scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and anticonvulsant activity of Sargassum ilicifolium (brown algae) in mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Subhash R Yende ◽  
◽  
Uday N Harle ◽  
Sumit K Arora ◽  
Vipinchandra B Pande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Area ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Phytochemical Screening

Sargassum ilicifolium (SI) is a tropical and subtropical marine macroalgae (brown algae) found in coastal area of India. Thais study investigated the anticonvulsant activity of SI in maximal electroshock (MES) induced convulsion and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced convulsion in mice. The result of present study indicated that chloroform extract (600 mg/kg) and ethanol extract (400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg) of SI significantly decreased the duration of tonic hind limb extension in MES model, as well as it significantly increased the latency to onset of convulsions in PTZ model. These results were comparatively similar with the effect of phenytoin (25 mg/kg) and phenobarbitone (20 mg/kg). This activity may be due to the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, steroids and saponin in chloroform and ethanol extract of Sargassum ilicifolium. However, further research will be necessary to investigate the exact mechanism underlying this anticonvulsant activity

scholarly journals Anticonvulsant Effects of Aerial Parts of Verbena officinalis Extract in Mice: Involvement of Benzodiazepine and Opioid Receptors

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 632-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Rashidian ◽  
Fatemeh Kazemi ◽  
Saeed Mehrzadi ◽  
Ahmad Reza Dehpour ◽  
Shahram Ejtemai Mehr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Mes Test ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Tonic Extension ◽  
Dose Dependent

To evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of the aerial parts of Verbena officinalis used traditionally by local Iranians for the treatment of convulsion. The anticonvulsant activity of the extract was assessed in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and maximal electroshock (MES) induced seizures in mice. Diazepam was used as reference drug. In addition, for investigating the mechanism of V officinalis in PTZ model, flumazenil and naloxone were injected before V officinalis. The extract showed no toxicity and significantly increased the period taken before the onset and decreased the duration of the seizures induced by PTZ. In the MES test, V officinalis displayed significant reduction in hind limb tonic extension duration in a dose-dependent manner. The results propose that V officinalis ethanolic extract has anticonvulsant activity against seizure. It seems that these effects may be related to potentiating of GABAergic system. Moreover, this study supports the use of this plant by local Iranians in order to treat convulsion.

scholarly journals To evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera (drumstick leaves) in albino mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 2491
Author(s):  
Sushma V. Naidu ◽  
Harsha R. ◽  
Jyothsnya S.
Keyword(s):  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
P Value ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Maximal Electroshock Seizure ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Albino Mice

Background: To evaluate the anti-convulsant activity of ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera (Drum stick leaves) in seizure induced albino mice and to compare it with standard drug Sodium valproate.Methods: Swiss albino mice of either sex weighing around 25-30g were randomly selected and divided into four groups of six mice each. Group 1: control- treated with gum acacia. Group 2: Standard - Valproic acid 40mg/kg body weight. Group 3: T1- ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera (150mg/kg). Group 4: T2 - ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera (300mg/kg). All drugs were administered orally one hour prior to induction of seizure. The anticonvulsant activity was screened using maximal electroshock seizure (MES) model and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) model.Results: Results were analysed by ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test. Abolition of Tonic hind limb extension was taken as the protective end point against MES induced seizures and prolongation of seizure latency in PTZ model.At both the doses the ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera significantly (p value <0.05) reduced the duration of hind limb extension in MES test and also significantly (p value <0.05) delayed the onset of clonic seizures in PTZ induced convulsion when compared with control group.Conclusions: On comparing the percentage protection offered by Moringa oleifera leaves against both MES and PTZ model, it possesses significant anticonvulsant activity at both doses, with more efficacy at 300mg/kg BW indicating that the test drug can prove a very promising drug for treatment of epilepsy. Further studies are required for isolation and identification of the active constituent.

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of stem extract of Coleus forskohlii L. collected from Al-Baha Area, Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 078-086
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz Yahya Al-Ghamdi
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Screening

This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical screening, total phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Coleus forskohlii L. stem extract in Al-Baha area, Saudi Arabia. Stem samples were collected from Al-Baha area and air-dried followed by extraction with ethanol, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. The extracts were then subjected to phytochemical screening, determination of total phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Results showed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, steroids, saponins, and reducing sugars. Total phenolic content was significantly (P<0.001) higher in n-butanol extract (274.33±3.29 mg GAE/gm), followed by ethyl acetate extract (182.94±1.82 mg GAE/gm), ethanol extract (79.63±2.02 mg GAE/gm) and petroleum ether extract (73.38±3.07 mg GAE/gm), while the lowest content was in chloroform extract (60.06±2.12 mg GAE/gm). The antioxidant activity was significantly (P<0.001) higher in n-butanol extract (67.68±1.55%), followed by ethyl acetate extract (43.38±1.27%), ethanol extract (36.02±1.29%), petroleum ether extract (20.71±0.59%) and chloroform extract (19.73±0.74%). The antimicrobial activity showed that all microorganisms tested were resistant at the concentration of 25 and 50 mg/ml of plant extracts, whereas the concentrations of 100, 150 and 200 mg/ml showed varying activities against gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus) and Candida albicans. The study concluded that the stem extracts of C. forskohlli have promising pharmacological and biological activities that could be beneficial in pharmaceutical as well as food and medicinal industries.

MICROSCOPIC AND PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (06) ◽  
pp. 65-68
Author(s):  
N. K Choudhary ◽  
◽  
S. Sharma ◽  
S. Goyal ◽  
J. Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Calotropis Gigantea ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation

In traditional system of medicine, Calotropis gigantea (Akra) has been used for treatment of various diseases. Since, there is no proper information regarding pharmacognostic parameters of flowers of this plant, our efforts were devoted to study the microscopical characters and phytochemical study of flowers of this plant. Microscopic evaluation of gynostegium, sepal/ calyx, petal, ovary and pedicel were undertaken, determination of ash and extractive values, phytochemical screening and TLC for presence of triterpenoids. The microscopic characterization of the parts of the flower i.e. gynostegium, sepal/ calyx, petal, ovary and pedicel of Calotropis gigantea was performed. The physicochemical characterization‘s gave ash values (total ash: 18.60; acid insoluble ash: 5.46; water soluble ash; 13.50) and extraction with petroleum ether, chloroform and 90% ethanol extract gave 2.4, 3.9 and 2.1% w/w, respectively. TLC of chloroform extract showed the presence of triterpenoids. The microscopic study of the flower of Calotropis gigantea give us the foot prints for further study with the presence of triterpenoids in the flowers.

scholarly journals SOSIALISASI POTENSI LOKAL ACEH BARAT MELALUI PEMANFAATAN ALGA COKELAT (Sargassum sp) KEPADA MASYARAKAT PESISIR DI PANTAI LHOK BUBON ACEH BARAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Gazali ◽  
Zuriat Zuriat
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Area ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Brown Alga ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Community Group ◽  
Coastal Community ◽  
Marine Macroalga

Indonesia is the biggest archipelago state that have high marine biodiversity. One of the marine biodiversity that have bright prospect in the future are marine macroalgae. Marine macroalgae have distributed widely in the coastal area of Indonesia especially West South Aceh. Marine macroalga have distributed in the West South Aceh. Marine macroalgae are consist of three classes namely Rhodophyta, Phaeophyta dan Chlorophyta classes. One of the marine macroalgae that have important economical value is brown algae (Sargassum sp). However, the utilization of brown algae (Sargassum sp) has not yet optimal. It is caused by lack of knowledge and skill related marine macroalgae processing. Therefore, the researcher has conducted the activity of empowering community at Lhok Bubon Coastal area. The conducting method of the activity of empowering community including survey of brown alga’s site, the socialization of brown alga utilization and forming the coastal community group. The result that reached in conducting empowering community was the enhanching of knowledge and skill of coastal community. The conducting of empowering community were acknowledged by coastal community of Lhok Bubon. Their hope are how to process the brown alga in order to give value added for local community prosperity.

scholarly journals Solvent Extraction and Phytochemical Screening of Seeds, Coats, Pods and Leaves of Moringa Plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Plant Samples ◽  
Bioactive Ingredients

The potency of six different solvents in extracting phytochemicals from the seeds, coats, pods and leaves of moringa plant was investigated. The seeds, coats, pods and leaves of the plant were cut into smaller pieces, air-dried, ground into powdery sample, sieved with 40 mm mesh size and properly labelled. Each sample was individually extracted using six different solvents (methanol, ethanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, water and acetone) at ratio 1: 10 for 72 h. Each solvent extract was screened for twelve phytochemicals (alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, cardiac glycoside, reducing sugar, tannin, quinone, volatile oil, phenol, terpenoid, phlobatannin and steroid). It was observed that the seeds and leaves of moringa plant were richest in phytochemicals followed by moringa pods and the least was in moringa coat. In all the six solvents used, thirty-four bioactive ingredients were detected in seeds and leaves of moringa plant while twenty-eight phytochemicals were obtained in moringa pods and twenty-one bioactive ingredients were gotten from moringa coats. In all the plant samples, twenty-three bioactive ingredient were detected in ethanol extract; twenty-one were obtained in each of acetone, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts; water extract had sixteen phytochemicals and chloroform extract had fifteen bioactive ingredients. Among the solvents used for extraction for all the plant samples, ethanol ranked first while acetone, ethyl acetate and methanol ranked second, water ranked third and chloroform was the least in ranking.

scholarly journals Anticonvulsant activity of methanolic extract of Withania cogulans in mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenat Fatima Khattak ◽  
Bushra Insari ◽  
Muhammad Jamal ◽  
Abdul Aleem Awan ◽  
Muhammad Azhar Sherkheli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Withania Coagulans ◽  
Tonic Extension ◽  
Clonic Convulsions ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Electroshock Seizures

Abstract Mental and neurological diseases including depression, Parkinson’s disease, dementia, epilepsy, anxiety disorders and bipolar disorders account for a considerable amount of the world’s disease burden. Unfortunately, drugs used in the treatment of neurological diseases are expensive, symptomatic and they produce undesirable side effects. People from different cultures prefer to use medicinal plants for the treatment of various ailments ranging from plain to perplex disorders because they are most affordable, cost effective and easily accessible source of treatment in the primary healthcare system throughout the world. Withania coagulans, an erect grayish under-shrub belongs to family Solanaceae. It is common in Pakistan, East India, Iran and Afghanistan. The objective of this study was to analyze the anti-seizure activity of crude methanolic extract of Withania coagulans fruits (MeWc). For screening of this activity, maximal electroshock seizures model (MES) and chemically-induced seizures models were used. In maximal electroshock seizures test MeWc showed significant dose dependent percent protection against hind-limb tonic extension; significant and dose-dependent increase in latency to myoclonic jerks and tonic clonic convulsions and decrease in seizures duration were observed in PTZ-induced seizures. In strychnine-induced convulsions MeWc significantly increased latency to hind-limb tonic extension and percent protection from death in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, it was inferred from the experiments that extract of Withania coagulans showed anticonvulsant activity.

scholarly journals Anticonvulsant actions of ethanol stem bark extract of Trichilia roka (Meliaceae) in mice and chicks

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-234
Author(s):  
Kamaluddeen Garba ◽  
◽  
Abdullahi Yaro Hamza ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Significant Prolongation ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sizeable Number

The current antiseizure drugs present with side effects, some of which can lead to discontinuation of epilepsy pharmacotherapy, and a sizeable number of other drugs being less efficacious. Medicinal plants are used for the treatment of epilepsy in Nigeria. The aim of this study is to evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of the stem bark extract of Trichilia roka in mice and chicks. Anticonvulsant screening was carried using pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), strychnine (STN) and picrotoxin (PCT) induced seizures while Maximal electroshock (MEST) test in day old chicks. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extracts was carried out on the extract using conventional protocols. The LD50 was determined in mice. The intraperitoneal LD50 was calculated to be 118.32 mg/kg in mice. Flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, anthraquinones and steroids were found to be present. Significant (p≤0.05) prolongation of the mean onset of seizures was recorded with Trichilia roka (15 and 30 mg/kg) compared with normal saline treated groups in PTZ induced seizures. Trichilia roka at all the doses tested did not significantly reduce the mean recovery time of seizures induced by MEST. The extract at 7.5 and 15 mg/kg prolonged the latency of convulsion induced by STN. The extract failed to show significant prolongation of the latency of seizures induced by picrotoxin. It can then be inferred, that Trichilia roka contained bioactive constituents that are beneficial in petit mal epilepsy and justify their use in Traditional Medicine.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTIEPILEPTIC ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF AZIMA TETRACANTHA ROOT IN MICE

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Madhavi Eerike ◽  
Venu Gopala Rao Konda ◽  
Ruckmani Arunachalam ◽  
Umar Dawood
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Valproate ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Antiepileptic Activity ◽  
Tonic Extension ◽  
Azima Tetracantha

Objective: To evaluate the antiepileptic activity of ethanolic extract of Azima tetracantha root (EEATR) against Maximal electroshock (MES) and Pentylene tetrazole (PTZ) induced seizures in mice.Methods: 48 adult male mice were used and 4 groups with six in each were allocated to each model. 4 Groups are divided into control, standard and two test groups. Control group received normal saline, standard group, Sodium valproate-200 mg/kg and the two test groups received ethanolic extract of roots of Azima tetracantha (EEATR) 250 and 500 mg/kg respectively. Antiepileptic activity was assessed based on hind limb tonic extension duration, onset of convulsions and mortality. The results were compared with control and standard.Results: In MES model EEATR reduced the duration of hind limb extension (HLE) and seizure protection was 50% and 66.6% with 250 and 500 mg/kg respectively. In PTZ model both the doses of EEATR delayed the onset of clonic phase and prevented death in 50% of animals in group treated with 500 mg/kg EEATR, similar to sodium valproate. Results were analyzed by ANOVA with p<0.05 considered as significant.Conclusion: EEATR has shown anticonvulsant activity in both MES and PTZ models. 500 mg/kg of EEATR has better protection than 250 mg/kg against seizure in MES model and equally efficacious as sodium valproate standard in PTZ model.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF PREMNA HERBACEA (ROXB.) EXTRACTS IN PENTYLENETETRAZOL AND MAXIMAL ELECTROSHOCK-INDUCED CONVULSIONS IN MICE

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 444
Author(s):  
Ashish Dattatraya Chimbalkar ◽  
Vyawahare Ns
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Mixed Mechanism

Objective: In the present study, three different extracts of Pemna herbacea (Roxb.) were evaluated for its anticonvulsant activity against pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) and maximal electroshock (MES)-induced convulsions in mice.Methods: The shed-dried powder of P. herbacea roots was passed through a sieve and subjected to extraction using Soxhlet apparatus with 70% ethanol, petroleum ether, and chloroform to get respective extracts named as ethanolic extract of P. herbacea, petroleum ether extract of P. herbacea, and chloroform extract of P. herbacea (PHC). Preliminary phytochemical analysis and acute oral toxicity study were done. Thereafter, the extracts were analyzed for PTZ- and MES-induced convulsions.Results: The results revealed that PHC at the doses 200 and 400 mg/kg was effective against both, i.e., PTZ- and MES-induced convulsions. Overall PHC 400 mg/kg was most effective, as it significantly delayed onset of convulsions (p<0.01) and reduced % mortality (50%) in PTZ model, while in MES model, it showed the highest reduction in duration of hind limb extension (p<0.01) and percentage protection (33.33%).Conclusion: The results reported anticonvulsant potential of PHC against both PTZ- and MES-induced convulsions suggesting mixed mechanism of action which may be attributed to different phytochemicals acting simultaneously. 

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