scholarly journals Acute respiratory tract infection among preschool children in Western Maharashtra, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Mahesh B Tondare ◽  
VV Raje ◽  
Sachin Mumbare ◽  
MV Rayate ◽  
Sangamesh Tondare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
School Children ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Malnutrition and infectious diseases both occur in the same unfortunate children and together they play a major role in causing the high morbidity and mortality in them.In developing countries, mortality from ARTI is 30?70 times higher than in developed countries and it has been estimated that up to 1/3rd of all deaths in children less than 5 years are attributed to ARTI. Aims & Objectives: This study aimed to find the attack rate of Acute Respiratory Tract infection and the socio?demographic variables of pre?school children suffering from Acute Respiratory Tract infections. Method: A Comparative Longitudinal study was carried out among preschool children (3?5 years) who were selected from Private pre?primary school of urban area (155)& Anganwadis (157) of urban slum area of karad town and followed for the period of one year. Mother/guardian/teacher was interviewed by using pre?tested proforma during this period. Results & Interpretation: out of all 97.4% of private pre?primary school children had 1.8 episodes/child/year of ARTI compared to Anganwadi children where all of them had 2.5 episodes/child/year of ARTI. Conclusion: Maximum number of children from private pre?primary schools from urban area also suffered with at least one episode of Acute Respiratory Tract Infection compared to Anganwadi children from urban slum areas. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i4.10044 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2014 Vol.5(4); 34-38

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR AND USE OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT ON THE SYMPTOMS OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS IN FURNITURE INDUSTRY WORKERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Merry Sunaryo
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Environmental Factor ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
Wood Dust ◽  
Furniture Industry ◽  
Tract Infections

Dust is one type of potential hazardzs in the workplace that can affect the health of the workers. The occupation that are always exposed to dust is furniture industry workers so that they have higher risk of getting acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) disorder which can interfere with breathing. The wood dust is formed from some of the sawn wood and sanding that will lead to an acute respiratory tract infection. The study aimed to determine the effect of environmental factor and the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) against the symptoms of acute respiratory infections in the furniture industry workers. The research method used was quantitative method with observational and cross-sectional research types and it was analysed by using logistic regression test. The population in this study was the workers of the furniture industry at Semarang street, Surabaya City, with a total of 57 people, of which 37 furniture workers as a sample. The results show that most of the workers has symptoms of acute respiratory tract infection. It could be influenced by the environmental factor such as dust exposure that produced wood dust in each manufacturing processes. Additionally, the use of PPE also affected the occurrence of acute respiratory tract infections symptoms in the workers. In conslusion, many factors can influence the occurrence of acute respiratory tract infection symptoms in the furniture industry workers. Therefore, it is necessary to minimize the dust exposure in workers by wearing PPE such as respirators.

scholarly journals Features associated with SARS-COV-2 positivity among people presenting with acute respiratory tract infections to public Hospitals in Harari region, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212110627
Author(s):  
Abdi Birhanu ◽  
Galana Mamo Ayana ◽  
Miesso Bayu ◽  
Ahmed Mohammed ◽  
Yadeta Dessie
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Despite investigating coronavirus among respiratory tract infected cases is a top priority to prevent further transmission, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 positivity among this group of patients remains unexplored in resource-limited settings. Therefore, this study intended to assess the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 positivity among patients presenting with acute respiratory tract infection from 1 July to 31 December 2020 in Harar Region, Ethiopia, from 15 February to 10 March 2021. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study design was used. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was tested by assaying oropharyngeal swabs using reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction among patients presenting with acute respiratory tract infection in Harari Public Hospitals. A binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 positivity with an adjusted odds ratio at a 95% confidence interval. Results: Out of a total of 1692 study participants, 388 (22.9%) of them tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Of these severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 positive patients, 364 (21.6%) patients presented with lower respiratory tract infection, while the rest only 24 (1.4%) presented with upper respiratory tract infection. Independent variables included separated/divorced in marital status (AOR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.29–0.95), presenting with cough, fever, and difficulty of breathing (AOR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.22–4.7), age group of 30–39 years (AOR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.15–0.79), 40–49 years (AOR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.14–0.94), and 50–59 years (AOR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.13–0.76) compared to patients with the age of ⩾ 60 years, had statistically significant association with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 positivity. Conclusion: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was positive among 388 (22.9%) acute respiratory tract infected people. Elder age, particular symptoms, such as cough, fever, and difficulty of breathing, and married marital status were associated with a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 positive test. In resource-limited setups, where a shortage of testing equipment is common, these findings could contribute to boosting targeted symptom-oriented screening schemes. Moreover, this study could have paramount clinical importance for further studies in the country.

scholarly journals Prediction model for pneumonia in primary care patients with an acute respiratory tract infection: role of symptoms, signs, and biomarkers

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Groeneveld ◽  
J. W. van ’t Wout ◽  
N. J. Aarts ◽  
C. J. van Rooden ◽  
T. J. M. Verheij ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Clinical Model ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Diagnosing pneumonia can be challenging in general practice but is essential to distinguish from other respiratory tract infections because of treatment choice and outcome prediction. We determined predictive signs, symptoms and biomarkers for the presence of pneumonia in patients with acute respiratory tract infection in primary care. Methods From March 2012 until May 2016 we did a prospective observational cohort study in three radiology departments in the Leiden-The Hague area, The Netherlands. From adult patients we collected clinical characteristics and biomarkers, chest X ray results and outcome. To assess the predictive value of C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin and midregional pro-adrenomedullin for pneumonia, univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression were used to determine risk factors and to develop a prediction model. Results Two hundred forty-nine patients were included of whom 30 (12%) displayed a consolidation on chest X ray. Absence of runny nose and whether or not a patient felt ill were independent predictors for pneumonia. CRP predicts pneumonia better than the other biomarkers but adding CRP to the clinical model did not improve classification (− 4%); however, CRP helped guidance of the decision which patients should be given antibiotics. Conclusions Adding CRP measurements to a clinical model in selected patients with an acute respiratory infection does not improve prediction of pneumonia, but does help in giving guidance on which patients to treat with antibiotics. Our findings put the use of biomarkers and chest X ray in diagnosing pneumonia and for treatment decisions into some perspective for general practitioners.

scholarly journals 683. Molecular Detection of Enterovirus D68 among Children with Acute Respiratory Tract Infection in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S395-S395
Author(s):  
Joyce Appiah-Kubi
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Viral Origin ◽  
Enterovirus D68 ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Acute respiratory tract infections of viral origin remain a leading cause of morbidity, mortality and economic loss regardless of age or gender. A small number of acute respiratory tract infection cases caused by enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) have been reported regularly to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention since 1987 by countries in North America, Europe and Asia. However, in 2014 and 2015, the number of reported confirmed EV-D68 infections was much greater than in previous years. The National Influenza Centre (NIC), Ghana carries out surveillance of respiratory infections, focusing on those caused by influenza virus; however, there is inadequate information on other viruses causing respiratory infections in Ghana, including EV-D68. Objectives To investigate the association of EV-D68 with Severe Acute Respiratory Infections (SARI) and Influenza-Like Illness (ILI) in Ghana. Methods This was a retrospective cross-sectional study which involved archived human respiratory specimens stored at -80ºC at the NIC from 2014 to 2015. Using a random sampling method, oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal swabs from patients with SARI and ILI that were negative by real-time PCR for human influenza viruses were screened for EV-D68 using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Results Enterovirus D68 was detected in 4 (2.2%) out 182 SARI samples tested. EV-D68 was detected in children younger than 5 years (4-100% of positives) and was not detected in children older than 5 years. Enterovirus D68 was detected more frequently in SARI cases (3%) than in ILI cases (1.2%). Conclusion This study has shown for the first time the presence of EV-D68 in acute respiratory infection in Ghana. The results confirmed minimal EV-D68 circulation in the Ghanaian population. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Detection and phylogenetic analysis of Human bocavirus in children diagnosed with acute respiratory tract infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 1197-1202
Author(s):  
Rania Abozahra ◽  
Sarah M. Abdelhamid ◽  
Karim Khairy ◽  
Kholoud Baraka
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Genetic Lineage ◽  
Human Bocavirus ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction. Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a recently discovered parvovirus; it has been shown to be a common cause of respiratory infections and gastroenteritis in children. Since its identification, HBoV has been detected worldwide in nasopharyngeal swabs, serum and stool samples particularly those obtained from young children suffering from respiratory or gastrointestinal tract infections. Aim. The aim of this work was to determine HBoV prevalence among children with acute respiratory tract infection in Egypt, to detect the most prevalent HBoV genotype and to compare PCR and ELISA as diagnostic techniques for HBoV infection. Methods. Nasopharyngeal swabs and blood samples were obtained within the first day of admission from 75 children diagnosed with acute respiratory tract infection in El-Shatby University Hospital for Children in Alexandria, Egypt from October 2018 to March 2019. Conventional PCR was used to detect HBoV DNA, ELISA was used to detect HBoV IgM antibodies and sequencing of the VP1/2 genes was used for genotyping. Results. Seven (9.3%) of the 75 nasopharyngeal swabs obtained from patients with acute respiratory tract infection were positive for HBoV by PCR, while 5 (6.7 %) of the 75 serum samples were positive for HBoV IgM antibodies using ELISA. The correlation between PCR and ELISA results showed a highly significant association between PCR and ELISA techniques (X 2=52.041, P<0.01) and a highly significant agreement between the two methods (Kappa=81.9 %, P<0.01). Phylogenetic analysis showed that all positive samples were related to the HBoV-1 genotype. Conclusion. Human bocavirus was detected at 9.3 % prevalence in nasopharyngeal swabs obtained from children with acute respiratory tract infection. The HBoV-1 genotype was the only genotype detected, suggesting that a single genetic lineage of HBoV is circulating in Egypt. PCR and ELISA are two reliable methods for detection and diagnosis of HBoV.

scholarly journals Peresepan Obat “Off-Label” Pada Anak Dengan Penyakit Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Oki Nugraha Putra ◽  
Eri Destin Anggraini ◽  
Ana Khusnul Faizah
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Off Label Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Off Label ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Label Use

ABSTRAKInfeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) termasuk penyakit yang banyak terjadi di Indonesia terutama pada usia anak. Pada populasi anak berisiko mendapatkan peresepan obat off-label dikarenakan terbatasanya data efikasi obat untuk anak. Penggunaan obat off-label meningkatkan risiko efek yang tidak dikehendaki. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan obat secara off-label pada peresepan pasien ISPA anak. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional dengan menggunakan desain cross-sectional. Pengumpulan data menggunakan peresepan obat dengan diagnosis ISPA  pada anak usia 0-18 tahun. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan November 2019 sampai dengan Februari 2020. Pada` penelitian ini didapatkan 124 resep dengan diagnosis ISPA. Penggunaan obat off-label pada peresepan penyakit infeksi saluran pernapasan akut untuk pasien anak sebesar 23% dengan kategori off-label usia (15,67%), off-label dosis (5,70%), off-label rute pemberian (1,22%) dan off-label indikasi (0,40%). Jenis obat off-label paling banyak diresepkan untuk ISPA anak adalah antihistamin klorfeniramin maleat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan obat off-label pada penyakit ISPA anak cukup tinggi. Farmasis dan dokter dapat berkolaborasi untuk pemantauan penggunaan obat yang tergolong off-label. Penelitian lanjutan diperlukan untuk melihat korelasi atau faktor risiko yang berpotensi meningkatkan penggunaan off-label pada ISPA anak. Kata kunci : Obat off-label; ISPA; Peresepan; Anak. ABSTRACTAcute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) is a disease that often occurs in Indonesia, especially in children. The population of children is high risk of receiving off-label prescription drugs. The use of off-label drugs increases the risk of undesirable effects. This study was aimed to evaluate the off-label use of drugs in prescribing with acute respiratory tract infection. This research is a descriptive observational study using a cross-sectional design. Data was collected by the prescription in children aged 0-18 years old with acute respiratory tract infection. This study was conducted from November 2019 to February 2020. In this study, 124 prescriptions were obtained with a diagnosis of ARTI. The use of off-label drugs was 23% with the off-label age category (15.67%), off-label dose (5.70%), off-label route of administration (1.22%) and off-label indication (0.40%). The type of off-label drug most commonly prescribed in children with ARTI is chlorpheniramine maleate. It can be concluded that the use of off-label drugs in children with ARTI disease is quite high. Pharmacists and clinicians should collaborate each other to monitor the use of drugs that are classified as off-label. Further research is needed to analyze   correlations or risk factors that potentially may increase off-label use in children with ARTI.Keywords : Off-label drugs; Acute Respiratory Tract ; Infection; Prescribing; Children.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Molecular Identification of Mycoplasma pneumoniae associated respiratory tract, Zhejiang province, China, 2008-2017

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Jiang ◽  
Zhao Zhao ◽  
Fangfang Yang ◽  
Yumei Ge
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Taqman Probe ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of respiratory infections in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the infection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) in patients with acute respiratory tract infections in Zhejiang Province from 2008 to 2017, and to provide evidence for the early diagnosis and prevention of MP pneumonia. Methods MP-DNA was detected in nasopharyngeal swabs of patients with acute respiratory tract infection by real-time fluorescent PCR (Taqman probe). Statistical analysis and epidemiological investigation were carried out on the test results. Results There were 10296 patients with acute respiratory tract infection in Zhejiang People's Hospital from 2008 to 2017, including 4387 females and 5909 males. A total of 1251 MP-DNA positive patients were detected, with a total positive rate of 12.2% (1251/10296). Among 1251 patients with M. pneumoniae infection, 571 were female positive, with an average positive rate of 13.0% (571/4387), 680 were male positive, with a positive rate of 11.5% (680/5909). From 2008 to 2017, the positive rates were 22.8% (33 cases), 20.9% (211 cases), 20.9% (350 cases), 5.5% (70 cases), 11.7% (136 cases), 15.2% (190 cases), 7.8% (94 cases), 5.9% (62 cases), 7.8% (56 cases) and 6.0% (49 cases), respectively. Of 1251 MP-DNA positive patients, 1243 (99.4%) were younger than 18 years old. Conclusions MP infection mainly occurs in the age below 18 years old, suggesting that early diagnosis and prevention of MP infection in adolescents should be emphasized.

scholarly journals Effect of vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract infection : an evidence-based case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Oki Yonatan Oentiono ◽  
Nurul Ratna Mutu Manikam
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: One of the frequent health problems that regularly occurs in Indonesia, as a tropical country is an acute respiratory tract infection, including influenza. Since immunological benefit of vitamin D already proven, hypothetically, vitamin D can be used as protective agent to prevent influenza or other respiratory tract infections. Objective: This evidence-based case report was focused on the evaluation of protective ability of vitamin D supplementation to prevent influenza or other acute respiratory tract infections.Methods: Literature searching was conducted on PubMed data base and Cochrane Library using the related keyword combinations.Results: Two randomized-clinical trials (RCTs) and a meta-analysis study were fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Vitamin D supplementation did not reduce the incidence of influenza but reduce the incidence of non-influenza infection. High-dose vitamin D supplementation had no effect on the reduction of acute respiratory tract infection incidence. The meta-analysis concluded that vitamin D supplementation reduced the risk for acute respiratory tract infection and the stronger effects occurred on low-levels of vitamin D serum.Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation may prevent acute respiratory tract infections, especially in subjects with low-levels of vitamin D serum.

scholarly journals Systematic Review: Study of the Prescribing Pattern of Antibiotics in Outpatients and Emergency Departments in the Gulf Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana Kamran Mahmood ◽  
Syed Wasif Gillani ◽  
Muhammad Waqas Saeed ◽  
Muhammad Umar Hafeez ◽  
Shabaz Muhammad Gulam
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Emergency Departments ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Prescribing Pattern ◽  
English Articles ◽  
Tract Infections

Purpose: To study the prescribing pattern of antibiotics in outpatients and emergency departments in the Gulf region. To compare the appropriateness of prescriptions and antibiotics commonly prescribed for respiratory tract infection.Method: The search was limited to the years 2008–2020, and articles had to be in English. Articles were searched from various resources and evaluated using PRISMA. Forty-one articles were selected and screened, and in the end, 17 articles were included in the study. All articles were selected from the gulf region of six countries: UAE, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Oman, Yemen, and Bahrain. Only primary literature were included. Inpatient and literature from other countries outside the gulf region were excluded.Result: Penicillins, cephalosporins, and macrolides are highly useful antibiotics for respiratory tract infections. Ceftriaxone IV is recommended in acute respiratory tract infection if therapy with penicillin fails. Most of the antibiotic prescriptions in Gulf countries are inappropriate. Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing in the gulf region varies from place to place and reaches a maximum of 80%. Antibiotics may be prescribed with the wrong dosage or frequency and inappropriate guidelines. Penicillins are prescribed at about 50–60%; the most common penicillins prescribed are amoxicillin and co-amoxiclave. Cephalosporins are prescribed at about 30%, and the most common are third-generation. Macrolides are prescribed at about 17–20%, and the most common macrolides are azithromycin and clarithromycin. Fluoroquinolones are prescribed at about 10–12%, of which levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin are more commonly prescribed with metronidazole at 10%.Conclusion: It is suggested that the antibiotic-prescribing pattern in outpatient and emergency departments in the Gulf region are highly inappropriate and need improvement through education, following guidelines, annual vaccination, and stewardship programs; the most prescribed antibiotic is amoxicillin/co-amoxiclave, and the most often encountered infection in outpatients is acute respiratory tract infection.

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