Gender disparities in Unpaid Household care labour: An Economic Estimate from Rural South India.

Worldwide women spend 4.5 hours daily on unpaid work while men spend about half of that time. The study aimed to estimate the time spent by both men and women on the various types of unpaid care labour find the economic estimates of unpaid labour. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 3 months in 2020 in the rural area of South India. 360 study participants of 15 -60 years were recruited using simple random sampling and enquired for the time spent on care activities using time use survey . Cumulative hours spent per year and its economic estimate was calculated using Oxfam global care calculator. Female participants did significantly higher hours of unpaid care (3596.5 hrs) as compared to male participants (2938.3 hours) (p <0.05). Economic estimates of unpaid care per year were significantly higher (INR 103641.8) for females as compared to males (INR 84610) (p< 0.005). The policy makers and administrators should develop policies which recognise, reduce, redistribute and represent unpaid labour work.

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Is stress an important co morbid factor for hypertension among legal professionals

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20181695 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 1899

Author(s):

L. Kannan ◽

Praveena P.

Keyword(s):

High Stress ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

District Court ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Legal Professionals ◽

The Difference ◽

The Right ◽

Study Participants

Background: Stress is a mental, physical and emotional response to life demands. Long hours of work, client demands, changing laws- creates stress and eventually hypertension among advocates. Well-being of the advocates are being questioned. Hence the main objective of the study is to evaluate the relationship between stress and hypertension among practising advocates.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 300 practising advocates at Madurai district court for a period of 1 year by simple random sampling method.Results: Around 133 (44.33%) and 167 (55.66%) of study participants were in level of high stress and low stress respectively. Among high stressed participants, a majority of 113 (84.96%) were found to be hypertensives and among the low stressed participants only 10 (5.98%) were hypertensives. The difference of observation was found to be statistically significant (p=0.0000).Conclusions: In conclusion the study explains that practising advocates with high perceived stress 113 (84.96%) were found to be hypertensives. Stress has a significant association with hypertension. The right way to manage stress is to implement coping strategies.

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A study on associated risks of smoking, alcohol and smokeless tobacco on hypertension among advocates

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20195454 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (12) ◽

pp. 5114

Author(s):

Shanthi Edward ◽

Praveena Periasamy

Keyword(s):

Life Style ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

District Court ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Healthy Life ◽

Healthy Life Style ◽

Study Participants

Background: Advocates, being stressed out and depressed in the law profession due to unstable work pattern, work overload and lack in coping up skills. They thrive a lot to survive in the profession. In such circumstances, lawyers may lean on alcohol or tobacco. In view of above issues, one of the main objectives of the study is to evaluate the association between use of alcohol, tobacco, smoking and hypertension among practising advocates.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 300 practising advocates at Madurai district court for a period of 1 year by simple random sampling method. Data was collected using structured interview schedule and analysed using SPSS.Results: Around 263 (87.66%) study participants were non-smokers and 37 (12.33%) were tobacco smokers. Among the tobacco smokers, a majority of 24 (64.86%) were found to be hypertensives (p=0.002). In the current study among the alcohol consumers, a majority of 26 (55.32%) were hypertensives and among the non-consumers of alcohol, only 38.34% were hypertensives (p=0.044).Conclusions: Advocates being professionals are well educated, informative and aware of complications. Adoption of healthy life style practices, the prevalence of hypertension may be reduced among the advocate community. Life style modifications such as cessation of smoking, alcohol and tobacco should be adopted. Promotive activities like arrangement of health camps in the court, health education, counselling on self-care, stress bursting leisure time activities would reduce the dependency on tobacco and alcohol.

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Prevalence and Visual Outcomes of Cataract Surgery in Rural South India: A Cross-Sectional Study

Ophthalmic Epidemiology ◽

10.1080/09286586.2016.1212991 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (5) ◽

pp. 309-315 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

P. Paul ◽

T. Kuriakose ◽

J. John ◽

R. Raju ◽

K. George ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cataract Surgery ◽

South India ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Rural South ◽

Visual Outcomes

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Burnout among medical students of a medical college in Kathmandu; A cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0253808 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. e0253808

Author(s):

Dhan Bahadur Shrestha ◽

Nagendra Katuwal ◽

Ayush Tamang ◽

Agrima Paudel ◽

Anu Gautam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Study Participants

Background Medical students are more prone to burnout than the general population and students of other faculties due to the demanding nature of medical education with limited time and resources. Burnout has a negative impact on the academics and personal life of the students which can continue into their professional life and ultimately hamper patient care. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of burnout among medical students of a medical college and find its association with age, gender, and year of study. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students of a medical college in Kathmandu, Nepal from 14 January to 7 March, 2021. Stratified sampling followed by a simple random sampling technique was employed to select study participants. Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire using the English version of the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory adapted for students (OLBI-S) and analyzed in STATA version 15. Results The prevalence of burnout was found out to be 65.9% (n = 229). And of the remaining, 12.7% were exhausted, 11.4% were disengaged and 10.0% were neither exhausted nor disengaged. Burnout had no significant association with age in years, gender, and year of study. Conclusions This study shows an alarming prevalence of burnout in almost two-thirds of medical students. These results indicate the necessity of employing effective strategies by relevant authorities for the mental well-being of future physicians. Further multicenter prospective studies are required for a better understanding of the prevalence and associated factors of burnout.

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Socio-cultural barriers for menstrual hygiene management among adolescent school girls of southern India

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20211247 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 1868

Author(s):

Logeswari K. ◽

Jeram Parmar ◽

Deodatt M. Suryawanshi

Keyword(s):

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Educational Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cultural Barriers ◽

Indian Society ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Menstrual Hygiene ◽

The Social ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Study Participants

Background: India is home to 20% of the world’s adolescent population, with 1 in 10 children currently experiencing puberty. Menstruation, a physiological process in females is influenced not only by race, nutrition and heredity but also by the socio-cultural milieu. In Indian society, the social and cultural restrictions influence the knowledge, attitudes and the practices of adolescent girls towards menstrual hygiene. The present study was carried out to find out the level of knowledge, attitude and practice and the restrictions they face during the process of menstruation.Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study where 489 adolescent school going females of the age group of 13-15 were recruited using simple random sampling from a cluster of schools and interviewed using a semi structured questionnaire for their knowledge, attitudes, practices and the restrictions they face during menstruation. A scoring system was adopted and categorised as poor, average and good.Results: 423 (88.6%) participants demonstrated average to poor knowledge scores, while 279 (57.1%) participants demonstrated average to poor practice scores. There was a significant difference observed between the educational status of mother (p=0.041) and the knowledge scores of study participants. There was no correlation observed between the monthly per capita income of households and the knowledge (r=0.097) and practice scores (r=0.0034). 375 (76%) study participants faced multiple restrictions during menstruation like not allowed to pray or visit temples (93.6%), total seclusion (74.6%), wash clothes separately (74.6%), sleep on floor (74.6%), restriction on leisure (70.4%), eat out of separate utensils (70.4%), and restriction on consumption of food items (49.8%).Conclusions: Knowledge and practices regarding menstrual hygiene was low among study participants and was influenced by various prevalent socio-cultural restrictions.

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Effectiveness of the psychoeducation module for screened positive cases of depression among elderly females in rural South India, a Quasi experimental study

10.21203/rs.2.13047/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Anushree Puttur ◽

Chythra R Rao

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

South India ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Health Seeking ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Rural South ◽

Health Seeking Behavior ◽

Seeking Behavior ◽

Quasi Experimental

Abstract Background: With the increasing population of geriatric women in India, it has become more necessary to identify morbidities in this population as well as potential interventions to treat them. In this study, we estimate the prevalence of depression in geriatric women living in a district in rural South India, and evaluate the effectiveness of a psycho education on improving knowledge and awareness on depression. Methods: This cross sectional study was performed among 218 females above the age of 60 years in rural areas who were interviewed using Beck’s Depression Inventory and evaluated for depression. A questionnaire was then administered to assess knowledge and attitudes regarding depression once prior to and once after the psychoeducation module was presented to assess the effectiveness of the module. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify key variables that predisposed participants for depression as well as those variables that affected the effectiveness of the psychoeducation module. Results: The study showed 31.7% of the participants to have depression using Beck’s Depression Inventory. Low education status [ AOR: 5.95(1.04-34.10), p = 0.04], decreased social interactions [AOR: 10.97 (1.43-84.13), p = .02.], daily concerns regarding health [AO: R5.09 (1.031-25.10), p = 0.05), loans to settle [AOR: 18.55(2.65-129.64), p = 0.003] and poor sleep quality [AOR:94.82 (13.97-643.72, p < .001] were positively correlated with the presence of depression. Of those participants diagnosed with depression, the psychoeducation module was less effective in those who engaged in hobbies/social activities, had good relationships with family and had concerns about their health. Conclusion: Of those interviewed, one-third were estimated to have depression. Administration of a psycho-education was seen to reduce stigma and improve health-seeking behavior. As this stigma is particularly pervasive in geriatric women in rural south India, population specific interventions need to be identified in order to improve knowledge and health seeking behavior. Keywords: Depression, Elderly, Rural India, Women, Geriatric, Psychoeducation, Intervention

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Magnitude And Associated Factors Of Delayed Immunization Among Children Aged11 -23 Months In Edagahamus Town, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2018

10.21203/rs.2.11295/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Merhawit Gebremeskel Hagos ◽

Teferi Gebru Gebremeskel ◽

Selam Shushay Kassahun ◽

Birhane Hailu Gebrezgi ◽

Manay Kifle Woldegebriel

Keyword(s):

Associated Factors ◽

Tertiary Education ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Disease Epidemics ◽

Study Participants

Abstract Background Delay in receiving immunization is a major public health problem that has been associated with vaccine preventable disease epidemics. In Ethiopia, many children have not received the benefits of age appropriate immunization; thus more than 90% of child deaths are largely due to preventable communicable diseases. Therefore, assessment of magnitude and associated factors of delayed child immunization is essential to prevent morbidity and mortality among children. Objective To assess magnitude and factors associated with delayed immunization among 11 -23 months old children in Edagahamus Town, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2018 G.C. Method and materials A community based Cross-Sectional study was carried out on July1-30, 2018. Simple random sampling method was used to select study participants. Information was collected using structured, pre-tested questionnaire. Vaccination dates were obtained from children immunization cards and timeliness assessed based on the recommended age ranges. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Variable with P-value < 0.2 in bivariatewere exported to multivariate. The strength of association was identified using odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) and P-value of <0.05 in multivariate was taken statistically significant. Results In this study the overall magnitude of delayed immunization was29.5%(95%CI 26.7-45). Private firm work of mothers(AOR=0.205 95% CI 0.068-0.617), sickness of the child(AOR= 11.8, 95% CI 6.16-22.65), Mothers who attend tertiary education (AOR 0.169, 95% CI 0.032-0.882) and secondary education (AOR 0.269, 95% CI 0.114-0.636) were significantly associated with delayed immunization. Conclusion From the study it is concluded that the magnitude of delayed immunization for children aged 12-23 months is high (29.5%) in Edagahamus. Delayed immunizations of children were predicted by Mother’s occupation, education and experience of illness of the child.

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