scholarly journals Selenium: Its Role in Livestock Health and Productivity

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dol Raj Khanal ◽  
Anthony P. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Selenium Deficiency ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Agriculture And Environment ◽  
Margin Of Safety ◽  
Livestock Health ◽  
Livestock Productivity ◽  
Harmful Effects

Selenium (Se) is an essential metalloid trace element that has a very narrow margin of safety between the toxic and deficient doses in animals and humans. This paper highlights about the beneficial and harmful effects of Se in livestock productivity and health besides presenting some information on its relation to Khari disease of buffaloes in Baitadi and Darchula districts and ways to mitigate toxic effects of Se in buffaloes.Key words: Selenium; Deficiency; Toxicity; Khari diseaseThe Journal of AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT Vol. 11, 2010Page: 101-106Uploaded date: 16 September, 2010

scholarly journals Protective Role of Flavonoids against Intestinal Pro-Inflammatory Effects of Silver Nanoparticles

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 6610
Author(s):  
Ana T. Rufino ◽  
Ana Ramalho ◽  
Adelaide Sousa ◽  
José Miguel P. Ferreira de Oliveira ◽  
Paulo Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Dietary Flavonoids ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Human Intestinal Cells

Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) have been increasingly incorporated into food-related and hygiene products for their unique antimicrobial and preservative properties. The consequent oral exposure may then result in unpredicted harmful effects in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), which should be considered in the risk assessment and risk management of these materials. In the present study, the toxic effects of polyethyleneimine (PEI)-coated AgNP (4 and 19 nm) were evaluated in GIT-relevant cells (Caco-2 cell line as a model of human intestinal cells, and neutrophils as a model of the intestinal inflammatory response). This study also evaluated the putative protective action of dietary flavonoids against such harmful effects. The obtained results showed that AgNP of 4 and 19 nm effectively induced Caco-2 cell death by apoptosis with concomitant production of nitric oxide, irrespective of the size. It was also observed that AgNP induced human neutrophil oxidative burst. Interestingly, some flavonoids, namely quercetin and quercetagetin, prevented the deleterious effects of AgNP in both cell types. Overall, the data of the present study provide a first insight into the promising protective role of flavonoids against the potentially toxic effects of AgNP at the intestinal level.

scholarly journals Trace elements geochemistry in high-incidence areas of liver-related diseases, northwestern Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 1235-1254
Author(s):  
Jemal Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Selenium Deficiency ◽  
Stream Sediments ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Geochemical Background ◽  
Water Stream ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
History Of ◽  
Trace Element Contents

Abstract This paper reports the results of trace elements geochemistry from Tigray national state, northwestern Ethiopia. The area is part of the Arabian-Nubian Shield, where the dominant exposure is low-grade metamorphic rocks and has a long history of liver-related diseases. The increase in the number of liver-related disease patients of the area has been an environmental health issue of national concern. The aim of the study is to determine the level of trace element concentrations and distributions in water and stream sediments of the area and identify the possible sources in relation to human health. Water, stream sediment and rocks samples (20 water, 20 stream sediments, and 6 rock samples) were collected in March 2011 and analyzed for major and trace element contents using ICP-MS, ICP-OES, ion Chromatography, and XRF methods. Bromine, aluminum, fluorine, arsenic, and nitrate values exceed the WHO maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) for drinking purpose. Bromine ranges from 0.11 to 1.48 mg/l show higher values in all samples, and fluorine ranges from 0.21 to 16.49 mg/l show higher values in 20% of the samples. Other trace elements are aluminum—30%, arsenic—10%, and nitrate (NO3)—10%, and they are examples of elements which have above MAC for drinking water. Selenium deficiency may be the other problematic element in the area for which its deficiency is associated with liver damage and heart muscle disorder. The concentration of cobalt and chromium exceeded world geochemical background value in average shale at most sample stations indicated that these stations were in potential risk.

The development of a soluble glass bolus to deliver selenium and cobalt to sheep

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 245-245
Author(s):  
N.R. Kendall ◽  
A.M. Mackenzie ◽  
S.B. Telfer
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Selenium Deficiency ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Single Element ◽  
White Muscle Disease ◽  
Soluble Glass ◽  
Copper Supplementation ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
The Uk

Trace element deficiencies have been reported throughout the UK and are known to decrease the productivity and welfare of animals. Selenium deficiency is characterised by muscular myopathy, white muscle disease or stiff lamb disease. Subclinical deficiencies can also cause reduced growth rate and impaired immune function. In ruminant animals, cobalt is required for the synthesis of vitamin B12 and deficiency leads to Pine, characterised by emaciation, anaemia and listlessness. Trace element deficiencies can be due to either a single element or multiple elements. Situations occur particularly in sheep where cobalt and/or selenium are deficient but where copper supplementation can be toxic. To correct these deficiencies, a single long-lasting and effective treatment in the form of a soluble glass bolus has been designed to release cobalt and selenium. This new bolus is similar to the commercial Cosecure® bolus, which is a Co/Se/Cu soluble glass, in which zinc replaces the copper.

scholarly journals The essentiality of selenium for humans, animals, and plants, and the role of selenium in plant metabolism and physiology

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Garousi
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Selenium Deficiency ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Plant Metabolism ◽  
White Muscle Disease ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Harmful Effects

AbstractAfter its discovery, selenium was most noted for its harmful effects. Selenium was the first element identified to occur in native vegetation at levels toxic to animals. Poisoning of animals can occur through consumption of plants containing toxic levels of selenium. Livestock consuming excessive amounts of selenized forages are afflicted with “alkali disease” and “blind staggers”. Typical symptoms of these diseases include loss of hair, deformed hooves, blindness, colic, diarrhoea, lethargy, increased heart and respiration rates, and eventually death. On the other hand, selenium deficiency in animal feeds can cause “white muscle disease”, a degenerative disease of the cardiac and skeletal muscles. In this regard, this review paper attempts to summarize the essentiality of selenium for humans, animals, and plants and the role of selenium in plant metabolism and physiology.

scholarly journals Selenium Deficiency in COVID-19—A Possible Long-Lasting Toxic Relationship

Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 283
Author(s):  
Lutz Schomburg
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Selenium Deficiency ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Number Of Publications

In the last two years, there has been a surge in the number of publications on the trace element selenium (Se) and selenocysteine-containing selenoproteins in human health, largely due to the pandemic and the multiple roles that this micronutrient and Se-dependent selenoproteins play in various aspects of the disease [...]

scholarly journals Effect of cobalt supplementation on lamb growth rates in the face of cobalt deficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e001099
Author(s):  
Kim Hamer ◽  
Hannah Mylin ◽  
Donald Barrie ◽  
Valentina Busin ◽  
Katharine Denholm
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Blood Sample ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Selenium Deficiency ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
The Face ◽  
Cobalt Deficiency ◽  
Lamb Growth

A hill farm in eastern Scotland had noted poor lamb growth rates since 2014. Cobalt, selenium and copper deficiencies were reported from historical blood sample results, and trace element supplementation had been administered to the ewes, but not the lambs. A supplementation trial was undertaken in 2018 to compare the daily liveweight gain (DLWG) between lambs supplemented with trace elements and unsupplemented lambs. The trace element supplements used were intraruminal boluses containing 51-mg cobalt, 10-mg selenium and 60-mg iodine (Downland Essential Lamb bolus, Downland). Blood samples taken two months postsupplementation showed that unsupplemented lambs had cobalt-deficient status, but not selenium deficiency. Lambs supplemented with the trace element boluses had an increase in DLWG of 49 g/day compared with unsupplemented lambs. This case confirms that cobalt supplementation on deficient farms can be associated with a significant improvement in growth rates of growing lambs on Scottish hill farms.

scholarly journals Microscopic study of potential toxic effects of monosodium glutamate on liver of chicken embryos aged 16 days

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fawzyah A. Al-Ghamdi
Keyword(s):  
Bile Ducts ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Liver Growth ◽  
Chicken Embryos ◽  
Hepatic Cells ◽  
Liver Structure ◽  
Harmful Effects

Abstract Background This experimental study aimed to determine the changes caused by monosodium glutamate (MSG) on morphology and histology of liver of chicken embryos aged 16 days of incubation. In this research, 50 fertilized eggs were used. They were divided into two equal groups, one group was used as control with normal liver structure, while the other group (MSG) was treated with MSG in 0 day of incubation (0.1ml/egg). Results The results showed many harmful effects on hepatic cells, blood sinusoids, and bile ducts in MSG group. These changes included alterations in nuclei conformation and nuclear envelope. Chromatin distribution was associated with increased electronic intensity. Also, there were rupture in smooth endoplasm systems and malfunction of mitochondria and Golgi apparatus, with increased lysosomes and lipid droplets. Conclusions This study concluded that MSG had severe toxic effects on liver structure if it was given in pre-conception period as this period is considered critical for liver growth (organogenesis).

scholarly journals IPM-FFS Institutionalization In Nepal: A Case Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kul Prasad Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Learning Session ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Sense Of Ownership ◽  
Experimental Learning ◽  
Agriculture And Environment ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

FFS is a form of adult education based on the philosophy of experiential learning method aimed at building farmers’ expertise and capacity of analysis, critical thinking and decision-making. The objective of this paper is to assess the institutionalization status of IPM-FFS at the local level. The study is a case study and qualitative in nature. The research was conducted in Kathmandu and Tanahun districts. Hundred farmers from ten FFS, five in each of the district, were interviewed with semi-structured questionnaire. The result showed a seventy-five percent majority of FFS-graduates not having understanding and capacity of conducting experimental learning session in their own initiative. Additionally a majority of sixty percent did not use the knowledge learnt from the FFS learning session. Nevertheless, majority of the graduates acquired a lot of awareness about harmful effects of pesticides to human health, animal and environment. Likewise, eighty percent of the IPM-FFS groups did not repeat learning activities at the local level. Their majority did not share learnt skill to the non-participant farmers for its horizontal dissemination, and have a sense of ownership that empowered them to sustain the process at local level. All exhibited that IPM-FFS approach has not been institutionalized adequately for environment friendly promotion of cultivation. The Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:13, Jun.2012, Page 20-26 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v13i0.7583

Toxic Effects of Tributyltin and Triphenyhin on Antioxidative Defense System in the Sea Urchin Strongylocentyotus intermedius

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 482-485
Author(s):  
Jia Chen ◽  
Zhong Da Xia ◽  
Xiao Jie Chai ◽  
Li Qiang Zhao ◽  
Yuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Oxidative Injury ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Antioxidative Defense ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Antioxidative Defense System ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Harmful Effects

The aim of this study was to investigate the harmful effects of TBT and TPT using sea urchinStrongylocentyotus intermedius. At 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 days after TBT and TPT exposure, the examinations were taken. The results revealed that administration of TBT and TPT reduced the activities of antioxidants CAT and GPx, while MDA content increased. It was suggested that TBT and TPT were toxin with a variety of deleterious effects on sea urchin, indicating that oxidative injury and antioxidant defense system damage were induced by TBT and TPT.

scholarly journals Review on Chronic Exposure of Acrylamide Causes a Neurotoxicity Risk

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Narendra Maddu ◽  
S. Fareeda Begum
Keyword(s):  
Dna Adducts ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Synaptic Proteins ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Main Metabolite ◽  
Neurotoxic Effects ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Harmful Effects

The exposure and inhalation of acrylamide (ACR) are not safe to the human health leading to the potential neurotoxicity. ACR is widely used in biochemical techniques and highly occurs in processing foods such as potato chips prepared at high temperatures. ACR is formed from reducing sugars and asparagine through the Maillard reaction. It exerts various harmful and toxic effects such as neurotoxicity both in humans and animal studies. The extensive damage of synaptic proteins, the formation of ACR-DNA adducts, degeneration of motor neurons, neurofilament reduction, are the most common neurological symptoms. The main metabolite of ACR metabolism is glycidamide, and it causes harmful effects as same as ACR. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the neurotoxic effects of ACR on various regions of the brain and its different mechanistic pathways that are involved in ACR neurotoxicity. The consumption of ACR-containing foods and its exposure are reduced by the human, leading to the reduction of toxic effects associated with ACR.

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