chosen, either by the parents or the children themselves and has nothing to do with the lunch served by the school. The second one is that it is a particularly pleasant moment for them, as it is a time for sweet food shared with their peers. Research limitations/implications – This is a limited monograph of the snacking behaviour of 20 children with the highest attendance to afterschool study. Originality/value – The originality of that study is to focus on a space-time and a school food practice that are not often investigated by researchers.

scholarly journals Impact of Technical Intervention on Profitability of Village Based Medium Scaled Broiler Enterprise in Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Jaim ◽  
MN Islam
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
High Participation ◽  
The Impact

In Bangladesh the majority of the population, particularly the rural people are poverty stricken. This study assesses the possibility of addressing poverty through an advanced technology of broiler rearing model which ensures high participation of rural women, protects the environment and secures from harmful or unnecessary residual effects on human health. Bangladesh Rural Enterprise and Agricultural Project-II (BREAD-II) of Winrock International, a non-profit organization has introduced this model. The present study focuses on the impact of this model on rural household income through comparing profitability of broiler farms adopting this model compared to those of non-adopters. This comparative study confirmed higher profit of BREAD-II Model of broiler rearing which eventually indicates that it can be considered as an effective tool for poverty alleviation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v19i1.17365 Progress. Agric. 19(1): 143 - 153, 2008 

Lay Knowledge of Ecosystem Services in Rural Eastern Cape Province, South Africa: Implications for Intervention Program Planning

2019 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 1940001
Author(s):  
Chenai Murata ◽  
Sukhmani Mantel ◽  
Chris de Wet ◽  
Anthony R Palmer
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Program Planning ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Eastern Cape Province ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Lay Knowledge ◽  
Lay People

The ecosystem service concept is a new scientific construct that was coined to lay bare the contribution that nature makes to human well-being. Besides playing an epistemic role (expanding ecological knowledge), the concept is pedagogical in that it seeks to emphasize the need to conserve nature among resource managers and resource users. The growth of ecosystem service literature since the 1980s has been moved by a largely scientific debate that seeks to disambiguate ecological functions from services, develop appropriate resource accounting techniques and critique the concept as a neoliberal construct. Conclusions reached in these debates are used to guide intervention programs such as payment for ecosystem services (PES), but knowledge of the rural people on whose landscapes the programs are implemented seldom features in the debates. Local communities rely on lay ecological knowledge to interpret and interact with nature. The question we have in mind is thus: In the context of South Africa’s chequered history of racialized conservation and top-down development intervention programs, what is the likelihood of success of exclusively scientific ecosystem service programs? We pose this question while aware that the relationship between science and other knowledge systems is more complementary than dichotomous. However, some features make the two work differently from each other. We selected two villages of Mgwalana and Mahlungulu in Eastern Cape Province of South Africa to investigate lay knowledge of ecosystem services. We make an argument for implications of these findings on planning of intervention programs. We used a mixed methods approach that involved two rounds of data collection. The first was a quantitative survey with 33 respondents. The second round involved in-depth interviews with 17 respondents. The study found that lay people understand ecosystem services in significantly different ways to scientists. While they easily recognize provisional and cultural, lay people are not familiar with regulatory and supporting ecosystem services and classification of services into groups confuses them. Messages foregrounded in these findings have potential to both expand the ecosystem service knowledge and attract stakeholder cooperation in intervention programs.

Debt/credit, money and social relationships in the underground credit markets of Soweto, South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-429
Author(s):  
Detlev Krige
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Credit Markets ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Wage Work ◽  
Social Fields

This article engages with contemporary debates about debt and money from the vantage point of an ethnographic study of unregulated, small-scale moneylending business who continues to operate in the township of Soweto’s poorer neighbourhoods. Following Peebles’ argument that reading poor people’s unwillingness to bank with formal institutions as a sign of ignorance is unwarranted, this article describes persistent dynamics of underground credit markets and personalized credit relationships, demonstrating how the practice of ukumashonisa (extending cash money as credit) by neighbourhood lenders are embedded in social fields shared by lenders and borrowers. This article further demonstrates how the vilification of the figure of the township moneylender ( mashonisa) by a broad coalition of civil society groups, trade unions, the state and commercial financial institutions, assisted in the financialization of poor people’s monies. This public consensus about the depravity of the neighbourhood moneylender is not shared by all Sowetans, especially poor and unemployed Sowetans who have been pushed into a greater dependency on both money and intense personalized social relationships as they try to survive. Seeking out personalized credit relationships, and turning debt transactions, contracts and relationships with local moneylenders into exchanges that take on the appearance of gifts rather than commodity exchanges, continues to remain a strategy for people who are no longer able to count on stable wage work as their primary source of income.

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