scholarly journals Estimation and Projection of Fertility, 2001-2031: Province 2, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (43) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Bijaya Mani Devkota
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Linear Interpolation ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Frequency Table ◽  
Data Files ◽  
Children Ever Born

Fertility is an essential tool of population growth which levels and patterns can assist to formulate and evaluate policies related to population change. Fertility decline in Nepal has been tested and tried with different studies gives different figures like demographic health survey and national census data but varies data in provincial level. This study describes number of children ever born and number of birth before 12 months who were given birth by reproductive (15-49) age group of women. The study has utilized census data from CBS that were conducted in 2001 and 2011. These national household censuses were carried out in 12.5 percent of total household. From census data files 1,063,903 and 1,304,079 number of reproductive age group of women were identified through analysis. The study was carried out adhering to the Arriaga method and changing P/F ratio method. Age sex pyramids and frequency table represent demographic scenario of provincial 2. The TFR values of province 2 exact years 2016, 2021, 2026 and 2031 were obtained by linear interpolation and extrapolation by 2031, it will to reach TFR replacement level. 

scholarly journals Changing education, changing fertility: a decomposition of completed fertility in Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Edith Gray ◽  
Ann Evans
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Fertility Trends ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Lower Fertility ◽  
Children Ever Born ◽  
Education Groups ◽  
The Relationship

Background The expansion of education in Australia, particularly for women, is one of the most significant social changes of the last five decades. The relationship between education and fertility has been widely studied, showing that increases in higher education for women are consistently associated with lower fertility. Given the close link between education and fertility, this paper questions what effect the changing educational profile of Australian women has had on overall fertility trends. Aims This paper investigates the effect of the increase in education on completed fertility by decomposing the change in overall completed fertility into two components: (1) change in completed fertility as a result of the proportion of women in different education categories and, (2) changes in completed fertility of women in each education category. Data and methods The study uses 2016 Census data on the number of children ever born of five cohorts of women born between 1952 and 1976. Decomposition is used to distinguish the effects of the two components. Results The educational composition of women in these cohorts is dramatically different, with an increasing number of women having completed tertiary education in later cohorts. Completed fertility has also changed across successive cohorts. We find that for the earliest cohorts most of the decline is due to declines in completed fertility within education categories, but for later cohorts the decline is attributable to increases in the proportion of women with higher levels of education. Conclusions Despite tertiary education becoming much more common, fertility within this group remains lower than other education groups. While other countries have seen a narrowing of the gap in fertility rates between education groups, this pattern is not found in Australia.

scholarly journals Trends of Using Contraceptive Methods among Married Females of Reproductive Age Group in Village Mangokivirkan, District Gujranwala, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Saadia Shahzad ◽  
Anjum Maqsood
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: Use of contraceptives in developing countries is very low, particularly in Pakistan it is 34%. Objective: To study trends of contraceptive use among married females of reproductive age group in a rural area ofPakistan and to identify possible risk factors influencing the use of contraceptives among the sample population. Methods: It was a descriptive cross sectional study. A total of 213 married females of reproductive age wereincluded in the study and multistage cluster sampling technique was applied. Study variables included sociodemographic variables along with knowledge and practice of respondents regarding the use of contraceptives. Datacollection instrument was a self-developed questionnaire and data was collected from 220 females. Results: Mean age was 29.6±6.19 and only 38% were using contraceptive method and 62% were not using anycontraceptive method. Among the respondents 40% were counseled for Family Planning (FP) by some source.Highly significant association was found between contraceptive use and duration of marriage, decision making,family type, desired number of children, counseling for FP, in favor of FP, and number of children alive. Probableinfluencing predictors were found to be decision making of females, type of family, desired number of children,counseling for FP, and in favor of FP. Conclusion: FP counseling needs to be enhanced on war footing at all levels with due cooperation of communityparticipation.

scholarly journals Hubungan Paritas dan Karakteristik Individu terhadap Pemakaian Alat Kontrasepsi diantara Wanita Usia Subur di Provinsi Jawa Timur Tahun 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
Ratna Dwi Wulandari ◽  
Agung Dwi Laksono
Keyword(s):  
Junior High School ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Number Of Children

East Java Province, which is dominated by Javanese and Madurese, has a community with cultural characteristics that consider having a large number of children will many fortunes. This study aimed to analyze the relationship of parity on the use of contraceptives in women of childbearing age in East Java. The study used data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey. The population was women of reproductive age (15-49 years) in East Java. By using stratification and multistage random sampling obtained 5,593 respondents. In addition to the use of contraceptives and parity, other variables were the type of residence, age group, level of education, work status, marital status, socioeconomic status, and health insurance ownership. Determination of influence using binary logistic regression. The results showed that parity was one of the determinants of contraceptive use in East Java. Multiparous women of childbearing age were 4.114 times higher than primiparous women for contraception. Women in the 15-19 age group were 8.413 times more likely to use contraception than the 45-49 year age group. While women in the age group 40-44 years have the possibility of 2.209 times. Women with an elementary-junior high school education were 3.931 times more likely than those without school to use contraception. While those with tertiary education are likely 4.957 times compared to those not in school. Poor women were 1.525 times more likely than the poorest to use contraception. It could be concluded that parity was one of the determinants of contraceptive use in women of childbearing age in East Java Province. Abstrak Provinsi Jawa Timur didominasi oleh suku Jawa dan Madura. Kedua suku memiliki karakter pandangan budaya tentang jumlah anak yang banyak, yaitu banyak anak, banyak rejeki. Penelitian ditujukan untuk menganalisis hubungan paritas terhadap pemakaian alat kontrasepsi pada wanita usia subur di Jawa Timur. Penelitian menggunakan data Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2017. Populasi adalah wanita usia subur (15-49 tahun) di Jawa Timur. Dengan menggunakan stratification and multistage random sampling didapatkan 5.593 responden. Selain pemakaian alat kontrasepsi dan paritas, variabel lain yang adalah tipe tempat tinggal, kelompok umur, tingkat pendidikan, status bekerja, status perkawinan, status sosioekonomi, dan kepemilikan asuransi kesehatan. Penentuan pengaruh menggunakan regresi logistik biner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa paritas merupakan salah satu determinan pemakaian alat kontrasepsi di Jawa Timur. Wanita multipara kemungkinan 4,114 kali lebih tinggi dibanding wanita primipara untuk memakai alat kontrasepsi. Wanita pada kelompok umur 15-19 tahun memiliki kemungkinan 8,413 kali dibanding kelompok umur 45-49 tahun untuk memakai alat kontrasepsi. Sementara wanita pada kelompok umur 40-44 tahun memiliki kemungkinan 2,209 kali. Wanita berpendidikan SD-SLTP kemungkinan 3,931 kali dibanding yang tidak sekolah untuk memakai alat kontrasepsi. Sedang yang berpendidikan perguruan tinggi kemungkinan 4,957 kalidibanding yang tidak sekolah. Wanita miskin kemungkinan 1,525 kali dibanding yang paling miskin untuk memakai alat kontrasepsi. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa paritas merupakan salah satu determinan pemakaian alat kontrasepsi pada wanita usia subur di Provinsi Jawa Timur.

DEMAND FOR LONG-ACTING AND PERMANENT CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS AMONG KURDISH WOMEN IN MAHABAD, IRAN

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 772-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
HATAM HOSSEINI ◽  
FATEMEH TORABI ◽  
BALAL BAGI
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Fertility Survey ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies ◽  
Kurdish Women ◽  
Children Ever Born ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Near Future

SummaryIt is anticipated that the demand for contraceptives in Iran will increase in the near future as the number of women of reproductive age increases and with women wanting smaller families. The aim of this paper was to study the demand for long-acting and permanent contraceptive methods (LAPCMs), and its determinants, among Kurdish women in Mahabad city, Iran. Data were taken from the Mahabad Fertility Survey (MFS) conducted on a sample of over 700 households in April 2012. The results show that the demand for LAPCMs was 71.35% at the time of survey, although only 27.7% of women were using these methods. Thus, the number of unintended pregnancies is likely to increase in the future if this gap is not reduced. The multivariate analysis showed significant impacts on the dependent variables of the number of children ever born, perceived contraceptive costs and childbearing intentions. Moreover, women at the end of their reproductive lives and those with higher education were more likely to desire LAPCMs. It is concluded that despite a growing use of contraceptive methods in Iran in recent decades, the development of reproductive health services and promotion of the quality of family planning services remains a necessity.

Factors Affecting the Availability of Abortion Providers

2021 ◽  
pp. 056943452110105
Author(s):  
Marshall H. Medoff
Keyword(s):  
Parental Involvement ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Abortion Rate ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
State Data ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Jel Classifications

This study, using state data, empirically examines the factors affecting the availability of abortion providers over the period 1992–2011. The empirical results found that the labor force participation of women and the percentage of women of reproductive age in the 18–24 age group were positively associated with the number of abortion providers in a state. The level of antiabortion activities and antiabortion attitudes were negatively associated with the number of abortion providers in a state. Also, a state’s abortion rate was positively associated with the number of abortion providers. The enforcement of a parental involvement law by a state significantly deters physicians or organizations from becoming or remaining abortion providers. JEL Classifications: I11, I18, K32, K38

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and practice of family planning among women of reproductive age group attending outpatient department in a tertiary centre of Northern India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahvish Qazi ◽  
Najmus Saqib ◽  
Sachin Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Total Fertility Rate ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
Family Planning Methods

Background: India with 1.35 billion people is the second most populated country in the world next to China. Total fertility rate of India is 2.2 and the current total fertility rate of Jammu and Kashmir is 1.7 which is still lagging behind various states. This study was conducted to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practices of contraception in women of reproductive age in this set up.Methods: The present cross-sectional study was carried out in patients attending OPD (outpatient department) of Obstetrics and Gynecology at ASCOMS, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India from 1st September 2017 to 31st August 2018. 200 married women aged between 18-49 years were included in this study. Socio-demographic characteristics of the women, their knowledge, attitude and practices on contraception were evaluated with the help of predesigned questionnaire.Results: Out of 200 women, maximum respondents belong to age group of 21-25 years (75.6%). Most of the contraceptive non-users belongs to age below 20 years (62.5%). Majority of respondents were Hindu (70.37%), maximum studied up to secondary level education (84.61%), 70.30% were housewives and 56.58% belongs to middle class. In 45% of respondents, media was the main source of information. Preferred spacing method was condom in 85% of cases. 68% women had knowledge of female sterilization. According to most women, family planning methods are meant for limitations of birth (43%) and 36% meant for spacing of birth. 80% women had positive attitude towards contraceptive usage. 50% experienced side effects with the use of contraceptives. The most common side effect was menstrual irregularities in 25% of cases. Most common reason for not using contraceptive methods among non-respondents were lack of knowledge in 50% of cases.Conclusions: The study showed that inspite of having good knowledge, utilization of contraceptives were less because of large family norm, religious myth, cultural and political barriers. Ignorance regarding use and side effects of various contraceptive methods is another reason for inadequate practice of family planning methods.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Parental Burnout: Parents Locked Down but Not More Exhausted

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110300
Author(s):  
Sarah Le Vigouroux ◽  
Astrid Lebert-Charron ◽  
Jaqueline Wendland ◽  
Emilie Boujut ◽  
Céline Scola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Daily Functioning ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Parenting Role ◽  
At Home

Lockdowns put in place in response to the COVID-19 health crisis have changed daily functioning for families and potentially the emotional experience of individuals in their parenting role. Our study aimed to highlight the importance of the environmental consequences associated with lockdowns on parental burnout. We compared data on parental burnout levels from two French samples: the first collected in 2018 ( N = 1332) and the second collected during the last month of lockdown ( N = 522). Our results show that parents included during the lockdown period reported significantly, but slightly, higher saturation (a dimension of the parental burnout construct) than parents included 2 years earlier. However, the number of children per age group, maintaining employment, and having to provide schooling at home are not variables that explain differences in the level of parental burnout between our two samples. Our results are discussed with regard to the risk factors identified and the French context.

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