The protective effect of Vitamin D and combination with liv-52 on lipid profiles in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver disease in Wistar rats

Background: Liver is the largest gland, accounts for approximately 2.5% of total body weight and also liver called as the metabolic “engine-room of the body.” Liver plays role in both metabolism as well as biochemical transformation. Therefore, it is vital to maintain a healthy liver for overall health and well-being. However, liver is continuously exposed to exogenous substances such as toxins, drugs, and alcohol which can ultimately lead to various liver disorders. Liver diseases today are one of the most fatal diseases globally. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate lipid peroxidation (LPO) and lipid profile levels of Vitamin D and combination with Liv-52 on carbon tetrachloride induced liver disease in rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six adult male Albino Wistar rats weighing 150–200 g were used in this study. Liver disease was induced in rats by administration of Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intraperitoneally at the dose of 1 mL mixed with 50% of olive oil twice a week for 5 weeks, 3 days interval between each dose, after confirmation of liver disease treated with Vitamin D and Liv-52 for 5 weeks. Results: The levels of LPO were significantly decreased in Vitamin D and Liv-52 treated animals when compared with CCl4 induced animals. Total cholesterol, free cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides (TGs) levels were significantly reduced when compared with CCl4 induced rats. However, the levels of ester cholesterol and free fatty acids (FFAs) were significantly increased in Vitamin D and Liv-52 treated animals when compared with CCl4 induced animals. Conclusion: Vitamin D and Liv-52 effectively reduced the LPO levels. Treatment with Vitamin D and Liv-52, the levels of total and free cholesterol, phospholipids, and TGs were significantly reduced and treatment with both combinations highly reduced all these levels when compared with CCl4 induced animals. And treatment with Vitamin D and Liv-52, the ester cholesterol and FFAs levels were increased.

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Correlation Between Body Composition Analysis and Biochemical Nutritional Markers in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients with Chronic Liver Disease

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.20.11.8378 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 71 (11) ◽

pp. 94-100

Author(s):

Luciana Carmen Nitoi ◽

Valeriu Ardeleanu ◽

Anca Pantea Stoian ◽

Lavinia Alexandra Moroianu

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Chronic Liver Disease ◽

The Body ◽

Chronic Liver ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

Arterial Line ◽

Body Protein ◽

Total Body

Several approaches have been used to assess protein-energy wasting syndrome, such as clinical evaluation, biochemical nutritional markers, anthropometric measurements, but Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) techniques hold a central place in clinical settings. The aim of this study is to report our clinical experience with BIA and the correlations between biochemical nutritional markers and BIA nutritional parameters in hemodialysis (HD) patients associating or free of chronic liver disease. This cross-sectional observational study included 69 HD patients divided into two groups: 33 with chronic liver disease (CLD+) versus 36 chronic liver disease-free (CLD-) from one HD unit in Romania. Serum albumin (SA), serum creatinine (SCr) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were obtained from the HD arterial line immediately before the HD session and by BIA the body composition including total body water (TBW), total body fat (TBF), lean fat free mass(LFFM), body muscular mass (BMM), malnutrition index and body protein reserve (PR) were assessed. No significant differences between groups were found in BCM, BMM, PR and TBF (p = 0.92, p = 0.60, p = 0.907, and p = 0.634, respectively). Malnutrition index had a significantly higher mean value in HD-CLD(+) patients (p = 0.00). HD-CLD(-) group showed a strong correlation between SA and SCr and BCM, BMM (kg), LFFM (kg) and body PR (kg) (r=.48, r=.50, r=.44, r=.50; resp. r=.42, r=.40, r=.36, r=.42). In HD-CLD(+) patients, a significant positive correlation was found between SA and SCr and LFFM and body PR (r=.37, r=.35; resp. r=.44, r=.35). Discussion: BIA is one of the most accurate techniques for assessing nutritional status and should be regularly used in clinical practice along with biochemical nutritional markers in HD patients. Although the protein metabolism depends to a large extent on liver function, CLD cannot be considered as having a significant impact on nutritional status in HD patients.

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GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI HATI TIKUS WISTAR YANG DIBERIKAN JUS TOMAT (Solanum Lycopersicum) PASCA KERUSAKAN HATI WISTAR YANG DIINDUKSI KARBON TETRAKLORIDA (CCl4)

Jurnal e-Biomedik ◽

10.35790/ebm.1.3.2013.3583 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Eka Sari Tappi ◽

Poppy Lintong ◽

Lily Loho

Keyword(s):

Carbon Tetrachloride ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Liver Cells ◽

The Body ◽

Tomato Juice ◽

Control Group ◽

Histopathological Changes ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii

Abstract: Liver is the largest organ in the abdominal cavity. As the center of metabolism in the body, liver is potentially damaged by exposure of toxic substances, inter alia carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Metabolism of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) produces CCl3 free radicals that can damage the liver. In Indonesia, there are a lot of natural ingredients that have antioxidant properties, such as tomato. Lycopene in tomatoes contains antioxidant compounds that can prevent damages due to free radical. This study aimed to obtain liver histopathological changes of wistar rats fed with tomato juice after being induced of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). This was an experimental study, using 10 wistar rats which were divided into 4 groups. Group I was the negative control; group II was induced with CCl4 0,05 cc/day and was terminated on day 6; group III was induced with CCl4 0,05 cc/day and was given tomato juice 3 ml/day, and terminated on day 13; group IV was induced by CCl4 0,05 cc/day, given regular pellets, and terminated on day 13. The results showed that group II had histopathological changes of the liver indicating fatty liver, meanwhile group III showed regeneration of nearly all liver cells. Conclusion: Administration of tomato juice after the induction of 3 ml carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for 7 day showed regeneration of almost all liver cells. Keywords: histopathological changes of the liver, carbon tetrachloride, tomato juice. Abstrak: Hati merupakan organ terbesar dalam rongga abdomen, dan pusat metabolisme tubuh dengan fungsi yang sangat kompleks dan sangat berpotensi mengalami kerusakan akibat terpapar oleh bahan-bahan toksik, salah satunya yaitu karbon tertraklorida (CCL4). Metabolisme CCl4 menghasilkan radikal bebas CCl3 yang dapat merusak hati. Di Indonesia terdapat banyak sekali bahan-bahan alami yang mempunyai kandungan antioksidan, salah satunya yaitu tomat. Tomat mengandung senyawa likopen sebagai antioksidan yang dapat mencegah kerusakan jaringan akibat radikal bebas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran histopatologi hati tikus wistar yang diberi jus tomat pasca induksi karbon tetraklorida (CCl4). Metode penelitian ialah eksperimental. Sampel sebanyak 10 ekor tikus wistar yang dibagi dalam 4 kelompok. Kelompok I sebagai kontrol negatif; kelompok II diinduksi CCl4 0,05cc/perhari dan diterminasi hari ke-6; kelompok III diinduksi CCl4 0,05 cc/hari kemudian diberikan jus tomat 3ml/hari; dan kelompok IV diinduksi CCl4 0,05 cc/hari kemudian diberikan pelet biasa dan diterminasi hari ke-13. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada pemberian CCl4 pada tikus wistar selama 5 hari terdapat gambaran morfologik perlemakan sel hati. Pemberian jus tomat dosis 3 ml pasca induksi karbon tetraklorida (CCl4) menunjukkan terjadinya regenerasi pada hampir seluruh sel-sel hati. Simpulan: Pemberian jus tomat dosis 3 ml pasca induksi karbon tetraklorida (CCl4) selama 7 hari menunjukkan regenerasi pada hampir seluruh sel-sel hati. Kata kunci: gambaran histopatologi hati, karbon tetraklorida, jus tomat.

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Can Vitamin D Positively Impact COVID-19 Risk and Severity Among Older Adults: A Review of the Evidence

Journal Of Aging Research And Healthcare ◽

10.14302/issn.2474-7785.jarh-20-3650 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Ray Marks

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Health Status ◽

High Risk ◽

Well Being ◽

The Body ◽

Chronic Health Conditions ◽

Health Conditions ◽

Chronic Health ◽

Vitamin D Levels

Background The coronavirus Covid-19 strain that emerged in December 2019, continues to produce a widespread and seemingly intractable negative impact on health and longevity in all parts of the world, especially, among older adults, and those with chronic health conditions. Aim The first aim of this review article was to examine, summarize, synthesize, and report on the research base concerning the possible use of vitamin-D supplementation for reducing both Covid-19 risk and severity, especially among older adults at high risk for Covid-19 infections. A second was to provide directives for researchers or professionals who work or are likely to work in this realm in the future. Methods All English language relevant publications detailing the possible efficacy of vitamin D as an intervention strategy for minimizing Covid-19 infection risk published in 2020 were systematically sought. Key words used were: Vitamin D, Covid-19, and Coronavirus. Databases used were PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. All relevant articles were carefully examined and those meeting the review criteria were carefully read, and described in narrative form. Results Collectively, these data reveal vitamin D is a powerful steroid like compound that is required by the body to help many life affirming physiological functions, including immune processes, but its deficiency may seriously impact the health status and well being of the older adult and others. Since vitamin D is not manufactured by the body directly, ensuring those who are deficient in vitamin D may prove a helpful overall preventive measure as well as a helpful treatment measure among older adults at high risk for severe Covid-19 disease outcomes. Conclusions Older individuals with chronic health conditions, as well as healthy older adults at risk for vitamin D deficiency are likely to benefit physically as well as mentally, from efforts to foster adequate vitamin D levels. Geriatric clinicians can expect this form of intervention to reduce infection severity in the presence of Covid-19 infection, regardless of health status, and subject to careful study, researchers can make a highly notable impact in this regard.

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Musanga cecropioides (Cecropiaceae) Attenuates Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Wistar Rats

10.26538/tjnpr/v2i11.4 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (11) ◽

pp. 482-488

Author(s):

Sylvester Omoruyi ◽

◽

Adaze Enogieru

Keyword(s):

Liver Disease ◽

Carbon Tetrachloride ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

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Ion and Water Balance in the Ixodid Tick Dermacentor Andersoni

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.58.2.523 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 523-536

Author(s):

W. R. KAUFMAN ◽

J. E. PHILLIPS

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Extracellular Fluid ◽

Total Body Weight ◽

Ixodid Tick ◽

The Body ◽

Dermacentor Andersoni ◽

Adult Feeding ◽

Feeding Cycle ◽

Total Body ◽

Sodium And Potassium

1. Of the total meal imbibed by female Dermacentor andersoni during the normal adult feeding cycle, about 80% is excreted. Of the total water excreted by the tick, 75% is removed by salivation, less than 3% is evaporated from the integument and spiracles, and the remainder is lost via the anus. 2. Of the total excreted sodium and potassium, 4 and 82% respectively are lost via the anus. The remainder in each case is presumed excreted via the salivary glands. 3. The ionic and osmotic concentrations of the haemolymph and saliva stabilize at constant values by the third or fourth day of feeding. The volume of extracellular fluid is constantly maintained at 23% of the body weight, even though the total body weight increases 75 times over the unfed weight, and the volume of excreted fluid passing through the haemolymph is about ten times the haemolymph volume at repletion.

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Effects of long-term treatment with growth hormone-releasing peptide-2 in the GHRH knockout mouse

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00203.2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 289 (5) ◽

pp. E762-E767 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Maria Alba ◽

Danilo Fintini ◽

Cyril Y. Bowers ◽

A. F. Parlow ◽

Roberto Salvatori

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Cell Mass ◽

Total Body Weight ◽

Term Treatment ◽

The Body ◽

Ghrelin Receptor ◽

Gh Secretion ◽

Long Term Treatment ◽

Total Body

Growth hormone (GH) secretagogues (GHS) stimulate GH secretion in vivo in humans and in animals. They act on the ghrelin receptor, expressed in both the hypothalamus and the pituitary. It is unknown whether GHSs act predominantly by increasing the release of hypothalamic GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) or by acting directly on the somatotroph cells. We studied whether a potent GHS could stimulate growth in the absence of endogenous GHRH. To this end, we used GHRH knockout (GHRH-KO) mice. These animals have proportionate dwarfism due to severe GH deficiency (GHD) and pituitary hypoplasia due to reduced somatotroph cell mass. We treated male GHRH-KO mice for 6 wk (from week 1 to week 7 of age) with GH-releasing peptide-2 (GHRP-2, 10 μg sc twice a day). Chronic treatment with GHRP-2 failed to stimulate somatotroph cell proliferation and GH secretion and to promote longitudinal growth. GHRP-2-treated mice showed an increase in total body weight compared with placebo-treated animals, due to worsening of the body composition alterations typical of GHD animals. These data demonstrate that GHRP-2 failed to reverse the severe GHD caused by lack of GHRH.

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La fraye d'une population d'éperlans géants, Osmerus eperlanus mordax, au lac Heney, Comté de Gatineau, Québec

Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada ◽

10.1139/f68-167 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 25 (9) ◽

pp. 1813-1830 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Roméo-O. Legault ◽

Claude Delisle

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Total Body Weight ◽

The Body ◽

Testis Weight ◽

Spawning Period ◽

Weight One ◽

Total Body ◽

Set Up ◽

The Right ◽

Two Populations

Two sympatric smelt populations inhabit Lake Heney, Gatineau County, Quebec. This study deals only with the population which we call "giant" but a brief discussion on "small smelt — large smelt" theory is included. The data were obtained from 1556 specimens collected with eight gillnets set up under the ice at one locality on Lake Heney, in February, March, and April 1967. The data permitted the determination of the time and site of spawning in the giant population. The time and site of spawning in the "dwarf" population was already known, and we found a marked difference in the spawning behavior and time of spawning of the two populations. The two populations are furthermore reproductively isolated. The sex ratio during the spawning period was closely followed and found to be similar to that of all other freshwater or marine smelts. A DeGiusti dredge, dragged along the bottom below the position of the gillnets immediately after the melting of the ice, permitted the collection of embryonic smelt eggs from a depth of 30–40 ft.The maturity index, relative fecundity, and intergonadal ratio were especially studied. Ovary weight at maturity represents in average one-quarter the total body weight, and testis weight one-fortieth the body weight. A 213-mm female lays an average of 42,460 eggs. The right ovary is 4.5 times smaller than the left one, and the right testis is on the average 3.8 times smaller than the left one.There is a direct relationship between total fecundity and length of mature females. This relation is expressed by the curve log E = 4.54 log L + k.

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UNDERSTANDING OF CONCEPT OF UDAKA IN AYURVEDA & MODERN PERSPECTIVE: A REVIEW

November 2020 - International Ayurvedic Medical Journal ◽

10.46607/iamj1908082020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 4157-4162

Author(s):

Babaita Sharma ◽

Sonkar A. K. ◽

Sunil Mewade

Keyword(s):

Total Body Water ◽

Total Body Weight ◽

Body Water ◽

The Body ◽

Biological Processes ◽

Physiological Basis ◽

Water Fraction ◽

Normal Quantity ◽

Total Body ◽

Modern Perspective

This review attempts to provide some concept about physiological aspect of Udaka in Ayurveda & its cor-relation with body water in modern perspective. Water is physiological basis of hydration & forms approx-imately 45-75% of total body weight (50-55% in female while 60- 65% in male) as total body water (TBW). Normal volume of water in body is highly essential to carry out all biological processes properly so is highly indispensable for life. In Ayurveda Udaka term is used to represent body water. Its normal quantity mentioned is ten Anjali meas-ured by one's own. It does not simply represent water in the body which we intake but signifies various form of body fluids like water fraction of Dhatus (Rasa, Rakta, Mamsa, Meda, Majja, Shukra), Upadhatus (Stanya and Vasa) and Malas (Mutra, Sweda and Dravyansh of Purish). It can be correlated with the concept of total body water in modern physiology.

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Hormonal Control of Sexual Maturity in Octopus

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.36.1.1 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 1-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. J. WELLS ◽

J. WELLS

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Optic Nerve ◽

Sexual Maturity ◽

Basal Area ◽

Total Body Weight ◽

Hormonal Control ◽

The Body ◽

Nerve Section ◽

Normal Manner ◽

Total Body

1. Gonad and body weight records have been collected for 487 individual octopuses over a period of 3 years. 2. In the size range used for experiments (200-1000 g.), the ovary is always immature in control animals, and constitutes only about 1/500th of the total body weight. The testis is rather larger, generally ripe, and forms about 1/100th of the body weight, increasing somewhat relative to the size of the body over the range considered. 3. Following optic nerve section, or removal of certain parts of the supraoesophageal lobes, the gonads enlarge. In females the ovary enlarges from 1/500th to as much as 1/5th of the total body weight within 5 weeks of operation and this may be followed by laying of fertile eggs that are brooded in a normal manner. In males where the testis is generally mature before operation the enlargement produced is only of the order of 50%. 4. Enlargement of testis or ovary is always accompanied by enlargement of one or both of the optic glands, and operational treatments that normally cause enlargement of the gonad are ineffective if the optic glands are first removed. 5. The optic glands are innervated from the subpedunculate/dorsal basal area in the hind part of the supraoesophageal brain mass. Lesions in this area, or severance of the nerve tracts running along the sides of the brain from it to the optic glands, cause these and the gonads to enlarge. 6. Unilateral central lesions or optic nerve section cause optic gland enlargement on the operated side only, but appear to be as effective in determining gonad enlargement as bilateral treatments. 7. It is concluded that maturation of the gonad is determined by secretion from the optic glands which is normally held in check by an inhibitory nerve supply from the subpedunculate/dorsal basal lobe area. The action of this region is in turn dependent upon the integrity of the optic nerves and thus, presumably, upon light. 8. This system in cephalopods is compared with analogous systems regulating sexual maturity in arthropods and vertebrates.

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