scholarly journals Informal Street Food Trade: A Source of Income Generation in Urban Nepal

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Dipak Bahadur Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Urban Poor ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unemployed People ◽  
Street Food ◽  
Food Trade ◽  
Investment Rates ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Economic Journal ◽  
The City

Street food trade is a growing sector in many developing countries, Nepal among them. As a means to provide low-cost food to a growing urban population of poor, unemployed people and low-wageworkers, street food trade –a predominantly self and family-based activity – has become an opportunity to generate income for many among those same urban poor living in Kathmandu Metropolitan City. On the basis of cross-sectional data collected from a sample of 50 street food vendors in two main areas of the city – namely New Bus Park and Ratna Park – this chapter analyzes the determinants affecting street food vendors’ income: whether it is correlated to vendors’ investment rates, education level, and labor supply, thus attempting to find employment and income patterns. Data are analyzed using OLS regression, and STATA- 12 statistical software. Economic Journal of Development Issues Vol. 23 & 24 No. 1-2 (2017) Combined Issue, Page : 1-17

scholarly journals Microbiological Quality of Drinking Water in Sachets Sold in the City of Yaoundé in Cameroon: Tests of Sensitivity to the Antibiotics of Bacteria Isolated

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Nguepidjo Gilbert ◽  
Kapso Tchouankep Mireille ◽  
Ngong Ankiambom Innocent ◽  
Tonmeu Douyong Chimène Sandrine ◽  
Enoka Patrice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The City

Water is the basic drink for human beings and drinking water in sachets is very popular because of its relatively low cost and availability. The aim of this study is to determine the bacteriological profile of sachet drinking water sold in the city of Yaounde. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study covering the period from March to June 2019, carried out in the application laboratory of ETMS-Yaounde. A total of 230 samples of drinking water in sachets purchased in different markets in the city of Yaounde were analyzed using Mac Conkey's flooding method. The identification was done on the API 20 E Gallery and the susceptibility test on Mueller Hinton media. The size of the sample was 230 packaged sachet drinking water and 213 of the 230 revealed 92% of positive culture of germs, and only 17 samples gave a negative culture, at a percentage of 8% of isolated germs. The isolated bacterial species and their respective abundances in samples were Enterobacter gergoviae (3%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (5%), Proteus mirabilis (5%), Serratia fonticola (5%), Salmonella choler arizonae cloacae (8%), Salmonella spp. (8%), Enterobacter cloacae (10%), Staphylococcus aureus (10%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (28%). All these tested germs were resistant to Amoxicillin and Erythromycin and 70% of tested germs were sensitive to Gentamycin. Overall, the results revealed poor microbiological quality of these waters. This exposes consumers to health risks, and it is important to inform and sensitize consumers about the risks involved, to educate producers and to control their activities by the health services.

scholarly journals Impact of educational lectures on female adolescents’ knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases and cervical cancer in the city of Jundiaí, SP

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-290
Author(s):  
João Bosco Ramos Borges ◽  
Marcus Vinícus Gonçalves Belintani ◽  
Patrícia Frodl Miranda ◽  
Ana Carolina Marchesini de Camargo ◽  
Renata Guarisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The City

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the knowledge of adolescents living in Vila Ana and Morada das Vinhas region, in the city of Jundiaí, State of São Paulo, Brazil, on prevention and diagnosis of the main sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and on cervical cancer, as well as the immediate impact of educational lectures. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was performed to assess the knowledge of a particular group of female adolescents about STDs and cervical cancer, by means of a questionnaire applied before and after educational lectures. Results: After the lecture, there was an increased number of correct answers about sexual education, knowledge about HPV (44%), and prevention of cervical cancer (22%). Conclusion: The adolescents in our study had little knowledge about STDs and cervical cancer, but educative lectures could change this reality at a low cost to Public Health services.

scholarly journals HAZARDS AND RISKS TO CONSUMERS’ HEALTH CAUSED BY POPSICLES ON SALVADOR BEACHES – BAHIA STATE

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Renata Oliveira dos Santos Menezes ◽  
Ryzia de Cássia Vieira Cardoso ◽  
Alaise Gil Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Street Food ◽  
Food Trade ◽  
Microbiological Profile ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococci

Introduction: Beaches are a place for interaction and leisure, as well as a scenery for the provision of services, including the street food trade. In this segment, different workers with different type of foods are included, especially the popsicles.  Methods: This study aimed to characterize microbiologically the popsicles commercialized on the beaches of Salvador, Bahia State. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 13 beaches, with the application of semi- structured questionnaires to 33 vendors  to  characterize  microbiologically  the  popsicles sold on the beaches of Salvador, Bahia State, and the collecting of 198 samples, which were submitted to analysis: counting of Psychrotrophic microorganisms and coagulase-positive staphylococci, estimation of the Most Likely Number of total and thermolerant Coliforms/Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp research. Results: The results showed that in the microbiological profile, most of the samples were in compliance with the standards. However, 34.3% (68) of non-compliance were recorded, including contamination by the various microorganisms studied, except for Salmonella spp., which was not identified. Conclusion: The study identified risks to the costumer's health, given the contamination in the products, for both groups of sellers. 

scholarly journals Food-safety knowledge, attitudes and practices of street-vended food sellers in the city of Kontum, 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 90-97
Author(s):  
Thu Giang Nguyen Thi ◽  
Khai Le Tri ◽  
Trung Hoang Chi ◽  
Toan Luu Quoc ◽  
Tri Hoang Minh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Street Food ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Safety Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Safety Knowledge ◽  
The City ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices on food-safety of street-vended food sellers in the city of Kon Tum (2018) in order to provide scientific evidence as a basis for deverloping plan to ensure food safety of street food and to protect consumers’ health. Subjects of the study were 160 sellers in 160 street-food vendors. The cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2017 to June 2018. Information was collected through direct interviews and observations. The results showed that: The rate of street-vended food sellers who have (1) good knowledge on food-safety was of 64.4 %, (2) positive attitude was of 45.6 %, and (3) right practices was of 33.1 %. The factors affecting food-safety knowledge were the supervision and inspection of local authorities, and the reaction of sellers (P < 0.05). The factors related to food-safety attitudes were food-safety inspection activities, and food-safety knowledge of the sellers (P < 0.05). The factors affecting food-safety practices were the supervision and inspection of local authorities, and food-safety knowledge of the sellers (P < 0.05).

scholarly journals Consumption Behavior of Street Foods among the Young Consumers and Microbial Assessment of Street Food in Dhaka City

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Sumaiya Mamun ◽  
Sabiha Alam ◽  
Mohammad Abduz Zaher ◽  
Mohammad Rahanur Alam
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Good Manufacture Practice ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Street Food

Street foods are widely consumed all over the world as well as Dhaka city. To determine the preferences for these foods, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 645 individuals constituted by randomly selected high school and university students. Also, samples were examined to identify the presence of microorganisms to detect contamination. Of the participants, 40% were male and 60% were female; the majority of them were between 19 and 22 years of age. It was found that 15.81% of the young people conjume street food 2-3 times per week, whereas 48.37% were found to have it every day. Shingara (n = 411, 63.72%), Samucha (n = 267, 41.40%), Puri (n = 225, 34.88%), and Fuchka (n = 216, 33.48%) are the most preferred street foods among young people. In microbial assessment, velpuri had the highest amount of Staphylococcus spp. (5.3 x 105 c.f.u. per gm), fuchka contained the highest amount of Salmonella spp. (4.1 x 105 c.f.u. per gm) and jhalmuri had the highest number of E. coli (4.0 x 104 c.f.u. per gm). Consumers prefer street food because of their low cost, varieties, taste, availability and fast service. The results of our study indicated that most of the Ready to Eat (RTE) food samples tested did not meet bacteriological quality standards. Young people frequently consume the street foods in Dhaka city. To prevent food poisoning and other microbial diseases they should be educated about food hygiene and safety. The contamination risk can be minimized by providing knowledge about personal hygiene and good manufacture practice to the vendors. Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 37 Number 1 June 2020, pp 29-34

scholarly journals Assessment of Food Hygienic and Vending Practices among Street Food Vendors in Buea and Kumba City Council (South-West Region Cameroon)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Kaptso KG
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
City Council ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Street Food ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
New Public Health ◽  
The Government

Street food vending is one of the major activities in the large informal food sector of most developing countries especially in urban centers. It has become an omnipresent activity especially influenced by urbanization and globalization. Street foods play an important role in meeting the food demands of urban duellers, especially the urban poor though their hygiene is very doubtful. While this development is positive in many ways, it also presents new public health challenges for the urban population. This work aimed to evaluate the basic characteristics of street food services and hygienic condition of the processing and distribution of street food. A cross sectional study approach was adopted focusing on some vending sectors in Buea and Kumba. Random samplings of 80 vendors were used and questionnaires were administered to vendors. The results showed that women dominate street food vending amongst all age groups. Most of street vendors have a low educational level and do not have any formal food safety training which contributed to the unsafe conditions under which the foods were prepared and vended. There were several poor personal hygienic practices amongst the vendors. Only 28.8 % always used aprons; 22.5 % always covered their hair and 18.8% always kept away from food preparation and vending when sick or having a wound. Street foods are good sources of diseases as the government pays in less attention to the sector. The study recommends the creation of food centers, regulation of vending activities by the government and development of training programs to enrich vendors on food safety and hygiene.

scholarly journals Demographic and behavioural drivers of intra-urban mobility of migrant street children and youth in Kampala, Uganda

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247156
Author(s):  
Mulekya Francis Bwambale ◽  
Paul Bukuluki ◽  
Cheryl A. Moyer ◽  
Bart H. W. van den Borne
Keyword(s):  
Urban Poor ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Street Children ◽  
Urban Housing ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The City

While research on the nexus of migration and wellbeing of individuals has gained recognition in recent years, far less attention has been devoted to intra-urban mobility especially among the urban poor young populations. We assess the drivers of intra-urban mobility using a random sample of 412 migrant street children and youth in Kampala city, Uganda. This paper draws from a larger cross-sectional survey of circular migration and sexual and reproductive health choices among street children in Kampala, Uganda. We define ‘migrants’ as street children and youth with a rural-urban migration experience and ‘intra-urban mobility’ as the number of places stayed in or moved since migrating to the city, measured on a continuous scale. More than half (54.37%) of the migrant street children and youth had lived in two or more places since migrating to the city. Multivariate negative binomial regression analysis reveals migrant street children and youth’s intra-urban mobility to be associated with gender (aIRR = 0.71, 95%CI 0.53–0.96), sex work (aIRR = 1.38, 95%CI 1.01–1.88), a daily income of one USD or more (aIRR = 1.57, 95%CI 1.16–2.13) and duration of stay in the city (aIRR = 1.54, 95%CI 1.17–2.01). Other drivers of intra-urban mobility included availability of causal work, personal safety and affordability of rental costs. Our findings suggest the need for urban housing and health policies to take into account street children and youth’s intra-urban mobility and its drivers. Future research on all drivers of street children and youth’s intra-urban mobility and its linkage with their health outcomes is recommended.

scholarly journals Urbanization and Its Effects on Housing for the Urban Poor in Uyo Metropolis, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-54
Author(s):  
C. H. Wizor ◽  
E. N. Le-ol Anthony
Keyword(s):  
Urban Poor ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Government ◽  
Social Amenities ◽  
The City

Urbanization and its effect on housing for the urban poor cannot be over-emphasized particularly in the cities of the global south. The meaning that is attributed to such terms as ‘urbanization’ and ‘urban poor housing’ is frequently wide ranging and not precisely defined. Nevertheless, urban poor housing and urbanization are topical issues at local, regional and international levels which attracts the attention of policy makers and professionals. This study therefore, investigated urbanization and its effects on housing for the urban poor in Uyo metropolis, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. It adopted a cross-sectional research design, which involves the administration of the research questionnaire to the selected respondents in the study area. The responses of the respondents were analyzed using a descriptive statistical tool. The result of the investigation revealed that the majority of the apartments occupied by the urban poor in Uyo metropolis are mostly single rooms and self-contained which are mostly overcrowded. Many of the houses occupied by the urban poor do not have kitchen, toilet, and bathroom in them. Urban poor in the study area are mostly faced with problems of dirty environment, poor power supply, insecurity and lack of basic social amenities. The respondents affirmed that the houses are overcrowded while the nature of crime faced by the urban poor in the study area includes kidnapping (8.5%), pickpocket (22.4%) robbery (46.1%) and rape (23.1%) respectively. The study therefore, recommended amongst others, the provision of basic infrastructures such as electricity, good roads, educational institutions, pipe-borne water, etc. in the urban poor neigbourhoods, rehabilitating of the urban poor neighbourhoods through urban renewal strategies and reducing of the accessibility gap to urban facilities and services between the urban poor and other residents of the city. The study further recommends the utilization of sustainable strategies by the government of Akwa Ibom State to reduce the high rate of rural-urban migration noticed in the study area and the systematic overhauling of the security architecture in Uyo metropolis.

scholarly journals Measuring Functionality of the Low-cost Housing for the Urban Poor: Unheard Voices of Asansol City, West Bengal

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-106
Author(s):  
Papiya Manna
Keyword(s):  
Public Housing ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Essential Services ◽  
Low Cost Housing ◽  
The City

In inclusive development paradigm, every person has the right to access basic amenities, and housing is one of them. Urban governance has to provide shelter to its citizens, and when the poor occupy a sizable portion of this population, the roles of urban governance become more crucial. A significant portion of the city dwellers in-migrate into the city from the surrounding areas. They are mainly unskilled or semi-skilled people, who have migrated into the cities in search of livelihood and settle down in places which gradually transforms into slums. In India, public housing as a part of poverty alleviation, aims to provide shelter as well as a comfortable environment to the beneficiaries. The key objectives of this research are to find out the role of the local government of Asansol, West Bengal in providing housing to the landless poor and to examine the responses from the housing dwellers. Mixed method approach has been applied here, and people's responses have been recorded with a semi-structured questionnaire based on purposive sampling technique. However, it has been found that the ability to access essential services is not the same for all sections of the society. This signals that when the questions of accessing resources are linked to the poor, either their voices fail to reach the appropriate places or they remain unheard in most spheres. Thus, the gap between the government and the poor are widening regarding the provision of essential services, accountability and regularity of monitoring of the public housing environment. As a result, the functionality of the low-cost housing is yet to achieve the desired goal of inclusivity in Asansol. Urban space is still exclusive for poor and vulnerable.

EXPERIMENTATION OF A LOW COST ELECTRONIC SYSTEM FOR MEASUREMENT OF THE ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION INDEX TO THE CITY OF CAMPINA GRANDE, BRAZIL

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emerson da Trindade Marcelino ◽  
Júlio Mannuel Tavares Diniz ◽  
ALVARO ROCHA ◽  
Eisenhawer de Moura Fernandes ◽  
Raimundo Duarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electronic System ◽  
The City
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