scholarly journals Area wide management of white grub Holotrichia consanguinea Blachard through IPM modules in groundnut

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-219
Author(s):  
Bhut JB ◽  
◽  
Jethva DM ◽  
Naggana R ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Aggregation Pheromone ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Mortality ◽  
White Grub ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Castor Cake ◽  
Block Tree

Field experiments were conducted on groundnut for white grub Holotrichia consanguinea Blachard management using different IPM components in Gujarat during kharif 2018 and 2019. Two different eco-friendly modules were evaluated and compare with farmers practices. In Module I included on set of monsoon, spraying of chlorpyrifos 20 EC @ 0.04% on surrounding trees, seed treatment of chlorpyrifos 20 EC @ 20 ml/kg, Placement of aggregation pheromone on host tree (5 block/tree), Soil application of Beauveria bassiana @ 5 kg ha-1 (Min. 2 x 106 CFU/g) + castor cake (250 kg ha-1) before sowing, Application of B. bassiana @ 5 kg ha-1 in plant row with FYM (250 kg ha-1) after 30 days of germination. While Module II used Metarhizium anisopliae instead of B. bassiana. While in farmers practices included application of chlorpyriphos 10 G @ 10 kg ha-1 with urea at initiation of pest attack. Among the evaluated two ecofriendly module and farmers practices the lowest per cent plant mortality (3.03 %) and 0.56 grub/m2 was recorded in Module II. The highest pod and halum yield 2180 and 3942 kg ha-1, yield increase over control 31.00 and 39.37 %, avoidable loss 23.67 and 28.25% was recorded in module II. The maximum (32474 Rs/ha) net realization was found in the treatment of Module II. Looking to the NICBR, the highest (1:5.35) return was obtained with the treatment of Module II followed by Module I (1:2.93)

Efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes for the control of white grub, Anomala corpulenta Motschulsky, in laboratory and field

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1111-1120
Author(s):  
Wenxiu Guo ◽  
Guoyu Zhao ◽  
Congli Wang ◽  
Xianhong Zhou ◽  
Yifan Zhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
High Rate ◽  
White Grub ◽  
White Grubs ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Peanut Production ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Method

Summary Anomala corpulenta is one of the major white grubs that cause serious damages in peanut production. To develop an environmentally friendly method to control A. corpulenta larvae, the efficacy of species of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN), application rate and larval stage against A. corpulenta were determined. Results showed that Steinernema longicaudum X-7 and S. glaseri B-4-1 were the most virulent species, which caused 77.8 and 84.4% corrected mortalities of the 2nd instar larvae at 25°C 14 days after treatments. Corrected mortalities of A. corpulenta caused by EPN were significantly affected by EPN application rate. A decrease but no significant difference in susceptibility from the 2nd to the 3rd instar was observed for the test EPN species S. longicaudum, S. glaseri and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. The field experiments indicated that S. longicaudum and S. glaseri applied at a relatively high rate (⩾5.0 × 103 infective juveniles (IJ) plant−1, i.e., 7.5 × 108 IJ ha−1) were able to provide not only control efficacy against A. corpulenta with ⩾92.7% reduction of larvae and ⩽5.06% of damaged pods, and the peanut yield increase was as good as phoxim, but also gave better control persistency compared to phoxim. Our findings indicated that EPN could be an effective strategy for the management of A. corpulenta in peanut fields.

Pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana against Phyllophaga crinita and Anomala flavipennis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Rodríguez-del-Bosque ◽  
F. Silvestre ◽  
V. M. Hernández ◽  
H. Quiroz ◽  
J. E. Throne
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
The Other ◽  
White Grub ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Lethal Time

Five isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and 3 isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin were tested against third-instar larvae of Phyllophaga crinita (Burmeister) and Anomala flavipennis Burmeister under laboratory conditions using the “maximum challenge test” protocol. The M. anisopliae strains were more virulent than the B. bassiana strains, with the isolates MAGL3N and MAGL4N of M. anisopliae causing the highest mortality in both white grub species. Regardless of scarab species, mortality caused by MAGL3N was >63% after 4 days and >96% after 10 days. The other strain of M. anisopliae, MAGC2N, also caused high mortality in A. flavipennis, but at a slower rate than MAGL3N. Median lethal time (LT50) for MAGL3N was 2.9 days for P. crinita and 3.0 d for A. flavipennis. The LT50 for MAGL4N was 5.3 d for P. crinita and 7.6 d for A. flavipennis while the LT50 for MAGC2N was 4.4 d for A. flavipennis. Metarhizium anisopliae is a potential biological control agent for P. crinita and A. flavipennis and should be further investigated for possible development.

scholarly journals Effect of endophytic isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin on Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in cabbage

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Poornesha Bathina ◽  
Ramanujam Bonam
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Inoculation Methods ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Application Methods

Abstract Background The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is one of the major pests in cabbage which causes severe loss to the cruciferous crops. Entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae have been established as endophytes in cabbage plants by seed treatment/root inoculation/foliar application methods in glasshouse conditions. Main body A glasshouse experiment was conducted to study the effect of endophytic isolates of B. bassiana (NBAIR Bb-5a and NBAIR Bb-45) and M. anisopliae (NBAIR Ma-4 and NBAIR Ma-35) on P. xylostella in cabbage using detached leaf bioassay method. The isolates were applied through seed treatment/root inoculation/foliar application at the concentration of 1 × 108 spores/ml and evaluated at 15, 30, 45, and 60 days after treatment (DAT) in 2017 and 2018. These isolates were colonized in cabbage leaf tissues from 15 to 60 DAT. All 4 isolates showed different mortality percentages during 15–30 DAT, and no mortality was observed after 45 and 60 DAT in different inoculation methods during both years. Among the application methods tested, foliar application method gave the highest mortality of 70–80% at 15 DAT and 12–58% at 30 DAT mortality of 2nd instar larvae of P. xylostella in cabbage. Among the isolates tested, NBAIR Ma-35 showed the highest mortality (35–79%) in all the 3 inoculation methods tested. Conclusion Endophytic isolates of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae suppressed the population of P. xylostella on cabbage leaves in three inoculation methods tested. Among all the methods tested, foliar application method showed highest mortality. These promising isolates have to be further tested under field conditions for management of P. xylostella in cabbage.

scholarly journals Manejo integrado de chisas en fincas de minifundio del departamento de Nariño (Colombia)

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Any Mercedes Lucero
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
White Grub ◽  
Chemical Insecticide ◽  
White Grubs

<p>La ‘chiza’ o ‘cuzo’ (<em>Astaena sp</em>.) constituye un problema insectil de importancia económica en el departamento de Nariño, especialmente en los suelos que han sufrido procesos de degradación con pérdida de materia orgánica. En los municipios de Ospina y Yacuanquer las chisas ocasionan daños de 91% y 62% en cultivos de trigo y papa, respectivamente. Para su control, los agricultores utilizan productos químicos como única alternativa, lo que ha generado impactos negativos: incremento de los costos de producción, reducción de los rendimientos agrícolas, necesidad de mayor cantidad de semilla y fertilizante, pérdida del valor comercial de los predios y disminución de la fauna benéfica que controlaban las chisas en niveles inocuos a los cultivos. En los ensayos de campo se aplicaron microorganismos entomopatógenos nativos (<em>Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae </em>y <em>Steinernema sp</em>.), utilizando tamo de trigo descompuesto para su establecimiento. Con la aplicación de los hongos se logró un porcentaje de mortalidad de la plaga de 28,75% en el municipio de Ospina y de 14,67% en el municipio de Yacuanquer, frente a la aplicación de clorpirifos cuyo porcentaje de mortalidad fue de 28,89% en el municipio de Ospina y 18,82% en el municipio de Yacuanquer. Con el nematodo (<em>Steinernema sp</em>.) se alcanzó una mortalidad de 17,27% en Ospina y 12,74% en Yacuanquer. La aplicación de una mezcla de microorganismos entomopatógenos y tamo de trigo descompuesto a los cultivos contribuye a disminuir la contaminación ambiental y a mejorar las características de los suelos.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Integrated management of white grubs on small farms in the Nariño department (Colombia)</strong></p><p> </p><p>White grubs (Astaena sp.) represent an economically important insect pest in the Nariño department, especially on farms which have become degraded due to the loss of organic matter. White grubs have caused up to 91% and 62% damage to total wheat and potato crop areas, respectively, in the municipalities of Ospina and Yacuanquer. To controlling the pest, farmers use only chemical pesticides which has led to negative impacts, such as increased production costs, reduced yields, need for greater amounts of seeds and fertilisers, farms losing their commercial value and a reduction in beneficial fauna which formerly kept white grubs at levels causing no damage to the crops over a long period of time. The native entomopathogen microorganisms Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Steinernema sp. were established in rotting wheat husks in field tests. The entomopathogenic fungi led to 28.75% and 14.67% of pest mortality at Ospina and Yacuanquer localities respectively compared to 28.89% and 18.82% when applying the chemical insecticide (Clorpirifos). The nematode Steinernema sp. caused 17.26% and 12.74% of white grub mortality. This technology (mixing entomopathogens micro-organisms with rotting wheat husks) contributed towards reducing environmental human contamination and improving soil characteristics.</p>

Volga Research Institute of Plant Breeding and Seed Science n. a. P. N. Konstantinov – branch of the Samara Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Science

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.В. Казарина ◽  
Л.К. Марунова
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Federal Research ◽  
Germination Ability ◽  
Root Growth And Development ◽  
Research Institute

Исследования проводились в Поволжском НИИСС – филиале СамНЦ РАН в 2018–2019 годах. В статье представлены результаты лабораторных и полевых опытов по изучению влияния предпосевной обработки семян и листовой подкормки вегетирующих растений физиологически активными препаратами на особенности продукционного процесса донника белого однолетнего. Под влиянием обработки семян изучаемыми препаратами увеличивалась энергия прорастания семян на 2–10% и всхожесть — на 1–3%. Морфометрическая оценка проростков донника показала, что обработка препаратами «Витанолл-N» и «Гумостим» способствовала увеличению длины проростков на 7,9–14,0%. Наибольшее влияние на рост и развитие корневой системы оказывали регулятор роста «Мивал-Агро» (превышение над контрольным вариантом составило 24,8–29,3%), комплексное микроудобрение «Витанолл-N» (обеспечило увеличение массы корешков на 25,6–41,5%), вариант с применением гуминового удобрения «Гумостим» превышал контроль по данному показателю на 27,0–27,2%. Максимальное влияние на продуктивность среднеспелого сорта Поволжский оказывали регулятор роста «Мивал-Агро» (превышение относительно контроля составило 20,9%) и гуминовое удобрение «Гумостим» (превышение 27,4%). У скороспелого сорта Средневолжский наиболее эффективными были варианты с внесением комплексного удобрения «Витанолл-N» и гуминового удобрения «Гумостим»: прибавка относительно контроля составила 17,6–25,1%. Анализ результатов лабораторных и полевых опытов показал достаточно высокую корреляционную зависимость между морфометрическими показателями проростков и урожайностью зелёной массы сортов донника однолетнего. У изучаемых сортов наибольшая связь урожайности установлена с длиной корешка (r = 0,71–0,72) и массой корешков (r = 0,66–0,84). В меньшей степени продуктивность сопряжена с параметрами надземной части проростков. У обоих сортов отмечена средняя положительная связь с массой ростков (r = 0,35–0,50). The investigation took place in the Volga Research Institute of Plant Breeding and Seed Science in 2018–2019. This paper reports on lab and field experiments studying the influence of seed and foliar treatment by physiologically active preparations on productivity of annual white melilot. Seed treatment improved seed vigor by 2–10% and germination ability — by 1–3%. “Vitanoll-N” and “Gumostim” preparations increased germ length by 7.9–14.0%. The following preparations had the highest effect on root growth and development: “Mival-Agro” growth regulator — by 24.8–29.3%, “Vitanoll-N” complex microfertilizer — by 25.6–41.5%, “Gumostim” humic fertilizer — by 27.0–27.2%. Mid-season “Povolzhskiy” variety yielded the best after “Mival-Agro” and “Gumostim” applications. The yield increase amounted to 20.9 and 27.4%, respectively. Short-season “Srednevolzhskiy” variety performed the best after “Vitanoll-N” and “Gumostim” treatment: yield increased by 17.6–25.1%. Analyses showed high correlation between germ morphology and green mass productivity. The highest correlation was determined between productivity and root length (r = 0.71–0.72) or weight (r = 0.66–0.84). Germ top characteristics had weaker correlation with crop yield. Both varieties showed moderate correlation between their yield and root weight (r = 0,35–0,50).

Evaluación de hongos entomopatógenos para el control biológico del mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Martha Giselle Rivera Pineda ◽  
Sandra Patricia Garzón Lozano ◽  
Luz Inés Villarreal Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae

En busca de una alternativa de control del mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus en áreas urbanas se desarrolló el proyecto: “Evaluación de microorganismos biocontroladores sobre el mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus” cuyo objetivo fue evaluar la capacidad biocontroladora de diferentes hongos entomopatógenos sobre larvas del mosquito a nivel de laboratorio. Se evaluaron 16 aislamientos de hongos en diferentes concentraciones. Se constataron diferencias en el porcentaje de mortalidad producido en larvas de Cx. quinquefasciatus dependientes del tipo de aislamiento, de la concentración utilizada y del tiempo de exposición. Los aislamientos que presentaron el nivel de mortalidad más alto pertenecen a la especie Metarhizium anisopliae, seguidos por aislamientos de la especie Beauveria bassiana. El aislamiento que presentó el mayor nivel de mortalidad (100%) en menor tiempo de exposición (24 horas) fue Metarhizium anisopliae 99068 en una concentración de 1x106 e/ml. Por lo tanto este aislamiento es recomendado para su evaluación en campo y desarrollo de un producto comercial.

MODELING AND EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF AIR-THERMAL AND MICROWAVE-CONVECTIVE PRESOWING SEED TREATMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (41) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
ALEKSEY A. VASIL’EV ◽  
◽  
ALEKSEY N. VASIL’EV ◽  
DMITRIY BUDNIKOV ◽  
ANTON SHARKO
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Dense Layer ◽  
Technological Equipment ◽  
External Influence ◽  
Ultra High Frequency ◽  
Grain Processing ◽  
Seed Processing

The use of electrophysical influences for pre-sowing treatment of seeds is an effective way to increase their sowing quality. The use of these methods is limited by the fact that their implementation requires new technological equipment in grain processing lines. This problem is solved more easily when pre-sowing processing is performed using installations for active ventilation and grain drying. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in determining the possibility of using active ventilation units and ultra-high-frequency convective grain dryers for pre-sowing grain processing and to evaluating the effectiveness of such processing using computer modeling. (Materials and methods) It is necessary to ensure the uniformity of processing with external influence the seeds placed in a dense layer. Authors carried out pre-sowing treatment of seeds on real installations. Treated seeds were sown in experimental plots and the results of treatment were evaluated. (Results and discussion) The article presents graphs of changes in grain temperature and humidity during processing. To check the feasibility of pre-sowing treatment, authors performed modeling of air-heat and ultra-high-frequency convective seed treatment processes. Based on the results of field experiments, air-heat treatment stimulates the development of secondary plant roots, contributes to an intensive increase in the green mass of plants; ultra-high-frequency convective seed treatment allows increasing the number of productive stems in plants, the number of ears in one plant. (Conclusions) Technological equipment designed for drying and active ventilation of grain can be effectively used for pre-sowing seed processing. In the course of field experiments, it was revealed the possibility of controlling the structure of the crop using different types of external influence on seeds during their pre-sowing processing.

scholarly journals On the virulence of the entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae (Ascomycota: Hypocreales), against the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shehzad ◽  
Muhammad Tariq ◽  
Tariq Mukhtar ◽  
Asim Gulzar
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Offspring Sex Ratio ◽  
Development Of Resistance

Abstract Background The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is a noxious pest of cruciferous crops all over the world causing serious economic damage. Management of insect pest generally depends on chemical control; however, due to development of resistance against all types of insecticides, alternative approaches especially utilization of a microbial agent is inevitable. Results Potential of 2 entomopathogenic fungi (EPF), viz., Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, was evaluated against 2nd and 3rd larval instars of P. xylostella by adopting leaf dip and direct spraying methods under laboratory conditions. Significant mortality rate was achieved by each fungus under adopted methodologies. However, B. bassiana was found to be more effective in both conditions than M. anisopliae. Highest mean corrected mortality (77.80%) was recorded, when spores of B. bassiana were sprayed on the 2nd instar larvae (LC50=1.78×104/ml) after the 6th day of treatment. Similarly, incase of M. anisopliae LC50 for the 2nd instar at the same methodology was 2.78×104/ml with a mortality percentage of 70.0%. Offspring sex ratio was non-significantly related to treatment concentration and methodology, except for the control. Conclusion Beauveria bassiana and M. anisopliae had potential to suppress P. xylostella infestations when applied appropriately. Present findings suggested that B. bassiana and M. anisopliae when sprayed on immatures of host insect had more effect as compared to leaf dip procedure. Furthermore, no significant effect of concentrations was observed on sex ratio.

scholarly journals Crop Response to Leaf and Seed Applications of the Biostimulant ComCat® under Stress Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1161
Author(s):  
Roland Gerhards ◽  
Fructueuse N. Ouidoh ◽  
André Adjogboto ◽  
Vodéa Armand Pascal Avohou ◽  
Berteulot Latus Sètondji Dossounon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Block Designs ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Yield Data

Although clear evidence for benefits in crop production is partly missing, several natural compounds and microorganisms have been introduced to the market as biostimulants. They are supposed to enhance nutrient efficiency and availability in the rhizosphere, reduce abiotic stress, and improve crop quality parameters. Biostimulants often derive from natural compounds, such as microorganisms, algae, and plant extracts. In this study, the commercial plant extract-based biostimulant ComCat® was tested in two field experiments with maize in the communities of Banikoara and Matéri in Northern Benin and six pot experiments (four with maize and two with winter barley) at the University of Hohenheim in Germany. Maize was grown under nutrient deficiency, drought, and weed competition, and winter barley was stressed by the herbicide Luximo (cinmethylin). ComCat® was applied at half, full, and double the recommended field rate (50, 100, and 200 g ha−1) on the stressed and unstressed control plants as leaf or seed treatment. The experiments were conducted in randomized complete block designs with four replications. The above-ground biomass and yield data of one experiment in Benin were collected. The biostimulant did not promote maize and winter barley biomass production of the unstressed plants. When exposed to stress, ComCat@ resulted only in one out of eight experiments in higher barley biomass compared to the stressed treatment without ComCat® application. There was a reduced phytotoxic effect of cinmethylin after seed treatment with ComCat®. Crop response to ComCat® was independent of the application rate. Basic and applied studies are needed to investigate the response of crops to biostimulants and their mechanisms of action in the plants before they should be used in practical farming.

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