scholarly journals Pelatihan pola pengasuhan menghadapi anak trauma

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-182
Author(s):  
Alfiandy Warih Handoyo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Training Needs ◽  
Parenting Skills ◽  
Advisory Service ◽  
Traumatized Children ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Risk Potential ◽  
Post Disaster

Sleman district has the high-risk potential of the natural disaster. Disaster risk has positive correlate to potential trauma risk, especially on children. Trauma will be rise direct after a disaster or delay or called posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Parents are the most influential party to the child's development, so parents in disaster-prone areas must have the skills to deal with a traumatized child. The handling of trauma given to victims of natural disasters in Sleman Regency is only based on direct handling post-disaster. There is no advisory service for parents in dealing with traumatized children. Training needs to be given to parents, especially residents in locations that have a high potential for natural disasters. The training aims to provide readiness for parents to accompany traumatized children so that the impact of the trauma does not get worse. Based on the results of the application, it is proven that parents can perform parenting skills to assist traumatized children.

FRAMEWORK FOR PLANNING CAPACITIES TO MAXIMIZE THE FEASIBLE RESILIENCE OF NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkaprabha Bhattacharyya ◽  
Makarand Hastak
Keyword(s):  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Network System ◽  
System Building ◽  
Recovery Capacity ◽  
Infrastructure Network ◽  
Natural Disaster Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Post Disaster

Infrastructures are connected between themselves and their connections form a complex network. Disaster impacted infrastructures have a reduced level of serviceability. The impact of the reduction of serviceability of disaster-affected infrastructures cascades through the entire infrastructure network. The recovery capacity of the network governs the recovery curve of a disaster-impacted infrastructure network system. Moreover, the speed of recovery of the infrastructure network from a post-disaster condition to the pre-disaster condition dictates the resilience of the system. Building these capacities requires spending money. The extent of resilience that can be afforded under a given budget situation is termed as the feasible resilience. This paper presents a framework for planning the capacities so that the feasible resilience of the network can be maximized under a budget situation. To achieve the said objective, the recovery time of a disaster-affected infrastructure network has been minimized. The outcome is the optimal restorative capacities the network needs to have so that the feasible resilience is maximized under a specified budget condition. The outcomes can be used by the decision-makers in natural disaster risk mitigation planning.

Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation in South Asia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihir Bhatt ◽  
Ronak B. Patel ◽  
Kelsey Gleason ◽  
Mehul Pandya
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
The Impact

Both the impact and the frequency of natural disasters and extreme events in South Asia are steadily increasing due to growing exposure and vulnerability. These vulnerabilities are compounded by fast economic growth and an increase in natural disasters across the region. Disaster losses in South Asia are rising and are felt across many domains. From the formal to the informal economy, natural disasters have increasingly strong impacts in terms of lives lost, social impact, and impediments to growth. New challenges in disaster risk reduction are emerging due to an increase in the duration and frequency of natural disaster events attributable to climate change. Though both climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction efforts exist to some degree throughout South Asia, integrating climate change adaptation into disaster risk reduction is critical to successful and inclusive growth of economies in the region. Challenges remain, and national and subnational governments are making some progress in policies aimed at both climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction. However, many of these efforts are planned, designed, and implemented separately, with limited understanding of how disaster and climate risk are linked. Moreover, progress is hindered by poor understanding of how integration of these concepts can result in better governance of risk in South Asia. Additionally, political will, capacity constraints, and institutional barriers must be overcome. Efforts by the international community are making progress in unifying these concepts, yet gaps and challenges still exist. The benefits of converging climate adaptation and disaster risk reduction in Asia are significant, from minimizing climate-related losses to more efficient use of limited resources and more effective and sustainable development.

Responding to Catastrophe

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 1446-1472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reed M. Wood ◽  
Thorin M. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Humanitarian Aid ◽  
State Control ◽  
National Data ◽  
General Argument ◽  
Windows Of Opportunity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Post Disaster ◽  
Cross National

Natural disasters often cause significant human suffering. They may also provide incentives for states to escalate repression against their citizens. We argue that state authorities escalate repression in the wake of natural disasters because the combination of increased grievances and declining state control produced by disasters creates windows of opportunity for dissident mobilization and challenges to state authority. We also investigate the impact of the post-disaster humanitarian aid on this relationship. Specifically, we argue that inflows of aid in the immediate aftermath of disasters are likely to dampen the impact of disasters on repression. However, we expect that this effect is greater when aid flows to more democratic states. We examine these interrelated hypotheses using cross-national data on immediate-onset natural disasters and state violations of physical integrity rights between 1977 and 2009 as well as newly collected foreign aid data disaggregated by sector. The results provide support for both our general argument and the corollary hypotheses.

Flood-Related Work Disruption and Poor Health Outcomes Among University Students

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 503-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Peek-Asa ◽  
Marizen Ramirez ◽  
Tracy Young ◽  
YanYan Cao
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Work Disruption ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Post Disaster

AbstractIntroductionGlobally, floods are the most common and among the most devastating of natural disasters. Natural disasters such as floods impact local businesses, increasing local unemployment by up to 8.2%. Previous research has linked individual losses from disasters with symptoms such as posttraumatic stress disorder. However, little is known about the impact of work disruption and job loss on post-disaster psychological symptoms. University students, who are often living far away from family support structures and have limited resources, may be particularly vulnerable. This study examines student psychological health following a large flood at a university.HypothesisStudents who experienced flood-related job loss or disruption had a higher proportion of psychological symptoms than those who did not experience job loss or disruption, controlling for individual loss such as injury, home loss or evacuation.MethodsOn June 8, 2008, a major flood affected seven US Midwestern states. A total of two dozen people were killed and 148 injured, although no deaths or serious injuries were reported in the population used for this study. At the study university, operations were closed for one week, and 20 buildings were severely damaged. A cross-sectional survey of all students enrolled during the semester of the flood was conducted. Students were sent an online survey six weeks after the flood. In addition to questions about damage to their homes, the survey asked students if their work was disrupted because of the floods. Symptoms of PTSD were measured through the modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale.ResultsOf the 1,231 responding students with complete surveys, 667 (54.2%) reported that their work was disrupted due to the floods. Controlling for gender, ethnicity, grade, and damage to the student's home, students reporting work disruption were more than four times more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95% CI, 2.5-8.2). Work disruption was independently associated with decreases in general mental and physical health following the floods, as well as with increases in alcohol use.ConclusionDisaster research has focused on damage to individuals and homes, but there has been little focus on work losses. Individuals who lose their jobs may be a vulnerable population post-disaster.Peek-AsaC, RamirezM, YoungT, CaoY. Flood-related work disruption and poor health outcomes among university students. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2012;27(6):1-6.

scholarly journals The Impact of Natural Disaster on Mental Health of Victims Lives: Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 65-85
Author(s):  
Kristia Novia ◽  
Tita Hariyanti ◽  
Laily Yuliatun
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Impact

Natural disasters are still a matter of the world until today. The events pose not only physical impact but also psychological impacts that leave deep sorrow and fear. The survivors of the disaster felt they were at a very unsettled condition, felt very fearful, felt agitated for uncertain circumstances, and became very easily panicked until they could experience anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This systematic review aims to identify the impact–effects often posed by natural disasters on the soul health of survivors. Data searching is done on the Proquest, Pubmed, Science Direct, Sage, and Scopus databases that were converged in the 2013 to 2019 ranges. The psychological impact experienced by the victims after natural disaster events are depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), fear, suicide experiments, and other mental health disorders such as mood changes and a loss of interest in an activity. Natural disasters can hurt the mental health of the victims. If the psychological problems that occur to the victims are not immediately addressed, the victims will fall on more mental severe disorder conditions.

scholarly journals The Impact of Financial Preparation and Disaster Experience on Households’ Disaster Risk Perception: Empirical Evidence from Quang Binh Province, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 344-356
Author(s):  
Tam T. Le ◽  
Trang T.H. Thai ◽  
Thao P. Do
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Disaster Experience ◽  
Financial Preparation ◽  
Natural Disaster Risk ◽  
The Impact

This paper is aimed at analysing the impacts of financial preparation and disaster experience on households’ disaster risk perception, including perceptions of likelihood and severity in Quang Binh Province of Vietnam, one of the areas strongly affected by natural disasters and climate change. With the data from direct surveying 308 households in Quang Binh province, the research methodology includes Cronbach’s Alpha, EFA and OLS regression models. The key findings are: First, disaster experience has positive impact on natural disaster risk perception. Second, financial preparation has negative impact on natural disaster risk perception. Third, the risk of natural disasters in Quang Binh Province are increasing and unpredictable due to rapid economic growth and urbanization. This fact requires the Government, provincial commitees, and stakeholders to go beyond traditional coping methods, implement more customized policies and specific actions to try to reduce the risks of natural disasters. Keywords: disaster risk, disaster risk perception, financial preparation, disaster experience.

scholarly journals Essays on Disaster Risk and Economic Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Azreen Karim
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
The Self ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Agricultural Income ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Impact

<p>This thesis consists of four self-contained papers in the areas of disaster risk and economic development. Chapter One provides a qualitative survey of the empirical literature on the nexus among poverty, inequality and natural disasters. The last few years have seen an explosion of economic research on the consequences of natural disasters. This new interest is attributable first and foremost to a growing awareness of the potentially catastrophic nature of these events, but also a result of the increasing awareness that natural disasters are social and economic events. Here, we survey the literature that examines the direct and indirect impact of natural disaster events specifically on the poor and their impact on the distribution of income within affected communities and societies.  With a meta-regression analysis of the existing literature on the impacts of disasters on households in Chapter Two, we observe several general patterns. Incomes are clearly impacted adversely, with the impact observed specifically in per-capita measures. Consumption is also reduced, but to a lesser extent than incomes. Poor households appear to smooth their food consumption by reducing the consumption of non-food items; in particular health and education, and this suggests potentially long-term adverse consequences. Given the limits of our methodology and the paucity of research, we find no consistent patterns in long-term outcomes. We place disaster risk to the poor within the context of sustainable development and future climatic change.  Our objective In Chapter Three is to identify all of the directly observable determinants’ of publicly allocated and realized spending for disaster risk reduction (DRR) at the local government (sub-district) level in Bangladesh. We employ the Heckman two-stage selection model with detailed public finance and other data from 483 sub-districts (Upazilas) across the country. While some of our results conform with our priors, our estimations surprisingly find that government does not respond to the sub-district’s risk exposure as a factor affecting the DRR financing mechanism. This variable is consistently counter-intuitively statistically insignificant. The DRR regional allocations do not seem to be determined by risk and exposure, only weakly by vulnerability, nor even by more transparent political economy motivations.  In Chapter Four, we examine the short-run economic impacts of recurrent flooding on Bangladeshi households surveyed in 2000, 2005 and 2010. In 2010 Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES), households answered a set of questions’ on whether they were affected by flood and its likely impacts. We identify two treatment (affected) groups by using the self-reported data and historical rainfall data based flood risk index. We estimate a difference-in-difference (DID) model to quantify the impacts on income, expenditure, asset and labour market outcomes and further extend our analysis to different income and expenditure brackets. Overall, we find robust evidence of negative impacts on agricultural income and expenditure. Intriguingly, the extreme poor (i.e. the bottom 15th quintile) experience significant positive impacts on agricultural income in the self-reported treatment case.</p>

Estimating the Potential Economic Impact of Haiti’s 2021 Earthquake

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Cavallo ◽  
Laura Giles Álvarez ◽  
Andrew Powell
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Government ◽  
Post Disaster ◽  
Extended Time Period ◽  
Economic Damages

This paper employs a simple methodology to estimate the potential economic damages of the 2021 earthquake in Haiti. The country registered a magnitude 7.2 earthquake off the South Coast on August 14, 2021, that resulted in 2,248 deaths, 12,763 injured and substantial damages to houses and other infrastructure. An additional 329 persons remain missing. We estimate economic damages using econometric techniques and a dataset on natural disasters across a wide range of countries and over an extended time period. Based on this analysis, damages for the 2021 earthquake in Haiti are estimated to reach US$1.6 billion (9.6 percent of GDP) for a scenario with an impact of 2,500 dead or missing. We also generate confidence intervals on these results. We hope these early estimates will provide a useful input to the ongoing Post-Disaster Risk Assessment (PDNA) and will assist the government and its international partners plan efforts to assist the country in terms of relief and reconstruction.

scholarly journals WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT IN POST DISASTER RECONSTRUCTION: PERSPECTIVES ON POLICIES AND FRAMEWORKS

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirooja Thurairajah ◽  
David Baldry
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Partial Reconstruction ◽  
International Policies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Post Disaster

There has been an increase in the occurrence of natural disasters and their impact has aroused the interest of many stakeholders to incorporate different strategies on disaster management. Although disasters may end many opportunities and lives, the lives of survivors do not cease in the disaster affected areas. The impact of natural disasters and the consequent partial reconstruction efforts have specifically presented many challenges to women. In this context, the main research investigates the empowerment of women during post disaster reconstruction particularly in Sri Lanka. Among the factors that influence women's empowerment, existing policies and frameworks is one of the important factors that can play a major role within the post disaster reconstruction in Sri Lanka. Hence, in order to gain an understanding of the existing framework of women's empowerment, this study investigates the national and international policies and frameworks that exist within the post disaster context in Sri Lanka. The study found that even though polices are gender neutral, they are not gender sensitive. In addition, it was found that having a single policy or framework for the whole country is unlikely to be a success, therefore, any frameworks should have room to be adopted to the local situation. Santruka Stichiniu nelaimiu padaugejo, taigi del ju poveikio daug interesu grupiu susidomejo, kaip nelaimems valdyti pasitelkti ivairias strategijas. Nors nelaimes atima daug galimybiu ir gyvybiu, išlikusieji tebegyvena nelaimes nuniokotose teritorijose. Del stichiniu nelaimiu poveikio ir po ju vykstant daliniams atstatymo darbams, ypač daug sunkumu kyla moterims. Atsižvelgiant i tai, pagrindiniame tyrime nagrinejamas didesniu teisiu suteikimas moterims vykstant atstatymo po nelaimiu darbams, ypač Šri Lankoje. Be kitu veiksniu, kurie daro itaka suteikiant didesnes teises moterims, svarbi yra politika ir gaires, o ju reikšme Šri Lankoje atstatant nelaimes nuniokotas vietoves gali būti didžiule. Taigi siekiant suprasti esamas didesniu teisiu suteikimo moterims gaires, šiame tyrime nagrinejama nacionaline ir tarptautine politika bei gaires, Šri Lankoje taikomos darbu po nelaimiu kontekste. Tyrime nustatyta, kad net jei politika pirmenybes neteikia ne vienai lyčiai, i lytims svarbius klausimus ji neatsižvelgia. Be to, nustatyta, kad visoje šalyje taikant viena politika arba gaires vargu ar galima tiketis sekmes. Taigi visose gairese reikia numatyti galimybiu jas priderinti prie vietines situacijos.

scholarly journals Essays on Disaster Risk and Economic Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Azreen Karim
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
The Self ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Agricultural Income ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Impact

<p>This thesis consists of four self-contained papers in the areas of disaster risk and economic development. Chapter One provides a qualitative survey of the empirical literature on the nexus among poverty, inequality and natural disasters. The last few years have seen an explosion of economic research on the consequences of natural disasters. This new interest is attributable first and foremost to a growing awareness of the potentially catastrophic nature of these events, but also a result of the increasing awareness that natural disasters are social and economic events. Here, we survey the literature that examines the direct and indirect impact of natural disaster events specifically on the poor and their impact on the distribution of income within affected communities and societies.  With a meta-regression analysis of the existing literature on the impacts of disasters on households in Chapter Two, we observe several general patterns. Incomes are clearly impacted adversely, with the impact observed specifically in per-capita measures. Consumption is also reduced, but to a lesser extent than incomes. Poor households appear to smooth their food consumption by reducing the consumption of non-food items; in particular health and education, and this suggests potentially long-term adverse consequences. Given the limits of our methodology and the paucity of research, we find no consistent patterns in long-term outcomes. We place disaster risk to the poor within the context of sustainable development and future climatic change.  Our objective In Chapter Three is to identify all of the directly observable determinants’ of publicly allocated and realized spending for disaster risk reduction (DRR) at the local government (sub-district) level in Bangladesh. We employ the Heckman two-stage selection model with detailed public finance and other data from 483 sub-districts (Upazilas) across the country. While some of our results conform with our priors, our estimations surprisingly find that government does not respond to the sub-district’s risk exposure as a factor affecting the DRR financing mechanism. This variable is consistently counter-intuitively statistically insignificant. The DRR regional allocations do not seem to be determined by risk and exposure, only weakly by vulnerability, nor even by more transparent political economy motivations.  In Chapter Four, we examine the short-run economic impacts of recurrent flooding on Bangladeshi households surveyed in 2000, 2005 and 2010. In 2010 Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES), households answered a set of questions’ on whether they were affected by flood and its likely impacts. We identify two treatment (affected) groups by using the self-reported data and historical rainfall data based flood risk index. We estimate a difference-in-difference (DID) model to quantify the impacts on income, expenditure, asset and labour market outcomes and further extend our analysis to different income and expenditure brackets. Overall, we find robust evidence of negative impacts on agricultural income and expenditure. Intriguingly, the extreme poor (i.e. the bottom 15th quintile) experience significant positive impacts on agricultural income in the self-reported treatment case.</p>

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