scholarly journals When the last child moves out: Continuity and convergence in spouses' housework time

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Schulz ◽  
Marcel Raab
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Housework Time ◽  
Parental Time ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Fixed Effects Regression

Objective: To examine how mothers’ and fathers’ time allocation for housework changes during the transition to postparenthood, i.e. when the last child moves out of their family households. Background: When the last child moves out, parental households are sized back to the situation before parenthood. Mothers and fathers are released from their direct parenting roles and parental time binds. This transition creates a context in which individual and coupled time allocation are likely to be rearranged. Methods: Changes in mothers’ and fathers’ housework time and mothers’ shares of total housework time were estimated using longitudinal fixed effects regression models, using data from the German Socio-economic Panel Study (1985-2019) on 1,004 households experiencing the transition to postparenthood. Results: Mothers’ time for housework declined by 11 minutes in the years before and by further 7 minutes per day at the transition to postparenthood, whereas fathers’ time declined by 6 minutes in the year after the last child has moved out of the parental household. Mothers’ share of total housework time remained constant around 72-75 percent around postparenthood. Analyses for different groups and specific tasks revealed no variations in the gendered trajectories of housework time. In general, mothers continued to do the majority of housework despite some slight convergence. Conclusion: The transition to postparenthood contributes slightly to the life-course convergence of housework time and thus, similar to all major life-course transitions following the birth of children, tends to reduce housework inequality in couples.

scholarly journals Religious Heterogamy and the Intergenerational Transmission of Religion: A Cross-National Analysis

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian McPhail
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
National Level ◽  
Religious Attendance ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Fixed Effects Regression ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cross National

This study examines the effect of religious heterogamy on the transmission of religion from one generation to the next. Using data from 37 countries in the 2008 Religion III Module of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP), I conduct a cross-national analysis of the relationship between parents’ religious heterogamy and their adult childrens’ religious lives. By estimating fixed effects regression models, I adjust for national-level confounders to examine patterns of association between having interreligious parents during childhood and level of adult religiosity as measured by self-rated religiousness, belief in God, and frequencies of religious attendance and prayer. The results indicate that having religiously heterogamous parents or parents with dissimilar religious attendance patterns are both associated with lower overall religiosity in respondents. Parents’ religious attendance, however, mediates the relationship when each parent has a different religion. Having one unaffiliated parent is associated with lower religiosity regardless of parents’ levels of religious attendance. The negative impact of parents’ religious heterogamy on religious inheritance is independent of national-level factors and has implications for anticipating changes in the religious landscapes of societies characterized by religious diversity and growing numbers of interreligious marriages.

Impact of Wife's Employment upon Husband's Housework

1982 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHARON Y. NICKOLS ◽  
EDWARD J. METZEN
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Economic Consideration ◽  
Intact Families ◽  
Housework Time ◽  
Allocation Of Time ◽  
Force Time ◽  
Traditional Pattern ◽  
The Relationship

The allocation of time is recognized as a major economic consideration for families. Analysis of longitudinal data on time use offers a fruitful method for examining change and/or stability in roles of husbands and wives. In this panel study of 1156 intact families, time allocation to housework and employment by husbands and wives follows a traditional pattern, with wives spending most time in housework and husbands spending most time in employment. Cross-lag analysis is used to examine the relationship between wife's labor force time allocation and husband's housework time. Basic patterns of time allocation predominate over the 6 years, with wife's employment time having very little impact on husband's housework time. Implications for families and for social policy are discussed.

scholarly journals The Interplay of Having an Abortion, Relationship Satisfaction, and Union Dissolution

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Hajek
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Union Dissolution ◽  
Prospective Data ◽  
Causal Mechanisms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Fixed Effects Regression

This study researches the associations between having an abortion, relationship satisfaction, and union dissolution. Empirical evidence on this topic is scarce, and there is a pronounced lack of studies analysing longitudinal data: Most previous studies have used data from women recruited from abortion clinics who are about to undergo an abortion, and therefore do not incorporate a prospective measure of relationship satisfaction pre-pregnancy. Panel studies, on the other hand, collect prospective data on various topics and allow for the estimation of more advanced models that can help identify causal mechanisms. Using data from the German Family Panel pairfam in combination with pooled logistic regressions, discrete-time event history models, as well as fixed effects regression models, this study compares relationships up to nine years before having had an abortion and eight years afterwards. The findings of the analyses can neither confirm that relationship satisfaction acts as a confounding factor that influences both the likelihood of terminating a pregnancy and union dissolution, nor as a mediating factor between having an abortion and union dissolution. A negative effect of having an abortion on relationship satisfaction appears to be only temporary. In the year of an abortion, relationship satisfaction decreases slightly. In the following years, a significant difference in relationship satisfaction to pre-abortion years is no longer visible. By using panel data, the temporal order of events can be retraced, resulting in the discovery that relationship satisfaction and union dissolution do not change drastically from pre-abortion values after having an abortion. * This article belongs to a special issue on "Identification of causal mechanisms in demographic research: The contribution of panel data".

scholarly journals Long Term Effects of Job Displacement. Paper presented at the 2010 American Sociological Association Annual Meeting.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J Moehr
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Job Displacement ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Fixed Effects Models ◽  
Worker Characteristics ◽  
Using Data

This paper replicates and extends Stevens’s (1997) analysis of the long-term effects of job displacements. Using data from the 1968-2005 waves of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, I estimate fixed-effects models which show that there are long term decreases in earnings after displacements. The decreases are mediated when longer follow up data is used for individuals. Changes in the labor market have also shifted the relationship between displacements and individual worker characteristics. Specifically, education and experience have become more important then displacements. Conclusions are based on an analysis of the different people in the 40 years of PSID data and the structural changes in the labor market over that time. This article suggests that longitudinal data and fixed-effects models are one of many ways to conceptualize labor market changes.

scholarly journals The Marriage Wealth Premium Revisited

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp M. Lersch
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Housing Wealth ◽  
Economic Wealth ◽  
Personal Wealth ◽  
Fixed Effects Regression ◽  
New Evidence

This study examines the association between marriage and economic wealth of women and men. Going beyond previous research, which focused on household wealth, I examine personal wealth which allows identifying gender disparities in the association between marriage and wealth. Using unique data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (2002, 2007, 2012), I apply random-effects and fixed-effects regression models to test my expectations. I find that both, women and men, experience substantial marriage wealth premiums not only in household but also in personal wealth. I do not find consistent evidence for gender disparities in these general marriage premiums. Additional analyses indicate, however, that women’s marriage premiums are substantially lower than men’s premiums in older cohorts and when only considering non-housing wealth. Overall, this study provides new evidence that women and men gain unequally in their wealth attainment through marriage.

scholarly journals From Partisan Media to Misperception: Affective Polarization as Mediator

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 490-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Kelly Garrett ◽  
Jacob A Long ◽  
Min Seon Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Major Party ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Presidential Candidates ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Conservative Media ◽  
Fixed Effects Regression

Abstract This article provides evidence that affective polarization is an important mechanism linking conservative media use to political misperceptions. Partisan media’s potential to polarize is well documented, and there are numerous ways in which hostility toward political opponents might promote the endorsement of inaccurate beliefs. We test this mediated model using data collected via nationally representative surveys conducted during two recent U.S. presidential elections. Fixed effects regression models using three-wave panel data collected in 2012 provide evidence that conservative media exposure contributes to more polarized feelings toward major-party presidential candidates, and this growing favorability gap is associated with misperceptions critical of the Democrats. Further, these effects are more pronounced among Republicans than among Democrats. Cross-sectional analyses using data collected in 2016 provide additional evidence of the mediated relationship. The theoretical and real-world significance of these results are discussed.

scholarly journals Health and Housework in Later Life: A Longitudinal Study of Retired Couples

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Leopold ◽  
Florian Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Fixed Effects Models ◽  
Housework Time ◽  
Domestic Outsourcing

Abstract Objectives To examine how changes in wives’ and husbands’ health influenced housework time and domestic outsourcing in retired couples. Method We estimated fixed-effects models to test hypotheses about the gendered influence of health declines on absolute and relative measures of time spent on routine and nonroutine housework as well as the probability of outsourcing housework. The data were obtained from 23 waves of the German Socio-Economic Panel Study, comprising N = 25,119 annual observations of N = 3,889 retired couples aged 60–85 years. Results Wives’ and husbands’ housework time declined with health status, but these effects were large only for serious health problems. We found evidence for within-couple compensation of spouses’ health declines, a mechanism that was limited to indispensable tasks of routine housework. The probability of getting paid help from outside the household increased with declining health, and this increase was more strongly tied to wives’ health declines than to husbands’ health declines. Discussion The results demonstrate the relevance of health status for the performance of housework in retired couples. The evidence attests to the resilience of couples during later-life stages in which health issues may severely inhibit domestic productivity.

scholarly journals PATHWAYS INTO CHILDLESSNESS: EVIDENCE OF GENDERED LIFE COURSE DYNAMICS

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 863-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
RENSKE KEIZER ◽  
PEARL A. DYKSTRA ◽  
MIRANDA D. JANSEN
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Using Data

SummaryUsing data from the first wave of the Netherlands Kinship Panel Study (NKPS) for 2867 women and 2195 men aged 40 to 79, this study examines to what extent educational, employment and marital pathways shape the likelihood of remaining childless, and whether these pathways are gendered. The findings indicate that women and men have distinctive pathways into childlessness. Educational attainment increases the likelihood of remaining childless among women only. A stable career increases the likelihood of remaining childless among women, but it increases the likelihood of entering fatherhood. Years without a partner is positively associated with childlessness among both women and men. Not having had a partnership and having had multiple partnerships are strong determinants of childlessness, especially among men.

Rurality Versus Readiness: The Relationship Between State-Level Connection and Capacity Variables and the Management of Medical Stockpiles for a Public Health Emergency

2021 ◽  
pp. 0160323X2110613
Author(s):  
Nathan Myers
Keyword(s):  
Rural Population ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
State Level ◽  
Segregation Index ◽  
Social Associations ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Fixed Effects Regression ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Political Variables ◽  
Medical Countermeasures

This study investigates what factors contributed to the score a state received for managing its medical countermeasures stockpile pre-COVID-19. It is particularly interested in the relationship between a state’s level of rural population and its countermeasure management capacity. A fixed-effects regression analysis was run using data from 2016 to 2019 to test for a relationship between the percentage of rural population in a state and the states’ countermeasures management score, while controlling for other relevant social, economic, and political variables such as level of social associations, the segregation index, and the level of income inequality. Rurality and physicians per capita proved to be significant and negative. A subsequent analysis found that states with higher levels of rural populations have lower levels of COVID-19 vaccinations, even accounting for effective countermeasure management. This points to rural states having challenges in regard to medical countermeasures that cannot be completely solved with technocratic solutions.

scholarly journals Soziale Netzwerke Langzeitarbeitsloser und die Aufnahme einer Erwerbstätigkeit

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Krug ◽  
Christof Wolf ◽  
Mark Trappmann
Keyword(s):  
Job Search ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Soziale Netzwerke ◽  
Network Resources ◽  
Fixed Effects Regression ◽  
Time Invariant ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
Soziale Sicherung

(English below)Dieser Beitrag geht der Frage nach, ob die sozialen Netzwerke von Arbeitslosen deren Chancen zur Aufnahme einer Erwerbstätigkeit positiv beeinflussen. Ausgehend von in der aktuellen Literatur diskutierten Wirkmechanismen werden mehrere Hypothesen zu unterschiedlichen Aspekten des Netzwerks aufgestellt. Es wird angenommen, dass Arbeitslose umso eher in Arbeit kommen, je größer der Umfang ihrer (starken und schwachen) sozialen Beziehungen ist, je mehr Kontakt zu Erwerbstätigen sie haben und je mehr Ressourcen ihr Netzwerk enthält. Auf Basis des Panels „Arbeitsmarkt und soziale Sicherung“ mit dem Schwerpunktmodul zu sozialem Kapital werden diese Hypothesen anhand einer Fixed-Effects Panelregression getestet. Wird für alle zeitkonstanten so-wie für einschlägige zeitvariante Variablen kontrolliert, erweisen sich schwache Beziehungen, gemessen als aktive Mitgliedschaften in freiwilligen Vereinigungen, sowie der Umfang nicht unmittelbar auf die Stellensuche bezogener sozialer Ressourcen als bedeutsam für die Arbeitsmarktchancen. Der Beitrag endet mit einer Diskussion dieser Befunde. This paper examines whether the social networks of unemployed people have a positive impact on their re-employment chances. Hypotheses are derived from the literature, concerning different aspects of the network. We hypothesize that the more (strong and weak) social ties, the more em-ployed friends the unemployed have and the more resources there are in their network, the higher their chances for re-employment. We use data from the Panel Study “Labour Market and Social Security” (Panel “Arbeitsmarkt und soziale Sicherung”), where comprehensive information on the unemployed persons’ networks is available. We use fixed-effects regression to control for observed time-variant and unobserved time-invariant confounders. We find weak ties in the form of active memberships in voluntary organisations as well as network resources that are not directly related to job search to be significantly related to re-employment. The implications of this finding are discussed.

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